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• Hydrodynamic traps: mapping
  #*<math>\text{H}_{\text{w}} = \text{Z} + \left( \frac{\text{P}} {\text{grad P}} \right)</math> ...al [[contour]] map using the formula for U where U = V – Z. The values for Z, the subsea elevation of the target aquifer, can be determined by simply ov
  4 KB (601 words) - 22:27, 17 February 2022
• Static gas pressure gradient estimation
  ...interact enough to change ideal gas behavior. A compressibility factor, ''z'', is added to the Ideal Gas Law to correct for subsurface gas behavioral c ...plication_fig5-9.png|{{figure number|2}}Estimate compressibility factor, ''z''. From Schowalter;<ref name=Schowalter1979 /> courtesy AAPG.
  7 KB (979 words) - 15:24, 17 February 2022
• Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS): procedures
  ...am; (bottom left) m/z 217 fragment in the mass spectrometer; (top right) m/z 218 fragment. Copyright: Unocal.]] ...ter, while the top right chromatogram shows those compounds that give an m/z 218 fragment. The 217 and 218 mass chromatograms are very similar because b
  6 KB (894 words) - 21:38, 15 February 2022
• Hydrodynamics
  ...35.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Relationship of the variables Hw and Z used in the hydraulic head equation. From Hubbert;<ref name=ch05r11 /> cour :<math>\mbox{H}_{\rm w} = \mbox{Z} + \frac{\mbox{P}}{\rho \mbox{g}}</math>
  5 KB (658 words) - 22:04, 17 February 2022
• Diapir
  ...ies Transactions, v. 23, p. 115–135.</ref>). (a) Cross section (letters A1-Z represent the stratigraphic unit boundaries). Location given in (b). (b) St
  1 KB (142 words) - 15:58, 6 April 2015
• Borehole gravity tool
  ...' is the universal gravity constant. Thus, the gravity gradient, Δ''g''/Δ''z'', is related directly to the density of the intervening layer. The result ...le by means of varying the separation between two gravity measurements, Δ''z''. After McCulloh et al.<ref name=ch15r9>McCulloh, T. H., J. R. Kandle, J.
  5 KB (720 words) - 18:07, 24 January 2022
• Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS): limitations
  ...correlations_fig8-40.png|Figure 1]] illustrates this trend. It shows the m/z 217.2 mass chromatograms of three oils from central Myanmar in successive s ...nes and moretanes in a heavily biodegraded oil (bottom), revealed in the m/z 177 mass chromatogram. From Volkman et al.;<ref name=ch08r57>Volkman, J. K.
  8 KB (1,111 words) - 22:05, 15 February 2022
• Hydrodynamic influence on trapping
  ...{\rho_{\rm w}}{\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm h}}\right)\mbox{H}_{\rm w} - \mbox{Z}</math> ...al surfaces for water. Hubbert called this factor V. The elevation factor (Z) is the difference between the equipotential surfaces for hydrocarbons and
  4 KB (582 words) - 22:08, 17 February 2022
• AAPG Wiki:Converting content
  * <code><nowiki><p>... \([a-z]+, (in press)*[0-9]{0,2,4}\) ...</p></nowiki></code> &rarr; a reference <nowiki>re.sub("<p><strong>([A-Z ]*)</strong></p>",r"==\1==",str)</nowiki>
  6 KB (826 words) - 18:27, 1 July 2013
• China Shale Gas & Liquids - Songliao and Junggar Basins
  ...ine, vol. 39, no. 6, p. 657–667.</ref><ref>Zhang, Y., X. Qi, X. Cheng, and Z. Luo, 2007, Approach to sedimentary environment of late carboniferous-Permi ....</ref><ref name=Ymg2019b>Yang, Z., C. Zou, L. Hou, S. Wu, S. Lin, X. Luo, Z. Zhao, J. Cui, and S. Pan, 2019b. Division of fine-grained rocks and select
  6 KB (850 words) - 17:56, 20 December 2023
• Subregional and local pressure compartments
  ...e compartment of the Anadarko basin. From Al-Shaieb et al.;<ref>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. O. Puckette, A. A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1995b, [http://archives.dat ...ional pressure compartment. Modified from Al-Shaieb et al.;<ref>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. O. Puckette, A. A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1995a, [http://archives.dat
