Difference between revisions of "Basin-centered gas systems: development"

From AAPG Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 62: Line 62:
 
| Big Horn basin, Wyoming || High || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_1999 />
 
| Big Horn basin, Wyoming || High || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_1999 />
 
|-
 
|-
−
| asdf
+
| Wind River basn, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_1996 />
 +
|-
 +
| Greater Green River basin, Wyoming || High || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Law et al.,<ref name=Lawetal_1979 /> Law et al.,<ref name=Lawetal_1980 /> McPeek,<ref name=Mcpeek_1981 /> Law,<ref name=Law_1984 /> Law et al.<ref name=Lawetal_1989 />
 +
|-
 +
| Hanna basin, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Popov et al.,<ref name=Popovetal_2001 /> Wilson et al.<ref name=Wilsonetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Powder River basin, Wyoming || High || Cretaceous || ? || Surdam et al.,<ref name=Surdametal_1994 /> Maucione et al.<ref name=Maucioneetal_1994 />
 +
|-
 +
| Wasatch Plateau, Utah || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Uinta basin, Utah || High || Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct || Fouch et al.,<ref name=Fouchetal_1992 /> Fouch and Schmoker,<ref name=Fouchandschmoker_1996 /> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Piceance basin, Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.,<ref name=Johnsonetal_1987 /> Spencer,<ref name=Spencer_1987 /> Spencer<ref name=Spencer_1989a />
 +
|-
 +
| South Park basin, Colorado || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Raton basin, New Mexico and Colorado || High || Tertiary/Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Johnson and Finn,<ref name=Johnsonandfinn_2001 /> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Denver basin, Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct/Indirect || Higley et al.,<ref name=Higleyetal_1992 /> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| San Juan basin, New Mexico and Colorado || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Silver,<ref name=Silver_1950 /> Masters,<ref name=Masters_1979 /> Huffman<ref name=Huffman_1996 />
 +
|-
 +
| Permian basin, New Mexico || High || Permian || Indirect/Direct || Broadhead,<ref name=Broadhead_1984 /> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Albuquerque basin, New Mexico || Moderate/High || Cretaceous || Direct || Johnson et al.<ref name=Johnsonetal_2001 /> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Anadarko basin, Oklahoma || High || Pennsylvanian || Indirect || Al-Shaieb et al.,<ref name=Alshaiebetal_1994 /> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Midcontinent Rift, Minnesota and Iowa || Low/Moderate || Precambrian || Indirect/Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Arkoma basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma || High || Pennsylvanian || Direct || Meckel et al.,<ref name=Meckeletal_1992 /> Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Gulf Coast, United States || High || Cretaceous || Indirect || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| East Texas basin, Texas || High || Jurassic || Indirect ? || Montgomery and Karlewiz,<ref name=Montgomeryandkarlewicz_2001 /> Emme and Stancil<ref name=Emmeandstancil_2002 />
 +
|-
 +
| Black Warrior basin, Alabama and Mississippi || Moderate/High || Pennsylvanian || Direct || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Michigan basin, Michigan || Low/Moderate || Ordovician || ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001 />
 +
|-
 +
| Appalachian basin, eastern United States || High || Silurian/Devonian || Indirect || Davis,<ref name=Davis_1984 /> Law and Spencer,<ref name=Lawandspencer_1993 /> Law and Spencer,<ref name=Lawandspencer_1998 /> Popov et al.,<ref name=Popovetal_2001 /> Ryder and Zagorski<ref name=Ryderandzagorski_2003>Ryder, R. T., and W. A. Zagorski, 2003, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2003/05may/0847/0847.HTM Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 87, no. 5, p. 847-872.</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| colspan=5 | <div style="text-align: center;">'''SOUTH AMERICA'''</div>
 +
|-
 +
|ASDF
 
|}
 
|}
  

Revision as of 18:31, 12 January 2015

Basin-centered gas systems
Series AAPG Bulletin, November 2002
Author Ben E. Law
Link Web page

The developmental history of a basin-centered gas system (BCGS) may be viewed as four reservoir pressure cycles. As a consequence of the dynamic nature of geologic processes and the response to those processes, the phases discussed here are geologically ephemeral. Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation showing these pressure phases and the development of direct and indirect BCGSs. Meissner[1] and Law and Dickinson[2] discussed these phase changes for gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing evolution of direct and indirect basin-centered gas systems. Evolutionary phases are shown along the side of each system.

