Changes

The capacity of a fault to leak or seal hydrocarbons is largely controlled by the smear–gouge ratio (SGR). The SGR is an estimate of the composition of that portion of the fault zone through which leakage or seal must occur. We calculate the SGR by measuring the cumulative shale and sand that has moved past that zone. A fault cross-leaks or dip-leaks if the sand–shale ratio is high in the zone (high SGR). A fault cross-seals or dip-seals if the sand–shale ratio is low in the zone (low SGR).

The capacity of a fault to leak or seal hydrocarbons is largely controlled by the smear–gouge ratio (SGR). The SGR is an estimate of the composition of that portion of the fault zone through which leakage or seal must occur. We calculate the SGR by measuring the cumulative shale and sand that has moved past that zone. A fault cross-leaks or dip-leaks if the sand–shale ratio is high in the zone (high SGR). A fault cross-seals or dip-seals if the sand–shale ratio is low in the zone (low SGR).

Several other algorithms for estimating gouge composition exist.<ref name=ch10r7>Bouvier, J., D., Kaars-Sijpesteigen, C., H., Kluesner, D., F., Onyejekwe, C., C., Vander Pal, R., C., 1989, Three-dimensional [[seismic interpretation]] and fault sealing investigations, Nun River field, Nigeria: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 73, no. 11, p. 1397–1414.</ref><ref name=ch10r3>Allard, D., M., 1993, Fault leak controlled trap fill, rift basin examples (abs.), in Ebanks, J., Kaldi, J., Vavra, C., eds., Seals and Traps: A Multidisciplinary Approach: AAPG Hedberg conference, Crested Butte, Colorado, June 21–23.</ref><ref name=ch10r40>Jev, B., I., Kaars-Sijpesteign, C., H., Peters, M., P., A., M., Watts, N., W., Wilkie, J., T., 1993, Akaso field, Nigeria: use of integrated 3-D seismic, fault-slicing, clay smearing and RFT pressure data on fault trapping and dynamic leakage: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 77, no. 8, p. 1389–1404.</ref><ref name=ch10r32>Gibson, R., G., 1994, Fault-zone seals in siliciclastic strata of the Columbus basin, offshore Trinidad: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 78, no. 9, p. 1372–1385.</ref><ref name=ch10r97>Yielding, G., Freeman, B., Needham, D., T., 1997, Quantitative fault seal prediction: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 81, no. 6, p. 897–917.</ref> All have established a relationship between the actual seal behavior and inferred gouge composition.

Several other algorithms for estimating gouge composition exist.<ref name=ch10r7>Bouvier, J., D., Kaars-Sijpesteigen, C., H., Kluesner, D., F., Onyejekwe, C., C., Vander Pal, R., C., 1989, Three-dimensional [[seismic interpretation]] and fault sealing investigations, Nun River field, Nigeria: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 73, no. 11, p. 1397–1414.</ref><ref name=ch10r3>Allard, D., M., 1993, Fault leak controlled trap fill, rift basin examples (abs.), in Ebanks, J., Kaldi, J., Vavra, C., eds., Seals and Traps: A Multidisciplinary Approach: AAPG Hedberg conference, Crested Butte, Colorado, June 21–23.</ref><ref name=ch10r40>Jev, B., I., Kaars-Sijpesteign, C., H., Peters, M., P., A., M., Watts, N., W., Wilkie, J., T., 1993, Akaso field, Nigeria: use of integrated 3-D seismic, fault-slicing, clay smearing and RFT pressure data on fault trapping and dynamic leakage: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 77, no. 8, p. 1389–1404.</ref><ref name=ch10r32>Gibson, R., G., 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1994-96/data/pg/0078/0009/1350/1372.htm Fault-zone seals in siliciclastic strata of the Columbus basin, offshore Trinidad]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 78, no. 9, p. 1372–1385.</ref><ref name=ch10r97>Yielding, G., Freeman, B., Needham, D., T., 1997, Quantitative fault seal prediction: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 81, no. 6, p. 897–917.</ref> All have established a relationship between the actual seal behavior and inferred gouge composition.

==Procedure==

==Procedure==