Difference between revisions of "Maps of hydrocarbon types: Gulf of Mexico example"

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  | part    = Critical elements of the petroleum system
 
  | part    = Critical elements of the petroleum system
 
  | chapter = Sedimentary basin analysis
 
  | chapter = Sedimentary basin analysis
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  | frompg  = 4-1
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  | frompg  = 4-11
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  | topg    = 4-123
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  | topg    = 4-12
 
  | author  = John M. Armentrout
 
  | author  = John M. Armentrout
 
  | link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch04/ch04.htm
 
  | link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch04/ch04.htm
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==Discussion==
 
==Discussion==
  
−
Hydrocarbon types reflect the composition of the kerogens from which they were generated. Kerogens are the insoluble organic matter in sedimentary rocks. Maps of hydrocarbon types estimate the number and distribution of mature generating [[source rock]]s. The following map of hydrocarbon types is based on analyses of more than 2000 oil, 600 gas, and 1200 seep samples correlated to specific source rocks. Nine oil-source-rock families have been identified (labeled 1-9; see table on following page), each having a specific geographic distribution related to mature source-rock location and [[migration]] paths. We will focus on the High Island-East Breaks area, where families 1 and 6 overlap (bold arrow).
+
Hydrocarbon types reflect the composition of the [[kerogen]]s from which they were generated. Kerogens are the insoluble organic matter in sedimentary rocks. Maps of hydrocarbon types estimate the number and distribution of mature generating [[source rock]]s. The map of hydrocarbon types in [[:file:sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|Figure 1]] is based on analyses of more than 2000 oil, 600 gas, and 1200 seep samples correlated to specific source rocks. Nine oil-source-rock families have been identified (labeled 1-9; see Table 1), each having a specific geographic distribution related to mature source-rock location and [[migration]] paths. We will focus on the High Island-East Breaks area, where families 1 and 6 overlap (bold arrow).
  
 
==Source table==
 
==Source table==
  
−
[[file:sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|thumb|{{figure number|1}Modified from Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40 />).]]
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[[file:sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|500px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Map of hydrocarbon types is based on analyses of more than 2000 oil, 600 gas, and 1200 seep samples correlated to specific source rocks. Modified from Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40 />]]
  
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The table below, modified from Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40>Gross, O., P., Hood, K., C., Wenger, L., M., Harrison, S., C., 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Abstracts, 1st Latin American Geophysical conference, p. 1–4.</ref> lists source-rock ages, oil types, and map numbers for [[:file:sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|Figure 1]].
+
Table 1, modified from Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40>Gross, O. P., K. C. Hood, L. M. Wenger, and S. C. Harrison, 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Abstracts, 1st Latin American Geophysical conference, p. 1–4.</ref> lists source-rock ages, oil types, and map numbers for [[:file:sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|Figure 1]].
  
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 
{| class = "wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|+ Table 1.
 
|-
 
|-
 
! Source-rock age
 
! Source-rock age
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! Map #
 
! Map #
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Lower Tertiary (centered on Eocene, ~50-40 Ma)
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| Lower [[Tertiary]] (centered on [[Eocene]], ~50-40 Ma)
 
|  
 
|  
 
* Tertiary marine <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn1">Tertiary marine and Tertiary intermediate are mapped together.</ref>
 
* Tertiary marine <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn1">Tertiary marine and Tertiary intermediate are mapped together.</ref>
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| &#9312;<br />&#9312;<br />&#9313;
 
| &#9312;<br />&#9312;<br />&#9313;
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Upper Cretaceous (centered on Turonian, ~85-95 Ma)
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| [[Upper Cretaceous]] (centered on [[Turonian]], ~85-95 Ma)
 
|
 
|
 
* Marine; low sulfur; no Tertiary influence  
 
* Marine; low sulfur; no Tertiary influence  
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| &#9314;<br />&#9315;
 
| &#9314;<br />&#9315;
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Lower Cretaceous (centered on Aptian, ~115-105 Ma)
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| [[Lower Cretaceous]] (centered on [[Aptian]], ~115-105 Ma)
 
|  
 
|  
 
* Carbonate; elevated salinity; Lower Cretaceous
 
* Carbonate; elevated salinity; Lower Cretaceous
−
* Calcareous; moderate sulfur; Lower Cretaceous <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn2">Calcareous–Moderate Sulfur–No Tertiary Influence and Calcareous–Moderate Sulfur–Lower Cretaceous are mapped as an undifferentiated unit.</ref>
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* Calcareous; moderate sulfur; Lower Cretaceous <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn2">Calcareous; moderate sulfur; no Tertiary influence and Calcareous; moderate sulfur; Lower Cretaceous are mapped as an undifferentiated unit.</ref>
 
| &#9316;<br />&#9315;
 
| &#9316;<br />&#9315;
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Uppermost Jurassic (centered on Tithonian, ~140-130 Ma)
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| Uppermost [[Jurassic]] (centered on [[Tithonian]], ~140-130 Ma)
 
|
 
|
−
* Marine; high sulfur; Jurassic <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn3">Oil subtypes related to variations in sulfur content and associated geochemical parameters have not been subdivided on Figure 4–5.</ref>
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* Marine; high sulfur; Jurassic <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn3">Oil subtypes related to variations in sulfur content and associated geochemical parameters have not been subdivided on [[:file:sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|Figure 1]].</ref>
 