  3 KB (440 words) - 17:58, 17 February 2022
• 3-D seismic data: the data cube
  ...erature) can be measured, so we have temperature as a function of (''x, y, z''). As we move around the room to other points, the temperature changes — ...enting a measurement (amplitude, for example). Each number has an (''x, y, z'') position in the box. For any point in the middle of the box, three plane
  5 KB (813 words) - 19:05, 27 January 2022
• Potential fields
  ...of non-seismic geophysics in the Papuan thrust belt, in G. J. Carman, and Z. Carman, eds., Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea: Proceedings of th ...llurics to petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, in G. J. Carman, and Z. Carman, eds., Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea: Proceedings of th
  3 KB (393 words) - 19:52, 2 February 2022
• China Shale Gas & Liquids - Sichuan Basin
  He, Z., Nie, H., Hu, D., Jiang, T., Wang, R., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Lu, Z., 2020. Geological problems in the effective development of deep shale gas: Guo, X., Li, Y., Teng, G., Wang, Q., Yuan, T., Shen, B., Ma, Z., Wei, F., 2020. Hydrocarbon generation and storage mechanisms of deep-wate
  7 KB (985 words) - 18:54, 4 December 2023
• Plate tectonic studies
  * Watson, M. P., A. B. Hayward, D. N. Parkinson, and Z. M. Zhang, 1987, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/02648172 * Beydoun, Z. R., 1991, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volu
  4 KB (601 words) - 18:22, 2 February 2022
• Migration rate calculation
  :<math>\mbox{P}_{\rm B} = \mbox{g} \times \mbox{z} \times (\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm hc})</math> * z = height of hydrocarbon stringer
  4 KB (618 words) - 19:40, 14 February 2022
• China Shale Gas & Liquids - Bohai Bay Basin
  5.Ma, Y., M. Fan, Y. Lu, H. Liu, Y. Hao, Z. Xie, L. Peng, X. Du, and H. Hu, 2017, Middle Eocene paleohydrology of the 8.Zhao, X., L. Zhou, X. Pu, F. Jin, W. Han, D. Xiao, S. Chen, Z. Shi, W. Zhang, and F. Yang, 2018, Geological characteristics of shale rock
  8 KB (1,251 words) - 15:51, 14 March 2022
• Seismic data - creating an integrated structure map
  ...r density logs but must penetrate the event of interest. The event depth ''z'' (measured from seismic datum) is known from well control, and the vertica :<math>z(x,y) = \frac{\upsilon(x,y) \times t(x,y)}{2}</math>
  7 KB (1,117 words) - 17:51, 25 January 2022
• Regional pressure compartments
  ...rtments. Modified from Al-Shaieb et al.;<ref name=AlShaieb1995a>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. O. Puckette, A. A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1995a, [http://archives.dat ...d local pressure compartments. Al-Shaieb et al.<ref name=ch05r2>Al-Shaieb, Z., Puckette, J., O., Abdalla, A., A., Ely, P., B., 1995b, [http://archives.d
  6 KB (811 words) - 17:58, 17 February 2022
• Organic compounds: environmental indicators
  oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-23.png|{{figure number|1}}m/z 217 mass fragmentograms from two oils showing quite different distributions [[:file:oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-23.png|Figure 1]] shows m/z 217 mass fragmentograms from two oils showing quite different distributions
  22 KB (3,123 words) - 21:39, 15 February 2022
• Seismic data preparation for mapping
  ...was used: ''υ''(''z'') = 5,000 + 0.4*''z'', where ''υ'' is in ft/sec and ''z'' is depth in feet. This velocity model is often useful in basins that cont
  7 KB (1,064 words) - 19:11, 27 January 2022
• Seismic data and mapping structure
  ...ic data (with time axis) converted to a depth cube using a ''V'' ( ''X, Y, Z'' ) velocity model
  2 KB (320 words) - 19:10, 27 January 2022
• Natural hydraulic fracturing of top seals
  ...\frac{\sigma_3}{\text{Z}}\right) + \frac{\text{p}}{\text{Z}}</math>, where Z is depth.
