Changes

Shoreface sandstones commonly form parasequence sets (see Chapter 10, this publication). An individual parasequence can comprise a series of facies belts showing a progression from coastal to offshore sediments. For example, in the Scott field in the UK North Sea, back barrier, foreshore, upper shoreface, and lower shoreface facies belts can be mapped out in the Upper Piper Sandstone Member (see [[:File:M91Ch11FG73.JPG|Figure 2]]).<ref name=Guscott /> An analysis of parasequence stacking patterns can help the geologist to predict and map facies belts in the areas beyond the well control. For example, Spaak et al.<ref>Spaak, P., J. Almond, S. Salahudin, Z. Mohd Salleh, and O. Tosun, 1999, Fulmar: A mature field revisited, in A. J. Fleet and S. A. R. Boldy, eds., Petroleum geology of northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference, Geological Society (London), p. 1089–1100.</ref> used stacking analysis on the Jurassic shoreface sediments of the Fulmar field, UK North Sea, to help construct the depositional scheme for the reservoir.

Shoreface sandstones commonly form parasequence sets (see Chapter 10, this publication). An individual parasequence can comprise a series of facies belts showing a progression from coastal to offshore sediments. For example, in the Scott field in the UK North Sea, back barrier, foreshore, upper shoreface, and lower shoreface facies belts can be mapped out in the Upper Piper Sandstone Member (see [[:File:M91Ch11FG73.JPG|Figure 2]]).<ref name=Guscott /> An analysis of parasequence stacking patterns can help the geologist to predict and map facies belts in the areas beyond the well control. For example, Spaak et al.<ref>Spaak, P., J. Almond, S. Salahudin, Z. Mohd Salleh, and O. Tosun, 1999, Fulmar: A mature field revisited, in A. J. Fleet and S. A. R. Boldy, eds., Petroleum geology of northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference, Geological Society (London), p. 1089–1100.</ref> used stacking analysis on the Jurassic shoreface sediments of the Fulmar field, UK North Sea, to help construct the depositional scheme for the reservoir.

The basal section of individual parasequences is defined by a flooding surface that is commonly a marine shale. Shales can isolate individual parasequence shoreface cycles vertically, and they can be laterally extensive for several hundreds of meters or more. Fluid flow communication may occur between parasequences where the shales are absent as a result of erosion or nondeposition. It can be useful to produce vertical flow barrier maps for parasequence boundaries (see [[:File:M91FG102.JPG|Figure 3]]). The localized presence or absence of bounding shales can be a critical feature in the flow geology characterization of a shoreface reservoir (Larue and Legarre, 2004).

The basal section of individual parasequences is defined by a flooding surface that is commonly a marine shale. Shales can isolate individual parasequence shoreface cycles vertically, and they can be laterally extensive for several hundreds of meters or more. Fluid flow communication may occur between parasequences where the shales are absent as a result of erosion or nondeposition. It can be useful to produce vertical flow barrier maps for parasequence boundaries (see [[:File:M91FG102.JPG|Figure 3]]). The localized presence or absence of bounding shales can be a critical feature in the flow geology characterization of a shoreface reservoir.<ref>Larue, D. K., and H. Legarre, 2004, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2004/03mar/0303/0303.HTM Flow units, connectivity, and reservoir characterization in a wave-dominated reservoir: Meren reservoir, Nigeria]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 88, no. 3, p. 303–324.</ref>

==Vertical permeability profiles in shoreface sandstones==

==Vertical permeability profiles in shoreface sandstones==