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Line 64: − [[file:GumelarFigure8.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|8}}a) and b) are examples of leaks from a major structure. HCH in a) has a lower height than b). c) has a spill point value that is above the crest depth so that no leakage occurs<ref name=Schofield_2016 />.]] − + + − − − + + − + + + + + − + − * H = hydrocarbon column height (m /ft, where 1 m = 3,2808 ft) − * g = gravity (9.81 ms-2) − * ρw = pore density of water (kg /m3) − * ρh = density of hydrocarbons (kg /m3) − Figure 9 is the relationship between SGR and HCH values, with this table estimating the HCH value using SGR data. From this image, it can also test the quality of the resulting data. With different parameters, Bretan, et al.<ref name=Bretanetal_2003 /> made an empirical formula so as to connect SGR and HCH. Because SGR has a benchmark with the value of VShale but the HCH is added with the parameters of the hydrocarbon density and pressure. So that one of its uses is that it can be used as a quality control analysis.+
Fault seal analysis for reservoir development (view source)
Revision as of 19:34, 13 September 2022
, 19:34, 13 September 2022→Hydrocarbon column height (HCH)
==Hydrocarbon column height (HCH)==
==Hydrocarbon column height (HCH)==
Analysis of hydrocarbon column height is a calculation to determine the resistance of a point in the fault plane to withstand hydrocarbons in the thickness domain (meters / feet). According to Schofield<ref name=Schofield_2016>Schofield, James K., 2016, Relationships between Observed Hydrocarbon Column Heights, Occurrence of Background Overpressure and Seal Capacity within North West Europe: Thesis.</ref> hydrocarbon column height is affected in 3 main things, namely:
Analysis of hydrocarbon column height is a calculation to determine the resistance of a point in the fault plane to withstand hydrocarbons in the thickness domain (meters / feet). According to Schofield<ref name=Schofield_2016>Schofield, James K., 2016, Relationships between Observed Hydrocarbon Column Heights, Occurrence of Background Overpressure and Seal Capacity within North West Europe: Thesis.</ref> hydrocarbon column height is affected in three main things, namely:
* Limited by structure, directly affects the filling of hydrocarbons into the reservoir. The main effect is structurally limited to the elevation area ([[:file:GumelarFigure8.jpg|Figure 8]]).
* Limited by structure, directly affects the filling of hydrocarbons into the reservoir. The main effect is structurally limited to the elevation area ([[:file:GumelarFigure8.jpg|Figure 8]]).
* Limited by volumetric, this factor involves the lack of ingress of accumulated hydrocarbons into the trap. In this case it may be that the source rock is not producing sufficiently to fill the reservoir and the effect of migration pathways which have varying permeability becomes an obstacle for the accumulation of hydrocarbons.
* Limited by volumetric, this factor involves the lack of ingress of accumulated hydrocarbons into the trap. In this case it may be that the source rock is not producing sufficiently to fill the reservoir and the effect of migration pathways which have varying permeability becomes an obstacle for the accumulation of hydrocarbons.
* Geomechanics, related to the deformation of the cap rock that covers the hydrocarbons. In this case, it has the influence of matrix capillary control and control of the rupture of the hood rock<ref name=Schofield_2016 />. According to Schowalter<ref name=Schowalter_1979>Schowalter, T. T. 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, no. 5, p. 723-760.</ref>, it has been estimated that the minimum caprock membrane failure value of oil saturation is between 4.5 - 17% with an average of 10% based on buoyancy pressure and capillary pressure based on laboratory experiments.
* Geomechanics, related to the deformation of the cap rock that covers the hydrocarbons. In this case, it has the influence of matrix capillary control and control of the rupture of the hood rock<ref name=Schofield_2016 />. According to Schowalter<ref name=Schowalter_1979>Schowalter, T. T. 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, no. 5, p. 723-760.</ref>, it has been estimated that the minimum caprock membrane failure value of oil saturation is between 4.5 - 17% with an average of 10% based on buoyancy pressure and capillary pressure based on laboratory experiments.
[[file:GumelarFigure9.jpg|thumb|300px|{{figure number|9}}a) HCH from constant burial depth, and b) using the formula from <ref name=Bretanetal_2003 />.]]
[[file:GumelarFigure8.jpg|framed|center|{{figure number|8}}a) and b) are examples of leaks from a major structure. HCH in a) has a lower height than b). c) has a spill point value that is above the crest depth so that no leakage occurs<ref name=Schofield_2016 />.]]
To make a relationship between shale gouge ratio (SGR) and hydrocarbon column height (HCH), Bretan, et al.<ref name=Bretanetal_2003>Bretan, P., G. Yielding, and H. Jones, 2003, Using calibrated shale gouge ratio to estimate hydrocarbon column heights: AAPG Bulletin, v. 87, no. 3, p. 397-413.</ref> estimate the empirical formula taking into account the across-fault pressure difference (AFPD) and produces the following formula:
To make a relationship between shale gouge ratio (SGR) and hydrocarbon column height (HCH), Bretan, et al.<ref name=Bretanetal_2003>Bretan, P., G. Yielding, and H. Jones, 2003, Using calibrated shale gouge ratio to estimate hydrocarbon column heights: AAPG Bulletin, v. 87, no. 3, p. 397-413.</ref> estimate the empirical formula taking into account the across-fault pressure difference (AFPD) and produces the following formula:
::<math>H = \frac{dP}{g( \rho_w + \rho_h )}</math>
H = dP/(g ( ρ_w + ρ_h ) ) (4.1)
With:
* H = hydrocarbon column height (m /ft, where 1 m = 3,2808 ft)
* g = gravity (9.81 ms-2)
* ρ<sub>w</sub> = pore density of water (kg /m3)
* ρ<sub>h</sub> = density of hydrocarbons (kg /m3)
With:
[[:file:GumelarFigure9.jpg|Figure 9]] is the relationship between SGR and HCH values, with this table estimating the HCH value using SGR data. From this image, it can also test the quality of the resulting data. With different parameters, Bretan, et al.<ref name=Bretanetal_2003 /> made an empirical formula so as to connect SGR and HCH. Because SGR has a benchmark with the value of VShale but the HCH is added with the parameters of the hydrocarbon density and pressure. So that one of its uses is that it can be used as a quality control analysis.
[[file:GumelarFigure9.jpg|framed|center|{{figure number|9}}a) HCH from constant burial depth, and b) using the formula from Bretan et al<ref name=Bretanetal_2003 />.]]
==See also==
==See also==