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==An Entry from the AAPG [[2021 Middle East Wiki Write Off]]!==

|Author=Ibrahim Alfraih and Maram AlSaif

by Ibrahim Alfraih and Maram AlSaif, EXPEC ARC

 

|Competition=[[2021 Middle East Wiki Write Off]]

 

 

Tracing fluid movement in sedimentary basins is crucial for understanding petroleum systems. Hydrocarbon migration remains one of the challenging topics, given the many uncertainties associated with petroleum migration. A first understanding at mapping hydrocarbon migration can be gleaned from basin modeling, augmented by pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) measurements at reservoir conditions and the analysis of core and fluids collected during testing and production. The first step in predicting the initial petroleum composition generated from the source rock is to analyze the exact hydrocarbon generation kinetics from the source rock in question. Predictions can only be tested by drilling. Recovered fluids can then be studied geochemically and results can be used to calibrate predictions from basin models regarding the presumed source rock and predicted fluids. Reconstructing migration and fill history in reservoirs that received multiple charging can, however, pose a challenge, as fluids in this case represent the average composition of the various charges. Fluid inclusions entrapped within rock matrix and healed fractures during diagenesis and trap filling offer a unique tool to reconstruct reservoir filling history and petroleum migration [[:file:AlfraihAlSaifFigure1.jpg|Figure 1]]. Hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions (HCFIs) encapsulate accumulating or migrating oil and gas at reservoir conditions, which allows for  the original fluid composition and trapping temperatures and pressures (P-T) to be reconstructed.<ref name=Bourdetetal_2008>Bourdet, J., Pironon, J., Levresse, G., Tritlla, J., 2008. Petroleum type determination through homogenization temperature and vapour volume fraction measurements in fluid inclusions. Geofluids 8, 46–59.</ref> <ref name=Goldstein_2001>Goldstein, R.H. 2001. Fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic systems. Lithos, 55, 1-4, 159-193</ref> <ref name=Munz_2001>Munz, I.A. 2001. Petroleum inclusions in sedimentary basins: systematics, analytical methods and applications.</ref>

[[file:AlfraihAlSaifFigure1.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Photomicrographs of oil-bearing fluid inclusions in Mississippian rocks examined under transmitted plane light (left) and blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light (right).<ref name=Atwahetal_2021>Atwah, I., Mohammadi, S., Moldowan, M., Dahl, J., 2021. Episodic hydrocarbon charge in tight Mississippian reservoirs of Central Oklahoma, USA: Insights from oil inclusion geochemistry. Marine and Petroleum Geology 123.</ref>]]

[[file:AlfraihAlSaifFigure1.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Photomicrographs of oil-bearing fluid inclusions in Mississippian rocks examined under transmitted plane light (left) and blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light (right).<ref name=Atwahetal_2021>Atwah, I., Mohammadi, S., Moldowan, M., Dahl, J., 2021. Episodic hydrocarbon charge in tight Mississippian reservoirs of Central Oklahoma, USA: Insights from oil inclusion geochemistry. Marine and Petroleum Geology 123.</ref>]]

[[file:AlfraihAlSaifFigure2.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|2}}Summary of the fluid inclusion analytical methods classified based on destructive and nondestructive methods.]]

[[file:AlfraihAlSaifFigure2.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|2}}Summary of the fluid inclusion analytical methods classified based on destructive and nondestructive methods.]]