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Line 35: + + − − [[file:wettability_fig1.png|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Wettability of oil, water, and rock system. (After <ref name=pt05r134>Raza, S. H., Treiber, L. E., Archer, D. L., 1968, Wettability of reservoir rocks and its evolution: Producers Monthly, v. 32, p. 2–7.</ref>.)]] Line 127:
Line 127: + + − − [[file:wettability_fig2.png|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Combined Amott and USBM method. (After <ref name=pt05r14>Anderson, W. G., 1986b, Wettability literature survey—Part 2, Wettability measurements: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 38, p. 1246–1262., 10., 2118/13933-PA</ref>; from <ref name=pt05r143>Shamra, M. M., Wundlerlich, R. W., 1985, The alteration of rock properties due to interactions with [[drilling fluid]] components: Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 22–25, SPE 14302.</ref>.)]]
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==Techniques==
==Techniques==
[[file:wettability_fig1.png|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Wettability of oil, water, and rock system. (After <ref name=pt05r134>Raza, S. H., Treiber, L. E., Archer, D. L., 1968, Wettability of reservoir rocks and its evolution: Producers Monthly, v. 32, p. 2–7.</ref>.)]]
===Contact angle measurements===
===Contact angle measurements===
If a liquid wets a surface, it tends to spread and cover that surface. Observed on a microscopic scale, the edge of the liquid has a characteristic shape. A knife edge shape indicates wetting, while a beaded edge shape indicates nonwetting. This is shown quantitatively in [[:file:wettability_fig1.png|Figure 1]], which shows a drop of water surrounded by oil and contacting a solid surface. If the edge of the drop forms an acute angle (θ<sub>e</sub> 5.)
If a liquid wets a surface, it tends to spread and cover that surface. Observed on a microscopic scale, the edge of the liquid has a characteristic shape. A knife edge shape indicates wetting, while a beaded edge shape indicates nonwetting. This is shown quantitatively in [[:file:wettability_fig1.png|Figure 1]], which shows a drop of water surrounded by oil and contacting a solid surface. If the edge of the drop forms an acute angle (θ<sub>e</sub> 5.)
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[[file:wettability_fig2.png|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Combined Amott and USBM method. (After <ref name=pt05r14>Anderson, W. G., 1986b, Wettability literature survey—Part 2, Wettability measurements: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 38, p. 1246–1262., 10., 2118/13933-PA</ref>; from <ref name=pt05r143>Shamra, M. M., Wundlerlich, R. W., 1985, The alteration of rock properties due to interactions with [[drilling fluid]] components: Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Las Vegas, NV, Sept. 22–25, SPE 14302.</ref>.)]]
===USBM method===
===USBM method===
The USBM method developed by Donaldson et al.<ref name=pt05r47 /> uses the same types of data, but considers the work required to do the forced displacement. This requires calculating the area under the [[capillary pressure]] curve obtained during the forced displacement. Generally, the capillary pressure displacement is done by centrifuging, but other capillary displacement techniques can be used.
The USBM method developed by Donaldson et al.<ref name=pt05r47 /> uses the same types of data, but considers the work required to do the forced displacement. This requires calculating the area under the [[capillary pressure]] curve obtained during the forced displacement. Generally, the capillary pressure displacement is done by centrifuging, but other capillary displacement techniques can be used.