  9 KB (1,274 words) - 15:44, 30 March 2022
• Pyrolysis gas chromatography
  ...rce-rock-correlations_fig8-44.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Sterane m/z 217 mass fragmentograms of an immature rock extract (bottom left), a hydrou ...oil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-44.png|Figure 2]] shows sterane m/z 217 mass fragmentograms of an immature rock extract (bottom left), a hydrou
  6 KB (817 words) - 18:19, 9 February 2022
• Seismic migration
  :<math>\frac{\partial^{2}P}{\partial z^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2}P}{\partial x^{2}} = \frac{1}{V^{2}}\frac{\partial ...time'', starting with the measured waves at the earth's surface ''P''(''x, z'' = 0, ''t''), in effect pushing the waves backward and downward to their r
  14 KB (2,045 words) - 20:21, 21 January 2022
• Magnetics: interpreting residual maps
  ...ecause of the inherent ambiguity of potential field methods in determining Z.<ref name=ch14r8>Skeels, D. C., 1947, Ambiguity in gravity interpretation:
  8 KB (1,109 words) - 17:41, 24 January 2022
• Oil correlation case history: Brazilian offshore basins
  ...rce-rock-correlations_fig8-50.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|3}}Typical m/z 191 mass chromatograms for group I (top) and group IV (bottom) oils from th ...d-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-50.png|Figure 3]] illustrates typical m/z 191 mass chromatograms for group I (top) and group IV (bottom) oils from th
  8 KB (1,086 words) - 22:16, 15 February 2022
• Magnetotellurics case history: rugged carbonate terrain (Highlands of Papua New Guinea)
  ...of non-seismic geophysics in the Papuan thrust belt, in C. J. Carman, and Z. Carman, eds., Proceedings of the First PNG Petroleum Convention: Port More
  4 KB (520 words) - 15:12, 31 January 2022
• Chromatography
  ...n be performed in either full scan mode, to cover either a wide range of m/z ratios, or selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, to gather data for specific ...tion and analysis, with fragmented ions appearing as a function of their m/z ratios. Peak areas, meanwhile, are proportional to the quantity of the corr
  15 KB (2,280 words) - 21:00, 21 April 2022
• Statistical analysis in oil correlation
  ...ss subjective, statistical methods have been used.<ref name=ch08r51>Sofer, Z., Zumberge, J., E., Lay, V., 1986, Stable carbon isotopes and biomarkers as
  4 KB (520 words) - 22:06, 14 February 2022
• Checkshots and vertical seismic profiles
  .../sub> but source position B is the better choice for a receiver at depth ''Z''₂. Usually, the traveltimes measured for sources A and B are si
  11 KB (1,599 words) - 20:48, 19 January 2022
• Diagenesis: information from petrology
  ...rganic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 271., 10., 1016/0146-6380(91)90087-Z</ref><ref name=ch21r38>Read, J. F., C. Kerans, J. F. Sarg, and F. M. Wright
  4 KB (544 words) - 21:38, 4 February 2022
• Structural geology fieldwork
  ...., C., Ali-Zade, A., A., Guliyev, I., S., Suleymanova, S., F., Ateava, E., Z., Mamedova, D., N., Koshkarly, R., O., 1998, [http://archives.datapages.com
  4 KB (557 words) - 20:06, 2 February 2022
• Reservoir engineering
  ...ic than ideal gas. The amount of gas deviations stated in deviation factor z (supercompressibility factor), so : : <math>C_g = \frac{1}{P} - \frac{1}{z} \frac{dz}{dP} (psi^{-1})</math>
  14 KB (2,122 words) - 17:33, 7 March 2016
• Cross-well electromagnetic tomography monitoring of fluid distribution
  Equation (2) H_z = (-M)/(4πr^3 ) e^{(-ik_b r)} (1+ik_b r- | H_z || Magnetic flux density in the z-direction || Tesla (T) || kg.s^-2.A^-1
  18 KB (2,715 words) - 18:29, 8 February 2024
• Lwandle plate
  ...2011JB008930</ref><ref name=Calaisetal2006ab>Calais, E., L. Dong, M. Wang, Z. Shen, and M. Vergnolle, 2006, Continental deformation in Asia from a combi
  10 KB (1,574 words) - 16:51, 6 April 2016
• Log analysis applications
  * ''z'' plots, which superimpose a third (''z'') trace value on top of the ''x'' and ''y'' coordinates. (Its value can be ...imensional plots, allowing rotation of the XPLT around the ''x, y'', and ''z'' axes. This usually requires specialized high performance graphics hardwar