Phase I

Direct and indirect systems

During the early burial and thermal histories of direct and indirect systems, the reservoirs are, for the most part, normally pressured, and the fluid phase in the pore system is 100% water saturated (Figure 1). Compaction of framework grains during this phase is an important process. The defining processes for each system, however, are different. For direct systems, phase I terminates with the initiation of thermal gas generation, whereas the termination of phase I in indirect systems occurs with the initiation of thermal cracking of oil to gas. Reservoir quality in indirect systems during phase I is assumed to be relatively better than reservoir quality in direct systems because buoyant accumulations of oil require better porosity and permeability.

During phase I there may be some cases in which reservoir pressures are overpressured. Law and Spencer[3] suggested that in the early burial stages of a basin-centered gas accumulation (BCGA) sequence, prior to the development of a recognizable BCGA, and in some depositional settings of rapid sedimentation, compaction disequilibrium may have been the initial overpressuring mechanism. In this scenario, the pressuring fluid phase is water. However, as the sequence experiences further burial and hotter temperatures, the compaction disequilibrium pressure mechanism may be replaced by hydrocarbon generation and the development of abnormally high pressures characterized by pore fluids composed of gas and little or no water. A possible example of the transition of pressure mechanisms from compaction disequilibrium to hydrocarbon generation may be present in Miocene and Pliocene rocks in the Bekes basin[4] and the Mako trench (B. E. Law, 2000, unpublished data) of Hungary. In these areas, Miocene and Pliocene rocks are overpressured and possess many of the distinguishing characteristics of a BCGA. The overpressures in Miocene rocks appear to be caused by hydrocarbon generation, whereas overlying, overpressured Pliocene rocks appear to be in a transitional pressure phase between compaction disequilibrium and hydrocarbon generation. In this case, a knowledge of pore fluid composition (mainly gas or mainly water) in the Pliocene sequence would offer considerable insight in resolving the problem.

Phase II

Direct systems

Direct systems require gas-prone source rocks and low-permeability reservoirs in close proximity to each other. As the source and reservoir rocks undergo further burial and exposure to increasing temperatures, the source rocks begin to generate gas (Figure 1). Concomitant with increased gas generation, expulsion, and migration, gas begins to enter adjacent, water-wet sandstones. Because these sandstones have low permeability, the rate at which gas is generated and accumulated in reservoirs is greater than the rate at which gas is lost. Eventually, as newly generated gas accumulates in the pore system, the capillary pressure of the water-wet pores is exceeded, and free, mobile water is expelled from the pore system, resulting in the development of an overpressured, gas-saturated reservoir with little or no free water. Examples of BCGA systems exhibiting this overpressured phase include the Greater Green River,[5] Wind River,[6] Big Horn,[7] and Piceance basins[8] in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States and the Taranaki Basin in New Zealand (B. E. Law, 2000, unpublished data) (Table 1).

Table 1 Selected areas or basins containing known or suspected basin-centered gas systems
Area Level of certainty Age Type of system Reference
NORTH AMERICA
Colville basin, Alaska High Cretaceous Direct ? Popov et al.[9]
Central Alaska basins Low/Moderate ? ? Popov et al.[9]
Cook Inlet, Alaska Low pre-Tertiary ? Popov et al.[9]
Norton Basin, Alaska High Eocene/Paleocene Direct Smith[10]
Alberta basin, Canada High Cretaceous Direct Masters[11][12]
Charlotte-Georgia Basin, Canada Low/Moderate Tertiary/Cretaceous Direct ?
Willamette-Puget Sound Trough, Washington and Oregon Moderate/High Tertiary Direct ? Law,[13] Popov et al.[9]
Columbia basin, Washington High Tertiary Direct Law et al.,[14] Law[13]
Modoc Plateau, California Low/Moderate Cretaceous Direct ? Popov et al.[9]
Sacramento/San Joaquin basins, California Low/Moderate Cretaceous ? Popov et al.[9]
Great Basin, Nevada Low Tertiary ? ? Popov et al.[9]
Snake River Plain, Idaho Low/Moderate Tertiary ? ? Popov et al.[9]
Big Horn basin, Wyoming High Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous Direct Johnson et al.[7]
Wind River basn, Wyoming High Cretaceous Direct Johnson et al.[6]
Greater Green River basin, Wyoming High Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous Direct Law et al.,[15] Law et al.,[16] McPeek,[17] Law,[5] Law et al.[18]
Hanna basin, Wyoming High Cretaceous Direct Popov et al.,[9] Wilson et al.[19]
Powder River basin, Wyoming High Cretaceous ? Surdam et al.,[20] Maucione et al.[21]
Wasatch Plateau, Utah Moderate/High Cretaceous Direct Popov et al.[9]
Uinta basin, Utah High Lower Tertiary/Cretaceous Direct Fouch et al.,[22] Fouch and Schmoker,[23] Popov et al.[9]
Piceance basin, Colorado High Cretaceous Direct Johnson et al.,[8] Spencer,[24] Spencer[25]
South Park basin, Colorado Moderate/High Cretaceous Direct/Indirect Popov et al.[9]
Raton basin, New Mexico and Colorado High Tertiary/Cretaceous Direct/Indirect Johnson and Finn,[26] Popov et al.[9]
Denver basin, Colorado High Cretaceous Direct/Indirect Higley et al.,[27] Popov et al.[9]
San Juan basin, New Mexico and Colorado High Cretaceous Direct Silver,[28] Masters,[11] Huffman[29]
Permian basin, New Mexico High Permian Indirect/Direct Broadhead,[30] Popov et al.[9]
Albuquerque basin, New Mexico Moderate/High Cretaceous Direct Johnson et al.[31] Popov et al.[9]
Anadarko basin, Oklahoma High Pennsylvanian Indirect Al-Shaieb et al.,[32] Popov et al.[9]
Midcontinent Rift, Minnesota and Iowa Low/Moderate Precambrian Indirect/Direct Popov et al.[9]
Arkoma basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma High Pennsylvanian Direct Meckel et al.,[33] Popov et al.[9]
Gulf Coast, United States High Cretaceous Indirect Popov et al.[9]
East Texas basin, Texas High Jurassic Indirect ? Montgomery and Karlewiz,[34] Emme and Stancil[35]
Black Warrior basin, Alabama and Mississippi Moderate/High Pennsylvanian Direct Popov et al.[9]
Michigan basin, Michigan Low/Moderate Ordovician ? Popov et al.[9]
Appalachian basin, eastern United States High Silurian/Devonian Indirect Davis,[36] Law and Spencer,[37] Law and Spencer,[3] Popov et al.,[9] Ryder and Zagorski[38]
SOUTH AMERICA
ASDF

