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→Hydrodynamic gradients
* ''E''<sub>r</sub> = reference elevation (not subsurface depth)
* ''E''<sub>r</sub> = reference elevation (not subsurface depth)
Potentiometric elevations are mapped and contoured to determine the change in Potentiometric elevation per unit distance, called the ''Potentiometric gradient''. The hydrodynamic tilt of a fluid contact can be estimated from the Potentiometric gradient and fluid densities by the following relationship<ref name=pt06r56>Hubbert, M. K., 1953, Entrapment of petroleum under hydrodynamic conditions: AAPG Bulletin, v. 37, p. 1954–2026.</ref><ref name=pt06r21>Dahlberg, E. C., 1982, Applied Hydrodynamics in Petroleum Exploration: New York, Springer Verlag, 161 p.</ref>:
Potentiometric elevations are mapped and contoured to determine the change in Potentiometric elevation per unit distance, called the ''Potentiometric gradient''. The hydrodynamic tilt of a fluid contact can be estimated from the Potentiometric gradient and fluid densities by the following relationship<ref name=pt06r56>Hubbert, M. K., 1953, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1953-56/data/pg/0037/0008/1950/1954.htm Entrapment of petroleum under hydrodynamic conditions]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 37, p. 1954–2026.</ref><ref name=pt06r21>Dahlberg, E. C., 1982, Applied Hydrodynamics in Petroleum Exploration: New York, Springer Verlag, 161 p.</ref>:
[[file:fluid-contacts_fig4.png|thumb|{{figure number|4}}Effect of reservoir heterogeneity on fluid contacts. (a) [[Capillary pressure]] curves for facies A and B within the reservoir. The dashed line corresponds to the saturation trend of the well In part (b). Sharp changes in saturation correspond to elevations of facies changes. (b) Oil-water contact corresponding to capillary pressure curves. The free water surface (''f''<sub>w</sub>) is the same for all facies, but the different displacement pressure results in different oil-water contact elevations (thick arrows). The transition zones will also have different thicknesses due to different [[relative permeability]] characteristics not shown here. The vertical line is the well position corresponding to the saturation profile shown in part (a).]]
[[file:fluid-contacts_fig4.png|thumb|{{figure number|4}}Effect of reservoir heterogeneity on fluid contacts. (a) [[Capillary pressure]] curves for facies A and B within the reservoir. The dashed line corresponds to the saturation trend of the well In part (b). Sharp changes in saturation correspond to elevations of facies changes. (b) Oil-water contact corresponding to capillary pressure curves. The free water surface (''f''<sub>w</sub>) is the same for all facies, but the different displacement pressure results in different oil-water contact elevations (thick arrows). The transition zones will also have different thicknesses due to different [[relative permeability]] characteristics not shown here. The vertical line is the well position corresponding to the saturation profile shown in part (a).]]