Changes

===Isopach===

===Isopach===

A contour map of equal values of true stratigraphic thickness is an ''isopach map'' ([[:file:subsurface-maps_fig4.png|Figure 4]]). Except for vertical wells in horizontal beds, corrections for [[Wellbore trajectory|wellbore deviation]] and formation [[dip]] are needed to make isopach maps.

A [[contour]] map of equal values of true stratigraphic thickness is an ''isopach map'' ([[:file:subsurface-maps_fig4.png|Figure 4]]). Except for vertical wells in horizontal beds, corrections for [[Wellbore trajectory|wellbore deviation]] and formation [[dip]] are needed to make isopach maps.

===Isochore===

===Isochore===

===Isochron===

===Isochron===

An ''[[Mapping with two-dimensional seismic data#Time interval maps|isochron map]]'' is a contour map of equal values of seismic traveltime between selected events.<ref name=pt06r141 /> Isochron maps are the seismic analog of isochore maps and, as such, are intended to derive thickness information from seismic data. Isochroning between events above and below a pay horizon, for example, would estimate pay thickness. Renick and Gunn<ref name=pt06r109>Renick, H. Jr., Gunn, R. D., 1989, Triangle Ranch Headquarters field development using shallow core holes and high-resolution seismic data: Geophysics, v. 54, n. 11, p. 1384–1396, DOI: [http://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.1190/1.1442602 10.1190/1.1442602].</ref> present a good case history of using isochron and time-structure maps to generate “isopach” and elevation-structure maps. Their isochron-isopach approach delineated reef trends for further development drilling and used well penetrations through a shallow horizon for depth control on a deeper horizon. Phipps<ref name=pt06r99>Phipps, G. G., 1989, Exploring for dolomitized Slave Point carbonates in northeastern British Columbia: Geophysics, v. 54, n. 7, p. 806–814, DOI: [http://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.1190/1.1442709 10.1190/1.1442709].</ref> documents the pros and cons of using isochron thins and structural highs as exploration drilling criteria for dolomitized Devonian limestones.

An ''[[Mapping with two-dimensional seismic data#Time interval maps|isochron map]]'' is a contour map of equal values of seismic traveltime between selected events.<ref name=pt06r141 /> [[Isochron]] maps are the seismic analog of isochore maps and, as such, are intended to derive thickness information from seismic data. Isochroning between events above and below a pay horizon, for example, would estimate pay thickness. Renick and Gunn<ref name=pt06r109>Renick, H. Jr., Gunn, R. D., 1989, Triangle Ranch Headquarters field development using shallow core holes and high-resolution seismic data: Geophysics, v. 54, n. 11, p. 1384–1396, DOI: [http://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.1190/1.1442602 10.1190/1.1442602].</ref> present a good case history of using isochron and time-structure maps to generate “isopach” and elevation-structure maps. Their isochron-isopach approach delineated reef trends for further development drilling and used well penetrations through a shallow horizon for depth control on a deeper horizon. Phipps<ref name=pt06r99>Phipps, G. G., 1989, Exploring for dolomitized Slave Point carbonates in northeastern British Columbia: Geophysics, v. 54, n. 7, p. 806–814, DOI: [http://library.seg.org/doi/abs/10.1190/1.1442709 10.1190/1.1442709].</ref> documents the pros and cons of using isochron thins and structural highs as exploration drilling criteria for dolomitized Devonian limestones.

==Mapping to calculate reserves==

==Mapping to calculate reserves==

A variety of other maps can come into play during the development of a specific reservoir. Maps of facies, facies architecture for more information, see [[Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems]] and [[Carbonate reservoir models: facies, diagenesis, and flow characterization]]), paleoenvironment, and isolithology might be particularly important in selecting [[stepout well location]]s and planning reservoir development strategy. Other reservoir properties such as [[Wikipedia:Temperature|temperature]] can have value for specific reservoir engineering applications, particularly where potentially temperature-sensitive chemical [[stimulation]], production, or recovery technology might be involved.

A variety of other maps can come into play during the development of a specific reservoir. Maps of facies, facies architecture for more information, see [[Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems]] and [[Carbonate reservoir models: facies, diagenesis, and flow characterization]]), paleoenvironment, and isolithology might be particularly important in selecting [[stepout well location]]s and planning reservoir development strategy. Other reservoir properties such as [[Wikipedia:Temperature|temperature]] can have value for specific reservoir engineering applications, particularly where potentially temperature-sensitive chemical [[stimulation]], production, or recovery technology might be involved.

==See also==

==See also==

[[Category:Geological methods]]

[[Category:Geological methods]]