Difference between revisions of "East Breaks overburden rock"

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Overburden rock is the total stratigraphic section above the [[source rock]].<ref name=ch04r61>Magoon, L. B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The Petroleum System--From Source to Trap: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1022 AAPG Memoir 60], p. 3–24.</ref> The thickness and age of overburden rock provides a history of the rate of burial of a [[source rock]] toward and through the increasing temperature domains of the basin. This includes the range of temperatures necessary for cracking kerogens into hydrocarbons. See also [[Kerogen type and hydrocarbon generation]].)
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Overburden rock is the total stratigraphic section above the [[source rock]].<ref name=ch04r61>Magoon, L. B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The Petroleum System--From Source to Trap: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1022 AAPG Memoir 60], p. 3–24.</ref> The thickness and age of overburden rock provides a history of the rate of burial of a [[source rock]] toward and through the increasing temperature domains of the basin. This includes the range of temperatures necessary for [[cracking]] kerogens into hydrocarbons. (See also [[Kerogen type and hydrocarbon generation]].)
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Because the depth to the probable [[source rocks]] of the East Breaks 160-161 field hydrocarbons is unknown, multiple working hypotheses must be considered. Four intervals of identified source rock are reported by Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40>Gross, O. P., K. C. Hood, L. M. Wenger, and S. C. Harrison, 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Abstracts, 1st Latin American Geophysical conference, p. 1–4.</ref> ([[:File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|Figure 1]]) and are plotted on [[:File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-45.png|Figure 2]]. Also plotted is the speculated middle Miocene source rock of Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29>Dow, W. G., M. A. Yukler, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt, and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 139–150.</ref> Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40 /> consider the petroleum of the East Breaks area to have been sourced by [[Jurassic]] marine mudstones for the oil and [[Paleogene]] marine mudstones for the gas. Alternatively, Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29 /> suggest middle [[Miocene]] marine mudstones as the probable source rock, although Taylor and Armentrout<ref name=ch04r93>Taylor, G. S., and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Rock geochemistry and relationships to produced oils from upper Pliocene turbidites, High Island area, Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 151–161.</ref> believe the source rock facies to be older than the Miocene slope mudstones.
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<gallery mode=packed heights=300px widths=300px>
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File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-5.png|{{figure number|1}}Map of hydrocarbon types based on analyses of more than 2000 oil, 600 gas, and 1200 seep samples correlated to specific source rocks. Modified from Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40 />
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File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-45.png|{{figure number|2}}Time scale from Haq et al.;<ref>Haq, B., J. Hardenbol, and P. R. Vail, 1988, Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigra- phy and cycles of sea-level change: SEPM Special Publication 42, p. 71–108.</ref> DOW represents source rock, generation, and critical moment estimates.<ref name=ch04r29 />
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</gallery>
  
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Because the depth to the probable [[source rocks]] of the East Breaks 160-161 field hydrocarbons is unknown, multiple working hypotheses must be considered. Four intervals of identified source rock are reported by Gross et al..<ref name=ch04r40>Gross, O. P., K. C. Hood, L. M. Wenger, and S. C. Harrison, 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Abstracts, 1st Latin American Geophysical conference, p. 1–4.</ref> (Figure 4-5) and are plotted on Figure 4-45. Also plotted is the speculated middle Miocene source rock of Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29>Dow, W. G., M. A. Yukler, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt, and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 139–150.</ref> Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40 />) consider the petroleum of the East Breaks area to have been sourced by [[Jurassic]] marine mudstones for the oil and [[Paleogene]] marine mudstones for the gas. Alternatively, Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29 />) suggest middle [[Miocene]] marine mudstones as the probable source rock, although Taylor and Armentrout<ref name=ch04r93>Taylor, G. S., and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Rock geochemistry and relationships to produced oils from upper Pliocene turbidites, High Island area, Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 151–161.</ref> believe the source rock facies to be older than the Miocene slope mudstones.
 
