Changes

  | isbn    = 0-89181-602-X

  | isbn    = 0-89181-602-X

}}

}}

==Vertical [[migration]] path==

==Vertical migration path==

Petroleum generated at depth, either from the middle Miocene as suggested by Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29>Dow, W. G., Yukler, M. A., Senftle, J. T., Kennicutt, M. C.,  and Armentrout, J. M., 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 139–150.</ref> or the lower Tertiary or upper Jurassic as suggested by Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40>Gross, O. P., Hood, K. C., Wenger, L. M., Harrison, S. C., 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Abstracts, 1st Latin American Geophysical conference, p. 1–4.</ref> had to move vertically within the East Breaks 160-161 minibasin to charge the known gravity-flow sandstone reservoirs. The deepwater lowstand gravity-flow reservoir sandstones are separated by hemipelagic mudstones deposited during condensed sedimentation of each cycle. [[Migration]] through matrix [[porosity]] of these effective top-seal mudstones is highly unlikely. Thus, vertical migration along faults is the most probable avenue. Episodic movement on the faults would result in multiple phases of migration and could account for the observed mix of oils of different maturities within the same structure<ref name=ch04r86>Schanck, J., W., Cobb, C., C., Ivey, M., L. Jr., 1988, East Breaks 160 field on the offshore Texas shelf edge: a model for deepwater exploration and development: Proceedings, 20th Annual Offshore Technology conference, p. 157–162.</ref> and the mix of biodegraded and nonbiodegraded oil in the same reservoir (Dow et al.;<ref name=ch04r29 /> see also Anderson<ref name=ch04r1>Anderson, R., N., 1993, [http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-91/issue-17/in-this-issue/exploration/recovering-dynamic-gulf-of-mexico-reserves-and-the-us-energy-future.html Recovering dynamic Gulf of Mexico reserves and the U., S. energy future]: Oil & Gas Journal, 26 April 1993, p. 85–88, 90–92.</ref> and Anderson et al<ref name=ch04r2>Anderson, R., N., Flemings, P., Losh, S., Austin, J., Woodhams, R., 1994, [http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-92/issue-23/in-this-issue/exploration/gulf-of-mexico-growth-fault-drilled-seen-as-oil-gas-migration-pathway.html Gulf of Mexico growth fault drilled, seen as oil, gas migration pathway]: Oil & Gas Journal, 6 June 1994, p. 97–104.</ref> for migration model).

Petroleum generated at depth, either from the middle Miocene as suggested by Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29>Dow, W. G., Yukler, M. A., Senftle, J. T., Kennicutt, M. C.,  and Armentrout, J. M., 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gulf Coast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 139–150.</ref> or the lower Tertiary or upper Jurassic as suggested by Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40>Gross, O. P., Hood, K. C., Wenger, L. M., Harrison, S. C., 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf of Mexico basin: Abstracts, 1st Latin American Geophysical conference, p. 1–4.</ref> had to move vertically within the East Breaks 160-161 minibasin to charge the known gravity-flow sandstone reservoirs. The deepwater lowstand gravity-flow reservoir sandstones are separated by hemipelagic mudstones deposited during condensed sedimentation of each cycle. [[Migration]] through matrix [[porosity]] of these effective top-seal mudstones is highly unlikely. Thus, vertical migration along faults is the most probable avenue. Episodic movement on the faults would result in multiple phases of migration and could account for the observed mix of oils of different maturities within the same structure<ref name=ch04r86>Schanck, J., W., Cobb, C., C., Ivey, M., L. Jr., 1988, East Breaks 160 field on the offshore Texas shelf edge: a model for deepwater exploration and development: Proceedings, 20th Annual Offshore Technology conference, p. 157–162.</ref> and the mix of biodegraded and nonbiodegraded oil in the same reservoir (Dow et al.;<ref name=ch04r29 /> see also Anderson<ref name=ch04r1>Anderson, R., N., 1993, [http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-91/issue-17/in-this-issue/exploration/recovering-dynamic-gulf-of-mexico-reserves-and-the-us-energy-future.html Recovering dynamic Gulf of Mexico reserves and the U., S. energy future]: Oil & Gas Journal, 26 April 1993, p. 85–88, 90–92.</ref> and Anderson et al<ref name=ch04r2>Anderson, R., N., Flemings, P., Losh, S., Austin, J., Woodhams, R., 1994, [http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-92/issue-23/in-this-issue/exploration/gulf-of-mexico-growth-fault-drilled-seen-as-oil-gas-migration-pathway.html Gulf of Mexico growth fault drilled, seen as oil, gas migration pathway]: Oil & Gas Journal, 6 June 1994, p. 97–104.</ref> for migration model).