Difference between revisions of "Hydrodynamic flow and pressure transients"
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| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | | part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | ||
| chapter = Evaluating top and fault seal | | chapter = Evaluating top and fault seal | ||
− | | frompg = 10- | + | | frompg = 10-87 |
− | | topg = 10- | + | | topg = 10-87 |
| author = Grant M. Skerlec | | author = Grant M. Skerlec | ||
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm | | link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm | ||
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| isbn = 0-89181-602-X | | isbn = 0-89181-602-X | ||
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− | Pressure gradients and the resulting buoyant pressures are not always static. Both hydrodynamic flow and pressure transients change seal capacity. | + | [[Hydrostatic pressure gradient|Pressure gradients]] and the resulting [[Buoyancy pressure|buoyant pressures]] are not always static. Both hydrodynamic flow and pressure transients change [[seal capacity]]. |
==Hydrodynamic flow== | ==Hydrodynamic flow== | ||
− | A hydrodynamic gradient will either increase or decrease the height of a trapped | + | A hydrodynamic gradient will either increase or decrease the height of a trapped [[hydrocarbon]] column.<ref name=ch10r67>Schowalter, T. T., 1979, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1977-79/data/pg/0063/0005/0700/0723.htm Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 723–760.</ref><ref name=ch10r16>Dahlberg, E. C., 1982, Applied Hydrodynamics in Petroleum Exploration: New York, Springer-Verlag, 161 p.</ref><ref name=ch10r50>Lerche, I. Thomsen, R. O., 1994, Hydrodynamics of Oil and Gas: New York, Plenum Press, 308 p.</ref> Flow in the direction of the [[Buoyancy forces in reservoir fluids|buoyant vector]] decreases the seal capacity. Flow opposite the direction of the buoyant vector increases the seal capacity. |
− | The hydrodynamic effect has been demonstrated to be important in trapping hydrocarbons in the | + | The hydrodynamic effect has been demonstrated to be important in trapping hydrocarbons in the [[Western Canada Basin]]<ref name=ch10r16 /><ref name=ch10r50 /> |
==Pressure transients== | ==Pressure transients== | ||
− | Fluid pressure gradients may fluctuate dramatically during faulting and basin evolution.<ref name=ch10r69>Sibson, R. | + | Fluid pressure gradients may fluctuate dramatically during faulting and basin evolution.<ref name=ch10r69>Sibson, R. H., J. Moore, and A. H. Rankin, 1975, Seismic pumping—a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism: Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 131, p. 653–659., 10., 1144/gsjgs., 131., 6., 0653</ref> Estimates of trapping capacity based upon the capillary model assume a static pressure gradient or a uniform regional hydrodynamic gradient. |
− | Measurements of fluid inclusions, however, suggest pressure transients along faults of as much as 126 MPa [[pressure::(1,825 psi]]).<ref name=ch10r61>Parry, W. | + | Measurements of fluid inclusions, however, suggest pressure transients along faults of as much as 126 MPa [[pressure::(1,825 psi]]).<ref name=ch10r61>Parry, W. T., and R. L. Bruhn, 1990, Fluid pressure transients on seismogenic normal faults: Tectonophysics, vol. 179, no. 3–4, p. 335–344., 10., 1016/0040-1951(90)90299-N</ref> Similar episodic fluid flow events are inferred from sandstone cements in the [[North Sea]].<ref name=ch10r64>Robinson, A., J. Gluyas, 1992, Duration of quartz cementation in sandstones, North Sea and Haltenbanken basins: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 324–327., 10., 1016/0264-8172(92)90081-O</ref> |
− | Leakage through seals and seal capacity may be as episodic as hydrocarbon generation, migration, and pressure transients. | + | [[Trap leakage|Leakage]] through seals and seal capacity may be as episodic as [[Petroleum generation|hydrocarbon generation]], [[migration]], and pressure transients. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Seal capacity: pitfalls and limitations of estimation]] | * [[Seal capacity: pitfalls and limitations of estimation]] | ||
− | |||
* [[Displacement pressure: does the theory predict reality?]] | * [[Displacement pressure: does the theory predict reality?]] | ||
* [[Saturations required for hydrocarbon flow]] | * [[Saturations required for hydrocarbon flow]] | ||
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[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | [[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | ||
[[Category:Evaluating top and fault seal]] | [[Category:Evaluating top and fault seal]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]] |
Latest revision as of 14:34, 1 April 2022
Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps | |
Series | Treatise in Petroleum Geology |
---|---|
Part | Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps |
Chapter | Evaluating top and fault seal |
Author | Grant M. Skerlec |
Link | Web page |
Store | AAPG Store |
Pressure gradients and the resulting buoyant pressures are not always static. Both hydrodynamic flow and pressure transients change seal capacity.
Hydrodynamic flow
A hydrodynamic gradient will either increase or decrease the height of a trapped hydrocarbon column.[1][2][3] Flow in the direction of the buoyant vector decreases the seal capacity. Flow opposite the direction of the buoyant vector increases the seal capacity.
The hydrodynamic effect has been demonstrated to be important in trapping hydrocarbons in the Western Canada Basin[2][3]
Pressure transients
Fluid pressure gradients may fluctuate dramatically during faulting and basin evolution.[4] Estimates of trapping capacity based upon the capillary model assume a static pressure gradient or a uniform regional hydrodynamic gradient.
Measurements of fluid inclusions, however, suggest pressure transients along faults of as much as 126 MPa pressure::(1,825 psi).[5] Similar episodic fluid flow events are inferred from sandstone cements in the North Sea.[6]
Leakage through seals and seal capacity may be as episodic as hydrocarbon generation, migration, and pressure transients.
See also
- Seal capacity: pitfalls and limitations of estimation
- Displacement pressure: does the theory predict reality?
- Saturations required for hydrocarbon flow
- Seal capacity of breached and hydrocarbon-wet seals
References
- ↑ Schowalter, T. T., 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 723–760.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dahlberg, E. C., 1982, Applied Hydrodynamics in Petroleum Exploration: New York, Springer-Verlag, 161 p.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lerche, I. Thomsen, R. O., 1994, Hydrodynamics of Oil and Gas: New York, Plenum Press, 308 p.
- ↑ Sibson, R. H., J. Moore, and A. H. Rankin, 1975, Seismic pumping—a hydrothermal fluid transport mechanism: Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 131, p. 653–659., 10., 1144/gsjgs., 131., 6., 0653
- ↑ Parry, W. T., and R. L. Bruhn, 1990, Fluid pressure transients on seismogenic normal faults: Tectonophysics, vol. 179, no. 3–4, p. 335–344., 10., 1016/0040-1951(90)90299-N
- ↑ Robinson, A., J. Gluyas, 1992, Duration of quartz cementation in sandstones, North Sea and Haltenbanken basins: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 324–327., 10., 1016/0264-8172(92)90081-O