Difference between revisions of "Diagenesis: information from petrology"
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| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | | part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | ||
| chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps | | chapter = Exploring for stratigraphic traps | ||
| − | | frompg = 21- | + | | frompg = 21-64 |
| − | | topg = 21- | + | | topg = 21-64 |
| author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks | | author = John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks | ||
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm | | link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch21/ch21.htm | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| isbn = 0-89181-602-X | | isbn = 0-89181-602-X | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | Petrophysical, petrological, geochemical, production, pressure, and other subsurface data must be used to locate diagenetic traps. Petrological data, in conjunction with subsurface shows, can be a powerful tool in mapping and predicting traps. | + | Petrophysical, petrological, geochemical, production, [[Production testing|pressure]], and other subsurface data must be used to locate diagenetic traps. Petrological data, in conjunction with subsurface shows, can be a powerful tool in mapping and predicting traps. |
==Using petrological information== | ==Using petrological information== | ||
| − | Petrographic data can provide information about migration timing, trap preservation, and facies vs. diagenetic controls on hydrocarbon distribution. The table below lists examples of applying petrological information. | + | Petrographic data can provide information about [[migration]] timing, [[trap]] preservation, and [[Lithofacies|facies]] vs. [[Diagenesis|diagenetic]] controls on [[hydrocarbon]] distribution. The table below lists examples of applying petrological information. |
{| class = "wikitable" | {| class = "wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! Petrological information | + | ! Petrological information || Exploration significance || Exploration application |
| − | |||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Oil-filled fluid inclusions in reservoir or carrier beds | + | | Oil-filled fluid inclusions in reservoir or carrier beds || Indicates migration pathways and absolute timing of migration || Migration routes that existed during migration |
| − | | Indicates migration pathways and absolute timing of migration | ||
| − | | Migration routes that existed during migration | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Oil-filled fluid inclusions in seals | + | | Oil-filled fluid inclusions in seals || Indicates leaky seals and timing of [[leakage]] || [[Hydrocarbon column|Column]] height may be small and/or [[Dip|updip]] (spilled) accumulations may exist |
| − | | Indicates leaky seals and timing of [[leakage]] | ||
| − | | Column height may be small and/or updip (spilled) accumulations may exist | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Primary [[porosity]] preservation | + | | Primary [[porosity]] preservation || Indicates facies patterns may control hydrocarbon distribution || Map depositional facies |
| − | | Indicates facies patterns may control hydrocarbon distribution | ||
| − | | Map depositional facies | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Dissolution porosity present | + | | Dissolution porosity present || Diagenesis may be critical for trap location; mineralogy and/or facies may control location of dissolution porosity || Use [[sequence stratigraphy]], hydrologic, or thermal maturity models.<ref name=ch21r41>Tobin, R. C., 1991a, Diagenesis, thermal maturation and burial history of the Upper Cambrian Bonneterre Dolomite, southeastern Missouri: an interpretation of thermal history from petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence: Organic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p 142–152.</ref><ref name=ch21r42>Tobin, R. C., 1991b, Pore system evolution vs. paleotemperature in carbonate rocks: a predictable relationship?: Organic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 271., 10., 1016/0146-6380(91)90087-Z</ref><ref name=ch21r38>Read, J. F., C. Kerans, J. F. Sarg, and F. M. Wright, 1995, Milankovitch Sea-Level Changes, Cycles, and Reservoirs on Carbonate Platforms in Greenhouse and Ice-House Worlds: SEPM Short Course 35, 79 p.</ref><ref name=ch21r52>Wilson, M. D., ed., 1994, Reservoir quality Assessment and Prediction in Clastic Rocks: SEPM (Society of Sedimentary Geology) Short Course 30, 432 p.</ref> |
| − | | Diagenesis may be critical for trap location; mineralogy and/or facies may control location of dissolution porosity | ||
| − | | Use [[sequence stratigraphy]], hydrologic, or thermal maturity models.<ref name=ch21r41>Tobin, R. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Postmigration burial cements present | + | | Postmigration burial cements present || Indicates potential cementation of water leg || Map diagenetic facies |
