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Although low concentrations of carbon dioxide can be derived from organic sources or byproducts of silicate reactions at moderate temperatures<ref name=ch11r32>Smith, J., T., Ehrenberg, S., N., 1989, Correlation of carbon dioxide abundance with temperature in clastic hydrocarbon reservoirs: relationship to inorganic chemical equilibrium: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 6, p. 129–135., 10., 1016/0264-8172(89)90016-0</ref> high concentrations of carbon dioxide are usually associated with igneous intrusion or regional heating of impure limestones.<ref name=ch11r9>Farmer, R., E., 1965, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/methodo2/data/a071/a071/0001/0350/0378.htm Genesis of subsurface carbon dioxide], in Young, A., Galley, J., eds., Fluids in Subsurface Environments: AAPG Memoir No. 4, p. 378–385.</ref>
 
Although low concentrations of carbon dioxide can be derived from organic sources or byproducts of silicate reactions at moderate temperatures<ref name=ch11r32>Smith, J., T., Ehrenberg, S., N., 1989, Correlation of carbon dioxide abundance with temperature in clastic hydrocarbon reservoirs: relationship to inorganic chemical equilibrium: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 6, p. 129–135., 10., 1016/0264-8172(89)90016-0</ref> high concentrations of carbon dioxide are usually associated with igneous intrusion or regional heating of impure limestones.<ref name=ch11r9>Farmer, R., E., 1965, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/methodo2/data/a071/a071/0001/0350/0378.htm Genesis of subsurface carbon dioxide], in Young, A., Galley, J., eds., Fluids in Subsurface Environments: AAPG Memoir No. 4, p. 378–385.</ref>
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Hydrogen sulfide concentration increases with depth in gas reservoirs with anhydrite, indicating that it, too, is a product of higher maturity.<ref name=ch11r20 />). The methane is reacting with the sulfate to form hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide gas. The reaction is probably kinetically controlled.
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Hydrogen sulfide concentration increases with depth in gas reservoirs with anhydrite, indicating that it, too, is a product of higher maturity.<ref name=ch11r20 /> The methane is reacting with the sulfate to form hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide gas. The reaction is probably kinetically controlled.
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The origin of nitrogen gas is not well characterized. In nonpetroleum basins, nitrogen may have high concentration because no other gas is present to dilute it. High-nitrogen gas in thermally mature basins is possibly from coal sources (<ref name=ch11r33>Stahl, W., Boigk, H., Wollanke, G., 1978, Carbon and nitrogen isotope data of upper Carboniferous and Rotliegend natural gases from north Germany and their relationship to the maturity of the organic source material: Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1976, p. 539–559.</ref> or from the mantle or deep crust<ref name=ch11r17>Jenden, P., D., Kaplan, I., R., 1989, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1988-89/data/pg/0073/0004/0400/0431.htm Origin of natural gas in Sacramento basin, California]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 73, p. 431–453.</ref>
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The origin of nitrogen gas is not well characterized. In nonpetroleum basins, nitrogen may have high concentration because no other gas is present to dilute it. High-nitrogen gas in thermally mature basins is possibly from coal sources<ref name=ch11r33>Stahl, W., Boigk, H., Wollanke, G., 1978, Carbon and nitrogen isotope data of upper Carboniferous and Rotliegend natural gases from north Germany and their relationship to the maturity of the organic source material: Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1976, p. 539–559.</ref> or from the mantle or deep crust.<ref name=ch11r17>Jenden, P., D., Kaplan, I., R., 1989, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1988-89/data/pg/0073/0004/0400/0431.htm Origin of natural gas in Sacramento basin, California]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 73, p. 431–453.</ref>
    
==Predicting burial destruction==
 
==Predicting burial destruction==

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