Changes

==Udden-Wentworth Grain Scale==

==Udden-Wentworth Grain Scale==

[[File:Sandstone_Fig-1.png|center|100px|frame|Fig 1. Udden-Wentworth Grain Scale (Sand scale) (Derived from Nichols)<ref name=Nichols>Nichols, Gary. 2009. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Second Edition. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.</ref>]]

[[File:Sandstone_Fig-1.png|thumb|300px|Fig 1. Udden-Wentworth Grain Scale (Sand scale) (Derived from Nichols)<ref name=Nichols>Nichols, Gary. 2009. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Second Edition. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.</ref>]]

Sand grain size has a wide range of scale, from very coarse sand until very find sand. For the grain size measurement, its use a formula proposed by Krumbein in 1934, is based on the following relationship :

Sand grain size has a wide range of scale, from very coarse sand until very find sand. For the grain size measurement, its use a formula proposed by Krumbein in 1934, is based on the following relationship :

==Characterisics Of Major Classes Sandstones==

==Characterisics Of Major Classes Sandstones==

[[File:Sandstone_Fig-2.png|center|frame|300px|Fig. 2. Pettijohn Classification of Sandstone (Derived from Nichols)<ref name=Nichols />]]

[[File:Sandstone_Fig-2.png|thumb|300px|Fig. 2. Pettijohn Classification of Sandstone (Derived from Nichols)<ref name=Nichols />]]

The kind of sandstones was classified by Pettijohn, 1975. This classification based on the main component of sandstone. Most sandstones are made up of mixtures o a very small number of dominant framework components, like quartz, feldspars, and rock fragments are commonly abundant enough to be important in sandstone classification.

The kind of sandstones was classified by Pettijohn, 1975. This classification based on the main component of sandstone. Most sandstones are made up of mixtures o a very small number of dominant framework components, like quartz, feldspars, and rock fragments are commonly abundant enough to be important in sandstone classification.

Compaction The load pressure caused by deeeper burial increase in the tightness of grain packing, decrease the porosity and thin of sediments. Increase pressure at the contact between grains cause the partial dissolution of grains, it produce the sutured grain. Chemical compaction decrease the porosity and increase the bed thinning. Deep burial cause decrease the sand porosity dramatically.

Compaction The load pressure caused by deeeper burial increase in the tightness of grain packing, decrease the porosity and thin of sediments. Increase pressure at the contact between grains cause the partial dissolution of grains, it produce the sutured grain. Chemical compaction decrease the porosity and increase the bed thinning. Deep burial cause decrease the sand porosity dramatically.

[[File:Sandstone_Fig-3.png|center|frame|Fig. 3. Porosity and Compaction (Derived form Nichols)<ref name=Nichols />]]

[[File:Sandstone_Fig-3.png|thumb|300px|Fig. 3. Porosity and Compaction (Derived form Nichols)<ref name=Nichols />]]

Chemical processes and changes increase in temperature during deep burial also increase rate of chemical reaction.

Chemical processes and changes increase in temperature during deep burial also increase rate of chemical reaction.

::Δ: Pressure gradient

::Δ: Pressure gradient

::A: Cross-sectional area

::A: Cross-sectional area

::μ: Fluid viscosity (centipoise)

::μ: Fluid [[viscosity]] (centipoise)