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==Species distribution and oxygen concentration==
 
==Species distribution and oxygen concentration==
Lagoe<ref name=ch17r54>Lagoe, M., B., 1987, The stratigraphic record of sea-level and climatic fluctuations in an active-margin basin: the Stevens Sandstone, Coles Levee area, California: Palaios, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 48–68., 10., 2307/3514572</ref> recognizes four [[Fossil assemblage|biofacies]] of benthic foraminiferal species in the upper Miocene [[Stevens Sandstone]] of the southern [[San Joaquin Valley]]. He demonstrates that the biofacies distribution was largely controlled by changes in oxygen concentration caused by fluctuations in the position and intensity of low-oxygen water within the oxygen minimum zone.
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Lagoe<ref name=ch17r54>Lagoe, M. B., 1987, The stratigraphic record of sea-level and climatic fluctuations in an active-margin basin: the Stevens Sandstone, Coles Levee area, California: Palaios, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 48–68., 10., 2307/3514572</ref> recognizes four [[Fossil assemblage|biofacies]] of benthic foraminiferal species in the upper Miocene [[Stevens Sandstone]] of the southern [[San Joaquin Valley]]. He demonstrates that the biofacies distribution was largely controlled by changes in oxygen concentration caused by fluctuations in the position and intensity of low-oxygen water within the oxygen minimum zone.
    
In [[:file:applied-paleontology_fig17-17.png|Figure 1]], biofacies associations reflect different and distinctive populations living in different paleoenvironments. Biofacies are arranged from left to right in order of inferred increasing oxygen concentration. The stratigraphic distribution strongly suggests systematic shifts in oxygen concentration.
 
In [[:file:applied-paleontology_fig17-17.png|Figure 1]], biofacies associations reflect different and distinctive populations living in different paleoenvironments. Biofacies are arranged from left to right in order of inferred increasing oxygen concentration. The stratigraphic distribution strongly suggests systematic shifts in oxygen concentration.

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