Difference between revisions of "Reflection configuration patterns"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
(Initial import) |
Cwhitehurst (talk | contribs) m (added Category:Treatise Handbook 3 using HotCat) |
||
| (17 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | | part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | ||
| chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps | | chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps | ||
| − | | frompg = 21- | + | | frompg = 21-37 |
| − | | topg = 21- | + | | topg = 21-39 |
| author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks | | author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks | ||
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm | | link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
* Parallel—including subparallel and divergent | * Parallel—including subparallel and divergent | ||
* Discontinuous | * Discontinuous | ||
| − | * | + | * [[Depocenter#Sediment_supply_rate_and_facies_patterns|Prograding]]—caused by [[lateral]] accretion of strata |
| + | |||
| + | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-24.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Reflection configurations. From Mitchum et al.;<ref name=ch21r31 /> courtesy AAPG.]] | ||
==Parallel reflector patterns== | ==Parallel reflector patterns== | ||
| − | Parallel reflections include subparallel, wavy, and divergent. Parallel, subparallel, and wavy reflectors suggest uniform depositional rates on a uniformly subsiding surface, such as a shelf or basin plain. Divergent reflectors suggest lateral variations in depositional rates or progressive tilting of a depositional surface. | + | Parallel reflections include subparallel, wavy, and divergent. Parallel, subparallel, and wavy reflectors suggest uniform depositional rates on a uniformly subsiding surface, such as a [http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/continental-shelf/?ar_a=1 shelf] or basin plain. Divergent reflectors suggest lateral variations in depositional rates or progressive tilting of a depositional surface. [[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-24.png|Figure 1]] shows reflection configurations for this group. |
| − | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21- | + | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-25.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Five types of discontinuous reflector patterns that help interdepositional systems. After Mitchum, et al.<ref name=ch21r31>Mitchum, R., M., Vail, P., R., Sangree, J., B., 1977, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/seismic1/data/a165/a165/0001/0100/0117.htm Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level, part 6: stratigraphic interpretations of seismic reflection patterns in depositional sequences], in Payton, C., E., ed., Seismic Stratigraphy and Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1157 AAPG Memoir 26], p. 117–133.</ref>]] |
==Discontinuous reflector patterns== | ==Discontinuous reflector patterns== | ||
| − | Five types of discontinuous reflector patterns that help interdepositional systems are shown in | + | Five types of discontinuous reflector patterns that help interdepositional systems are shown in [[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-25.png|Figure 2]]. Hummocky strata may be discontinuous [[Lithofacies_and_environmental_analysis_of_clastic_depositional_systems#Braided_and_meandering_fluvial_deposits|point bars and crevasse splays]]. Chaotic reflectors suggest coarse-grained [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fluvial fluvial] or [[turbidite]] channel fills. Contorted features may be shale-prone [[debris flow]]s. Precise identification of depositional environments requires integration with other data. |
| − | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21- | + | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-26.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|3}}Prograding reflectors and their possible depositional significance. After Mitchum et al.<ref name=ch21r31 />]] |
==Prograding reflector patterns== | ==Prograding reflector patterns== | ||
| − | One of the most common depositional features observed in seismic sections are clinoforms manifested in a configuration pattern called ''offlap''. Clinoforms are progradational strata that form through the progressive development of gently sloping surfaces. Paleowater depths can be interpreted from the height of prograding clinoforms. | + | One of the most common depositional features observed in seismic sections are clinoforms manifested in a configuration pattern called ''[http://www.answers.com/topic/offlap offlap]''. Clinoforms are progradational strata that form through the progressive development of gently sloping surfaces. Paleowater depths can be interpreted from the height of prograding clinoforms. [[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-26.png|Figure 3]] shows [[Depocenter#Sediment_supply_rate_and_facies_patterns|prograding]] reflectors and their possible depositional significance. |
| − | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21- | + | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-27.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|4}}Fill patterns. From Mitchum et al.<ref name=ch21r31 />]] |
==Channel fill patterns== | ==Channel fill patterns== | ||
| − | |||
| − | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-27.png| | + | Channels are expressed in seismic sections as negative relief features truncating the underlying strata. Fill patterns are shown in [[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-27.png|Figure 4]]. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Seismic facies analysis]] |
* [[Basics of seismic facies analysis]] | * [[Basics of seismic facies analysis]] | ||
* [[Seismic facies mapping]] | * [[Seismic facies mapping]] | ||
| Line 61: | Line 62: | ||
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | [[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | ||
[[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]] | [[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:46, 4 February 2022
| Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps | |
| |
| Series | Treatise in Petroleum Geology |
|---|---|
| Part | Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps |
| Chapter | Exploring for stratigraphic traps |
| Author | John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks |
| Link | Web page |
| Store | AAPG Store |
Groups of configuration patterns
Reflection configuration patterns can be divided into three groups:
- Parallel—including subparallel and divergent
- Discontinuous
- Prograding—caused by lateral accretion of strata
Figure 1 Reflection configurations. From Mitchum et al.;[1] courtesy AAPG.
Parallel reflector patterns
Parallel reflections include subparallel, wavy, and divergent. Parallel, subparallel, and wavy reflectors suggest uniform depositional rates on a uniformly subsiding surface, such as a shelf or basin plain. Divergent reflectors suggest lateral variations in depositional rates or progressive tilting of a depositional surface. Figure 1 shows reflection configurations for this group.
Figure 2 Five types of discontinuous reflector patterns that help interdepositional systems. After Mitchum, et al.[1]
Discontinuous reflector patterns
Five types of discontinuous reflector patterns that help interdepositional systems are shown in Figure 2. Hummocky strata may be discontinuous point bars and crevasse splays. Chaotic reflectors suggest coarse-grained fluvial or turbidite channel fills. Contorted features may be shale-prone debris flows. Precise identification of depositional environments requires integration with other data.
Figure 3 Prograding reflectors and their possible depositional significance. After Mitchum et al.[1]
Prograding reflector patterns
One of the most common depositional features observed in seismic sections are clinoforms manifested in a configuration pattern called offlap. Clinoforms are progradational strata that form through the progressive development of gently sloping surfaces. Paleowater depths can be interpreted from the height of prograding clinoforms. Figure 3 shows prograding reflectors and their possible depositional significance.
Figure 4 Fill patterns. From Mitchum et al.[1]
Channel fill patterns
Channels are expressed in seismic sections as negative relief features truncating the underlying strata. Fill patterns are shown in Figure 4.
See also
- Seismic facies analysis
- Basics of seismic facies analysis
- Seismic facies mapping
- Analyzing individual reflectors
- Techniques for enhancing seismic facies analysis
- Analyzing lithofacies
- Petrophysical analysis of lithofacies
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Mitchum, R., M., Vail, P., R., Sangree, J., B., 1977, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level, part 6: stratigraphic interpretations of seismic reflection patterns in depositional sequences, in Payton, C., E., ed., Seismic Stratigraphy and Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration: AAPG Memoir 26, p. 117–133.
External links
| find literature about Reflection configuration patterns |
|
|
|
|