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==Carbonate sediments and environments==

==Carbonate sediments and environments==

[[file:carbonate-reservoir-models-facies-diagenesis-and-flow-characterization_fig1.png|thumb|left|{{figure number|1}}Dunham's<ref name=pt06r29>Dunham, R. J., 1962, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/carbona2/data/a038/a038/0001/0100/0108.htm Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture], in, Classifications of Carbonate Rocks—A Symposium: AAPG Memoir 1, p. 108–121.</ref> classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture.<ref name=pt06r138>Swanson, R. G., 1981, Sample examination manual: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=603 AAPG Methods in Exploration 1], 65 p.</ref>]]

[[file:carbonate-reservoir-models-facies-diagenesis-and-flow-characterization_fig1.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Dunham's<ref name=pt06r29>Dunham, R. J., 1962, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/carbona2/data/a038/a038/0001/0100/0108.htm Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture], in, Classifications of Carbonate Rocks—A Symposium: AAPG Memoir 1, p. 108–121.</ref> classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture.<ref name=pt06r138>Swanson, R. G., 1981, Sample examination manual: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=603 AAPG Methods in Exploration 1], 65 p.</ref>]]

The majority of carbonate sediments are produced in shallow, warm ocean waters by extraction of [[Carbonate|calcium carbonate]] from seawater by organisms to form their shells or skeletal material. The sediments are composed of a spectrum of [[Grain size|sizes]] and [[Pore system shapes|pore geometries]]. The [[Carbonate classifications|Dunham classification]] ([[:file:carbonate-reservoir-models-facies-diagenesis-and-flow-characterization_fig1.png|Figure 1]]) describes depositional textures in a manner that can be related to [[Pore and pore throat sizes|pore geometries]]. The [[Grain-supported carbonate|grain-supported]] textures tend to have larger pore sizes than do [[Mud-supported carbonate|mud-supported]] textures. The textures have different geometries in different [[depositional environments]].

The majority of carbonate sediments are produced in shallow, warm ocean waters by extraction of [[Carbonate|calcium carbonate]] from seawater by organisms to form their shells or skeletal material. The sediments are composed of a spectrum of [[Grain size|sizes]] and [[Pore system shapes|pore geometries]]. The [[Carbonate classifications|Dunham classification]] ([[:file:carbonate-reservoir-models-facies-diagenesis-and-flow-characterization_fig1.png|Figure 1]]) describes depositional textures in a manner that can be related to [[Pore and pore throat sizes|pore geometries]]. The [[Grain-supported carbonate|grain-supported]] textures tend to have larger pore sizes than do [[Mud-supported carbonate|mud-supported]] textures. The textures have different geometries in different [[depositional environments]].

[[file:carbonate-reservoir-models-facies-diagenesis-and-flow-characterization_fig2.png|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Carbonate depositional environments. (Diagram by R. G. Loucks and C. R. Handford, unpublished.)]]

[[file:carbonate-reservoir-models-facies-diagenesis-and-flow-characterization_fig2.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|2}}Carbonate depositional environments. (Diagram by R. G. Loucks and C. R. Handford, unpublished.)]]

There are five basic carbonate depositional environments. From shore to basin, they are ''[[peritidal]]'' (tidal flat), ''[[shallow shelf interior]], [[shelf margin complex]], [[slope]]'', and ''[[basin]]'' ([[:file:carbonate-reservoir-models-facies-diagenesis-and-flow-characterization_fig2.png|Figure 2]]). (For more information on carbonate depositional environments, see Scholle et al.<ref name=Scholleetal_1983>Scholle, P. A., D. G. Bebout, and C. H. Moore, eds., 1983, [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=656 Carbonate depositional environments]: AAPG Memoir 33, 708 p.</ref>)

There are five basic carbonate depositional environments. From shore to basin, they are ''[[peritidal]]'' (tidal flat), ''[[shallow shelf interior]], [[shelf margin complex]], [[slope]]'', and ''[[basin]]'' ([[:file:carbonate-reservoir-models-facies-diagenesis-and-flow-characterization_fig2.png|Figure 2]]). (For more information on carbonate depositional environments, see Scholle et al.<ref name=Scholleetal_1983>Scholle, P. A., D. G. Bebout, and C. H. Moore, eds., 1983, [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=656 Carbonate depositional environments]: AAPG Memoir 33, 708 p.</ref>)