  
 
==Rate of accumulation==
 
==Rate of accumulation==
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Accumulation of overburden above these five potential source rocks is shown by a dashed line on the events chart (Figure 4-45), indicating no specific rate of accumulation until the interval of late [[Pliocene]] to [[Holocene]] sedimentation where rate variation is shown as defined by Piggott and Pulham.<ref name=ch04r75>Piggott, N., and A. Pulham, 1993, Sedimentation rate as the control on hydrocarbon sourcing, generation, and migration in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 14th Annual Research conference, p. 179–191.</ref> Figures 4-32 and 4-33 indicate a major increase in rate of sediment accumulation occurred 6 Ma, which would accelerate burial of potential source rocks into the thermal zone for [[Petroleum generation|hydrocarbon generation]].
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<gallery mode=packed heights=300px widths=300px>
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File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-32.png|{{figure number|3}}Rock thickness vs. time plot for nine key wells south of east- ern Louisiana within the area of the 6–4 Ma [[depocenter]]. After Piggott and Pulham;<ref name=PP>Piggott, N., and A. Pulham, 1993, Sedimentation rate as the control on hydrocarbon sourcing, generation, and migration in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 14th Annual Research Conference, p. 179–191.</ref> courtesy Gulf Coast SEPM
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File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-33.png|{{figure number|4}}Rock accumulation rates for the Green Canyon 166 No. 1 well, as a histogram (lower graph) and as a set of burial history curves (upper graph). After Piggott and Pulham;<ref name=PP /> courtesy Gulf Coast SEPM.
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</gallery>
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Accumulation of overburden above these five potential source rocks is shown by a dashed line on the events chart ([[:File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-45.png|Figure 2]]), indicating no specific rate of accumulation until the interval of late [[Pliocene]] to [[Holocene]] sedimentation where rate variation is shown as defined by Piggott and Pulham.<ref name=ch04r75>Piggott, N., and A. Pulham, 1993, Sedimentation rate as the control on hydrocarbon sourcing, generation, and migration in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 14th Annual Research conference, p. 179–191.</ref> [[:File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-32.png|Figures 3]] and [[:File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-33.png|4]] indicate a major increase in rate of sediment accumulation occurred 6 Ma, which would accelerate burial of potential source rocks into the thermal zone for [[Petroleum generation|hydrocarbon generation]].
  
 
==Amount==
 
==Amount==
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Drilling has documented that the East Breaks depocenter in the vicinity of the 160-161 field contains at least [[depth::15,000 ft]] (5000 m) of upper [[Miocene]] to [[Holocene]] sediment (Figure 4-43). Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29 />) use this thickness in calculating [[maturation]] and generation models. The thickness of overburden rock for any one of the older potential [[source rock]] intervals will be greater than [[depth::15,000 ft]] (5000 m), but the exact amount is highly speculative.
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[[File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-43.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|5}}North–south seismic section through the East Breaks 160-161 intraslope [[minibasin]], showing the location of the East Breaks 160-161 field.]]
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Drilling has documented that the East Breaks [[depocenter]] in the vicinity of the 160-161 field contains at least [[depth::15,000 ft]] (5000 m) of upper [[Miocene]] to [[Holocene]] sediment ([[:File:Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-43.png|Figure 5]]). Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29 /> use this thickness in calculating [[maturation]] and generation models. The thickness of overburden rock for any one of the older potential [[source rock]] intervals will be greater than [[depth::15,000 ft]] (5000 m), but the exact amount is highly speculative.
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
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[[Category:Sedimentary basin analysis]]
 
[[Category:Sedimentary basin analysis]]
 
[[Category:East Breaks]]
 
[[Category:East Breaks]]
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[[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]]

Latest revision as of 19:41, 22 March 2022

Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
Series Treatise in Petroleum Geology
Part Critical elements of the petroleum system
Chapter Sedimentary basin analysis
Author John M. Armentrout
Link Web page
Store AAPG Store

Overburden rock is the total stratigraphic section above the source rock.[1] The thickness and age of overburden rock provides a history of the rate of burial of a source rock toward and through the increasing temperature domains of the basin. This includes the range of temperatures necessary for cracking kerogens into hydrocarbons. (See also Kerogen type and hydrocarbon generation.)

