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Fault seal analysis is used to determine the level of connectivity of a separate reservoir due to fault segments. This is controlled by the permeability and porosity parameters of rocks that are in the fault section. Fault segment that becomes insulating if it has high porosity and permeability values will channel hydrocarbon fluid to the surface. So that the fault is one of the traps that are good for hydrocarbons. There is a mechanism where a fault can be a seal of fluid <ref name=Watts_1987>Watts, N., 1987, Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 4, p. 274–307.</ref><ref name=Knipe_1992>Knipe, R. J., 1992, Faulting processes and fault seal: Structural and tectonic modelling and its application to petroleum geology, Elsevier p. 325-342.</ref>:

Fault seal analysis is used to determine the level of connectivity of a separate reservoir due to fault segments. This is controlled by the permeability and porosity parameters of rocks that are in the fault section. Fault segment that becomes insulating if it has high porosity and permeability values will channel hydrocarbon fluid to the surface. So that the fault is one of the traps that are good for hydrocarbons. There is a mechanism where a fault can be a seal of fluid <ref name=Watts_1987>Watts, N., 1987, Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 4, p. 274–307.</ref><ref name=Knipe_1992>Knipe, R. J., 1992, Faulting processes and fault seal, ''in'' R. M. Larsen, H. Brekke, B. T. Larsen, and E. Talleraas, eds., Structural and tectonic modelling and its application to petroleum geology: Proceedings of Norwegian Petroleum Society Workshop, 18-20 October 1989, Stavanger, Norway, p. 325-342.</ref>:

[[file:GumelarFigure1.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Schematic illustration showing the presence of hydrocarbon traps (fault blocks) of normal faults by the interbedded between sandstones and shale (modified from <ref name=Færseth_2006>Færseth, R. B., 2006. Shale smear along large faults: Continuity of smear and the fault seal capacity: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 163, no. 5, p.741-751.</ref>).]]

[[file:GumelarFigure1.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Schematic illustration showing the presence of hydrocarbon traps (fault blocks) of normal faults by the interbedded between sandstones and shale (modified from <ref name=Færseth_2006>Færseth, R. B., 2006. Shale smear along large faults: Continuity of smear and the fault seal capacity: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 163, no. 5, p. 741-751.</ref>).]]

* Juxtaposition position alignment, where the sandstone reservoir is aligned with rocks that have low permeability (clay / shale) with high pressure ([[:file:GumelarFigure1.jpg|Figure 1]]).

* Juxtaposition position alignment, where the sandstone reservoir is aligned with rocks that have low permeability (clay / shale) with high pressure ([[:file:GumelarFigure1.jpg|Figure 1]]).

One of the mechanisms of the process of hydrocarbon insufficiency is juxtaposition. This barrier is caused by the presence of rocks that have different physical properties of rocks, namely permeability and porosity. Rocks that have greater permeability and porosity will not flow hydrocarbons in the direction of smaller permeability and porosity. If the sandstone is in contact with the claystone then a juxtaposition seal is possible because the physical parameters of the claystone do not allow fluid to pass through the rock.

One of the mechanisms of the process of hydrocarbon insufficiency is juxtaposition. This barrier is caused by the presence of rocks that have different physical properties of rocks, namely permeability and porosity. Rocks that have greater permeability and porosity will not flow hydrocarbons in the direction of smaller permeability and porosity. If the sandstone is in contact with the claystone then a juxtaposition seal is possible because the physical parameters of the claystone do not allow fluid to pass through the rock.

[[file:GumelarFigure3.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|3}}Illustration of three factors that influence fault analysis: juxtaposition seal, fault rock seal and fault reactivation<ref name=Yieldingetal_2010>Yielding, G., P. Bretan, and B. Freeman, 2010, Fault seal calibration: A brief review: Geological Society London Special Publication 347, p. 243-255.</ref>.]]

[[file:GumelarFigure3.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|3}}Illustration of three factors that influence fault analysis: juxtaposition seal, fault rock seal and fault reactivation<ref name=Yieldingetal_2010>Yielding, G., P. Bretan, and B. Freeman, 2010, Fault seal calibration: A brief review, ''in'' S. J. Jolley, Q. J. Fisher, R. B. Ainsworth, P. J. Vrolijk, and S. Delisle, eds., Reservoir compartmentalization: Geological Society (London) Special Publication 347, p. 243-255.</ref>.]]

The first order of seal analysis cannot be separated from identifying the juxtaposition of the reservoir in all fracture planes by using layers of interpretation results that have been defined on the fracture plane<ref name=Yieldingetal_2010 />. It is seen in [[:file:GumelarFigure3.jpg|Figure 3]] that in several ways that hydrocarbon fluids can escape. In the top illustration, there is a juxtaposition seal, which means that there is a barrier which is a concern for rocks with low permeability and reservoir. The middle illustration shows that sand to sand juxtaposition which can occur due to the nature of relatively similar permeability. The bottom illustration shows the reactivation of a fault, so that it can become a hydrocarbon migration pathway. Because faults can form porosity which results in the opening of a new fault plane.

The first order of seal analysis cannot be separated from identifying the juxtaposition of the reservoir in all fracture planes by using layers of interpretation results that have been defined on the fracture plane<ref name=Yieldingetal_2010 />. It is seen in [[:file:GumelarFigure3.jpg|Figure 3]] that in several ways that hydrocarbon fluids can escape. In the top illustration, there is a juxtaposition seal, which means that there is a barrier which is a concern for rocks with low permeability and reservoir. The middle illustration shows that sand to sand juxtaposition which can occur due to the nature of relatively similar permeability. The bottom illustration shows the reactivation of a fault, so that it can become a hydrocarbon migration pathway. Because faults can form porosity which results in the opening of a new fault plane.

[[file:GumelarFigure4.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|4}}Allan Mapping Principles<ref name=Allan_1989 />. (a) Fault displacement can provide a cross-fault seal by juxtaposing impermeable units against potential reservoir units. (B) In three dimensions, the interactions of juxtaposed units on the fault surface can be complex. (c) Allan's Mapping technique resolves the fault surface into a flat plane and maps the position of the footwall and hanging-wall. The trap and spill point can then be determined from the alignment of the lithology units.]]

[[file:GumelarFigure4.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|4}}Allan Mapping Principles<ref name=Allan_1989 />. (A) Fault displacement can provide a cross-fault seal by juxtaposing impermeable units against potential reservoir units. (B) In three dimensions, the interactions of juxtaposed units on the fault surface can be complex. (C) Allan's Mapping technique resolves the fault surface into a flat plane and maps the position of the footwall and hanging-wall. The trap and spill point can then be determined from the alignment of the lithology units.]]

==Allan diagram==

==Allan diagram==