  21 KB (3,142 words) - 16:20, 20 January 2022
• Borehole gravity
  :<math>\rho = 3.6824 - 0.03913 \Delta g/\Delta z</math> * Δ''z'' = depth interval (in ft)
  10 KB (1,517 words) - 15:54, 20 January 2022
• Using and improving surface models built by computer
  ...point values for a seismic line that parallels strike and whose shot point z values fluctuate about a contour value will cause contours to wobble throug ...surface through the data, (2) back interpolate from the trend surface a ''z'' value at each data location, (3) subtract the back interpolated values fr
  40 KB (6,039 words) - 20:49, 19 January 2022
• Utilization of the industrial revolution 4.0 in oil and gas exploration
  ...arpetgeo.2019.104136</ref> and <ref name=Zhang et al_2018>Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Li, H., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., & Chen, W. (2018). Permeability prediction of ...e appraisal wells, but, as both Di et al.<ref name=Dietal_2020>Di, H., Li, Z., Maniar, H., & Abubakar, A. (2020). Seismic stratigraphy interpretation by
  21 KB (3,096 words) - 20:59, 21 April 2022
• Yowlumne field
  file:Mth14ch02f05.jpg|{{figure number|5}} Map with cross sections X-Z and Y-Z showing basinward-stepping geometries exhibited by lobe-shaped sand bodies
  13 KB (1,896 words) - 19:02, 11 March 2019
• Australia, Northern TerritoryVelkerri Formation, Beetaloo Sub-basin
  ...6-30.</ref><ref>Delle Piane, C., I. T. Uysal, M. Faiz, Z. Pan, J. Bourdet, Z. Li, M. D. Raven, and D. N. Dewhurst, 2020, Thermal maturity and reservoir
  11 KB (1,597 words) - 15:02, 9 January 2024
• Production testing
  :<math>k = \frac{1637T\mu z}{m'h}</math> * ''z'' = real gas compressibility factor
  14 KB (2,165 words) - 18:42, 20 January 2022
• In-situ stress characterization and applications
  ...shear components that are aligned with the three cartesian axes: x, y and z. Since the shear stress component is generally not aligned with these axes, :z is the depth to point below surface [m].
  28 KB (4,031 words) - 15:49, 28 November 2022
• Isotopic parameter data for oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations
  ...atic fractions and are often displayed on a Sofer.<ref name=ch08r50>Sofer, Z., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1984-85/data/pg/0068/0
  6 KB (915 words) - 17:34, 15 February 2022
• Basin-centered gas systems: global distribution
  ...Cretaceous || ? || Surdam et al.,<ref name=Surdametal_1994>Surdam, R. C., Z. S. Jiao, and R. S. Martinsen, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/sp ...n]] || Indirect || Al-Shaieb et al.,<ref name=Alshaiebetal_1994>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. Puckette, A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.
  27 KB (3,753 words) - 14:53, 12 March 2019
• Oil correlation case history: Norwegian sector, North Sea
  ...organic source facies could be responsible for most of the oils. In the m/z 191 mass chromatograms ([[:file:oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8
  8 KB (1,116 words) - 22:16, 15 February 2022
• Biodegradation of crude oil in reservoirs
  ...M. Mbadinga, Y. F. Liu, S. Z. Yang, J. F. Liu, R. Q. Ye, J. D. Gu, and B. Z. Mu, 2015, [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep09801 Insights into the ana
  16 KB (2,354 words) - 18:16, 25 April 2022
• Fluid flow fundamentals
  :<math>q_{\rm g} = \frac{0.703kh(p_{\rm R}^{2} - p_{\rm wf}^{2})}{T\mu_{\rm g}Z[\ln (r_{\rm e}/r_{\rm w}) - 0.75 + s]}</math> * Z = gas compressibility factor
  20 KB (3,155 words) - 21:20, 19 January 2022
• Condensate banking effect
  ...No composition changes occur in this experiment. CCE aids in measuring the Z-factors, oil relative volume below dew point or what is known as the liquid ...The volume of the effluent gas is measured, as well as its composition and Z-factor. The remaining fluid in the chamber is also measured. The CVD test,
  21 KB (3,040 words) - 15:22, 12 December 2022

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