Because the depth to the probable source rocks of the East Breaks 160-161 field hydrocarbons is unknown, multiple working hypotheses must be considered. Four intervals of identified source rock are reported by Gross et al.[2] (Figure 1) and are plotted on Figure 2. Also plotted is the speculated middle Miocene source rock of Dow et al.[3] Gross et al.[2] consider the petroleum of the East Breaks area to have been sourced by Jurassic marine mudstones for the oil and Paleogene marine mudstones for the gas. Alternatively, Dow et al.[3] suggest middle Miocene marine mudstones as the probable source rock, although Taylor and Armentrout[4] believe the source rock facies to be older than the Miocene slope mudstones.

  • Figure 1 Map of hydrocarbon types based on analyses of more than 2000 oil, 600 gas, and 1200 seep samples correlated to specific source rocks. Modified from Gross et al.[2]

  • Figure 2 Time scale from Haq et al.;[5] DOW represents source rock, generation, and critical moment estimates.[3]


Rate of accumulation

  • Figure 3 Rock thickness vs. time plot for nine key wells south of east- ern Louisiana within the area of the 6–4 Ma depocenter. After Piggott and Pulham;[6] courtesy Gulf Coast SEPM

  • Figure 4 Rock accumulation rates for the Green Canyon 166 No. 1 well, as a histogram (lower graph) and as a set of burial history curves (upper graph). After Piggott and Pulham;[6] courtesy Gulf Coast SEPM.

Accumulation of overburden above these five potential source rocks is shown by a dashed line on the events chart (Figure 2), indicating no specific rate of accumulation until the interval of late Pliocene to Holocene sedimentation where rate variation is shown as defined by Piggott and Pulham.[7] Figures 3 and 4 indicate a major increase in rate of sediment accumulation occurred 6 Ma, which would accelerate burial of potential source rocks into the thermal zone for hydrocarbon generation.

Amount

Figure 5 North–south seismic section through the East Breaks 160-161 intraslope minibasin, showing the location of the East Breaks 160-161 field.

Drilling has documented that the East Breaks depocenter in the vicinity of the 160-161 field contains at least depth::15,000 ft (5000 m) of upper Miocene to Holocene sediment (Figure 5). Dow et al.[3] use this thickness in calculating maturation and generation models. The thickness of overburden rock for any one of the older potential source rock intervals will be greater than depth::15,000 ft (5000 m), but the exact amount is highly speculative.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Magoon, L. B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The Petroleum System--From Source to Trap: AAPG Memoir 60, p. 3–24.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Gross, O. P., K. C. Hood, L. M. Wenger, and S. C. Harrison, 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Abstracts, 1st Latin American Geophysical conference, p. 1–4.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Dow, W. G., M. A. Yukler, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt, and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 139–150.
  4. ↑ Taylor, G. S., and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Rock geochemistry and relationships to produced oils from upper Pliocene turbidites, High Island area, Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 151–161.
  5. ↑ Haq, B., J. Hardenbol, and P. R. Vail, 1988, Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigra- phy and cycles of sea-level change: SEPM Special Publication 42, p. 71–108.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Piggott, N., and A. Pulham, 1993, Sedimentation rate as the control on hydrocarbon sourcing, generation, and migration in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 14th Annual Research Conference, p. 179–191.
  7. ↑ Piggott, N., and A. Pulham, 1993, Sedimentation rate as the control on hydrocarbon sourcing, generation, and migration in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 14th Annual Research conference, p. 179–191.

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