| − | | Indicates potential cementation of water leg | ||
| − | | Map diagenetic facies | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-42.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Cambrian sandstones in the Lublin | + | [[file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-42.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Cambrian sandstones in the Lublin Basin (Poland) contain fluorescing oil inclusions trapped before the formation of [[quartz]] cements, which degraded the reservoir's quality. From Rick Tobin, unpublished data.]] |
==Example: using cementation timing== | ==Example: using cementation timing== | ||
| − | In the example shown in [[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-42.png|Figure 1]], Cambrian sandstones in the Lublin | + | In the example shown in [[:file:exploring-for-stratigraphic-traps_fig21-42.png|Figure 1]], [[Cambrian]] sandstones in the Lublin Basin (Poland) contain fluorescing oil inclusions trapped before the formation of [[quartz]] cements, which degraded the reservoir's quality. Oil traps could occur [[Dip|updip]] if [[seal]]s were present during the [[migration]] event. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Diagenetic impact on traps]] | * [[Diagenetic impact on traps]] | ||
* [[Types of diagenetic traps]] | * [[Types of diagenetic traps]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Diagenetic traps: criteria for recognition]] |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 66: | Line 54: | ||
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | [[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | ||
[[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]] | [[Category:Exploring for stratigraphic traps]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:38, 4 February 2022
| Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps | |
| |
| Series | Treatise in Petroleum Geology |
|---|---|
| Part | Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps |
| Chapter | Exploring for stratigraphic traps |
| Author | John C. Dolson, Mike S. Bahorich, Rick C. Tobin, Edward A. Beaumont, Louis J. Terlikoski, Michael L. Hendricks |
| Link | Web page |
| Store | AAPG Store |
Petrophysical, petrological, geochemical, production, pressure, and other subsurface data must be used to locate diagenetic traps. Petrological data, in conjunction with subsurface shows, can be a powerful tool in mapping and predicting traps.
Using petrological information
Petrographic data can provide information about migration timing, trap preservation, and facies vs. diagenetic controls on hydrocarbon distribution. The table below lists examples of applying petrological information.
| Petrological information | Exploration significance | Exploration application |
|---|---|---|
| Oil-filled fluid inclusions in reservoir or carrier beds | Indicates migration pathways and absolute timing of migration | Migration routes that existed during migration |
| Oil-filled fluid inclusions in seals | Indicates leaky seals and timing of leakage | Column height may be small and/or updip (spilled) accumulations may exist |
| Primary porosity preservation | Indicates facies patterns may control hydrocarbon distribution | Map depositional facies |
| Dissolution porosity present | Diagenesis may be critical for trap location; mineralogy and/or facies may control location of dissolution porosity | Use sequence stratigraphy, hydrologic, or thermal maturity models.[1][2][3][4] |
| Postmigration burial cements present | Indicates potential cementation of water leg | Map diagenetic facies |
Figure 1 Cambrian sandstones in the Lublin Basin (Poland) contain fluorescing oil inclusions trapped before the formation of quartz cements, which degraded the reservoir's quality. From Rick Tobin, unpublished data.
Example: using cementation timing
In the example shown in Figure 1, Cambrian sandstones in the Lublin Basin (Poland) contain fluorescing oil inclusions trapped before the formation of quartz cements, which degraded the reservoir's quality. Oil traps could occur updip if seals were present during the migration event.
See also
References
- ↑ Tobin, R. C., 1991a, Diagenesis, thermal maturation and burial history of the Upper Cambrian Bonneterre Dolomite, southeastern Missouri: an interpretation of thermal history from petrographic and fluid inclusion evidence: Organic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p 142–152.
- ↑ Tobin, R. C., 1991b, Pore system evolution vs. paleotemperature in carbonate rocks: a predictable relationship?: Organic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 271., 10., 1016/0146-6380(91)90087-Z
- ↑ Read, J. F., C. Kerans, J. F. Sarg, and F. M. Wright, 1995, Milankovitch Sea-Level Changes, Cycles, and Reservoirs on Carbonate Platforms in Greenhouse and Ice-House Worlds: SEPM Short Course 35, 79 p.
- ↑ Wilson, M. D., ed., 1994, Reservoir quality Assessment and Prediction in Clastic Rocks: SEPM (Society of Sedimentary Geology) Short Course 30, 432 p.
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