Indirect systems

asdf

Phase III

asdf

Phase IV

asdf




References

  1. ↑ Meissner, F. Fm 1978, Patterns of source-rock maturity in non-marine source rocks of some typical western interior basins in non-marine Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous source rocks and the occurrence of oil and gas in the west central U.S.:Roky Mountain Association of Geologists Continuing Education Notes, unpaginated.
  2. ↑ Law, B. E., and W. W. Dickinson, 1985, A conceptual model for the origin of abnormally pressured gas accumulations in low-permeability reservoirs: AAPG Bulletin, v. 69, p. 1295-1304.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Law, B. E., and C. W. Spencer, 1998, Abnormal pressure in hydrocarbon environments, in B. E. Law, G. F. Ulmishek, and V. I. Slavin, eds., Abnormal pressures in hydrocarbon environments: AAPG Memoir 70, p. 1-11.
  4. ↑ Spencer, C. W., A. Szalay, and E. Tatar, 1994, Abnormal pressure and hydrocarbon migration in the Bekes basin, in P. G. Teleki, R. E. Mattick, and J. Kokai, eds., Basin analysis in petroleum exploration: Dordrecht Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p. 201-219.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Law_1984
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Johnsonetal_1996
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Johnsonetal_1999
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Johnsonetal_1987
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Popovetal_2001
  10. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Smith_1994
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Masters_1979
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Masters_1984
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Law_1996
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lawetal_1994
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lawetal_1979
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lawetal_1980
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Mcpeek_1981
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lawetal_1989
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Wilsonetal_2001
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Surdametal_1994
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Maucioneetal_1994
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Fouchetal_1992
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Fouchandschmoker_1996
  24. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Spencer_1987
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Spencer_1989a
  26. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Johnsonandfinn_2001
  27. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Higleyetal_1992
  28. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Silver_1950
  29. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Huffman_1996
  30. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Broadhead_1984
  31. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Johnsonetal_2001
  32. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Alshaiebetal_1994
  33. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Meckeletal_1992
  34. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Montgomeryandkarlewicz_2001
  35. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Emmeandstancil_2002
  36. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Davis_1984
  37. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Lawandspencer_1993
  38. ↑ Ryder, R. T., and W. A. Zagorski, 2003, Nature, origin, and production characteristics of the Lower Silurian regional oil and gas accumulation, central Appalachian basin, United States: AAPG Bulletin, v. 87, no. 5, p. 847-872.

See also

External links

find literature about
Basin-centered gas systems: development 		Datapages button.png GeoScienceWorld button.png OnePetro button.png Google button.png
Retrieved from "https://wiki.aapg.org/index.php?title=Basin-centered_gas_systems:_development&oldid=17723"