* Marine; moderately high sulfur; Jurassic <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn3"></ref>
 
* Marine; moderately high sulfur; Jurassic <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn3"></ref>
 
* Marine; moderate sulfur; Jurassic <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn3"></ref>
 
* Marine; moderate sulfur; Jurassic <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn3"></ref>
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* Calcareous; Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous?
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* Calcareous; [[Upper Jurassic]] or Lower Cretaceous?
 
| &#9317;<br />&#9317;<br />&#9317;<br />&#9318;
 
| &#9317;<br />&#9317;<br />&#9317;<br />&#9318;
 
|-
 
|-
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| Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian, ~ 152-145 Ma)
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| Upper Jurassic ([[Oxfordian]], ~ 152-145 Ma)
 
|  
 
|  
 
* Carbonate; elevated salinity;
 
* Carbonate; elevated salinity;
−
* Jurassic <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn4">Oil subtypes reflecting differences in salinity and clastic input to source facies are known but are not delineated on Figure 4–5.</ref>
+
* Jurassic <ref group="t" name="ch04tblfn4">Oil subtypes reflecting differences in salinity and clastic input to source facies are known but are not delineated on [[:file:sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|Figure 1]].</ref>
 
| &#9319;
 
| &#9319;
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Triassic (Eagle Mills, > 210 Ma)
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| [[Triassic]] (Eagle Mills Formation, > 210 Ma)
 
|
 
|
 
* Triassic; lacustrine
 
* Triassic; lacustrine
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==See also==
 
==See also==
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* [[Defining the basin framework]]
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* [[How to define the framework of a basin]]
 
* [[How to define the framework of a basin]]
 
* [[Example: defining a basin outline]]
 
* [[Example: defining a basin outline]]
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[[Category:Critical elements of the petroleum system]]  
 
[[Category:Critical elements of the petroleum system]]  
 
[[Category:Sedimentary basin analysis]]
 
[[Category:Sedimentary basin analysis]]
 +
[[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]]

Latest revision as of 20:02, 18 February 2022

Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
Series Treatise in Petroleum Geology
Part Critical elements of the petroleum system
Chapter Sedimentary basin analysis
Author John M. Armentrout
Link Web page
Store AAPG Store

Discussion

Hydrocarbon types reflect the composition of the kerogens from which they were generated. Kerogens are the insoluble organic matter in sedimentary rocks. Maps of hydrocarbon types estimate the number and distribution of mature generating source rocks. The map of hydrocarbon types in Figure 1 is based on analyses of more than 2000 oil, 600 gas, and 1200 seep samples correlated to specific source rocks. Nine oil-source-rock families have been identified (labeled 1-9; see Table 1), each having a specific geographic distribution related to mature source-rock location and migration paths. We will focus on the High Island-East Breaks area, where families 1 and 6 overlap (bold arrow).

Source table

Figure 1 Map of hydrocarbon types is based on analyses of more than 2000 oil, 600 gas, and 1200 seep samples correlated to specific source rocks. Modified from Gross et al.[1]

Table 1, modified from Gross et al.[1] lists source-rock ages, oil types, and map numbers for Figure 1.

Table 1.
Source-rock age Oil type Map #
Lower Tertiary (centered on Eocene, ~50-40 Ma)
  • Tertiary marine [t 1]
  • Tertiary intermediate [t 1]
  • Tertiary terrestrial
 ①
①
②
Upper Cretaceous (centered on Turonian, ~85-95 Ma)
  • Marine; low sulfur; no Tertiary influence
  • Calcareous; moderate sulfur; no Tertiary influence [t 2]
 ③
④
Lower Cretaceous (centered on Aptian, ~115-105 Ma)
  • Carbonate; elevated salinity; Lower Cretaceous
  • Calcareous; moderate sulfur; Lower Cretaceous [t 2]
 ⑤
④
Uppermost Jurassic (centered on Tithonian, ~140-130 Ma)
  • Marine; high sulfur; Jurassic [t 3]
  • Marine; moderately high sulfur; Jurassic [t 3]
  • Marine; moderate sulfur; Jurassic [t 3]
  • Calcareous; Upper Jurassic or Lower Cretaceous?
 ⑥
⑥
⑥
⑦
Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian, ~ 152-145 Ma)
  • Carbonate; elevated salinity;
  • Jurassic [t 4]
 ⑧
Triassic (Eagle Mills Formation, > 210 Ma)
  • Triassic; lacustrine
 ⑨
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tertiary marine and Tertiary intermediate are mapped together.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Calcareous; moderate sulfur; no Tertiary influence and Calcareous; moderate sulfur; Lower Cretaceous are mapped as an undifferentiated unit.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Oil subtypes related to variations in sulfur content and associated geochemical parameters have not been subdivided on Figure 1.
  4. ↑ Oil subtypes reflecting differences in salinity and clastic input to source facies are known but are not delineated on Figure 1.

Summary

By overlaying maps of total overburden thickness above major source-rock intervals, thermally mature source-rock distribution, hydrocarbon occurrences, and major structural features, the regional elements of the petroleum system(s) begin to emerge.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gross, O. P., K. C. Hood, L. M. Wenger, and S. C. Harrison, 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Abstracts, 1st Latin American Geophysical conference, p. 1–4.

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