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Line 14: − − [[file:M115CH10FG01.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Location map of the Kingfisher field in UKCS Blocks 16/8a and 16/8d showing the nearby producing Brae area fields and discoveries within the [[South Viking Graben]].]] − − [[file:M115CH10FG02.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Top Brae reservoir depth structure map showing the location of the exploration, appraisal, and production wells. Also shown is the 13,100 ft (3993 m) TVDSS depth contour corresponding to the [[gas-water]] contact at the top of the Brae 1 reservoir interval with structural spill point to the west. Depth contours shown are in 100 ft (30 m) TVD increments. Area of map is shown in [[:file:M115CH10FG01.jpg|Figure 1]].]] Line 23:
Line 19: − [[file:M115CH10FG03.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|3}}Schematic geological cross section through the Brae submarine fan system from the proximal South [[Brae area]] on the margins of the Fladen Ground Spur through the Miller field area to the distal margin near the Kingfisher field 15 km (9 mi) to the northeast. Modified after Turner et al. (1987<ref name=Turneretal1987>Turner, C. C., J. M. Cohen, E. R. Connell, and D. M. Cooper, 1987, A depositional model for the South Brae Oilfield, in J. Brooks and K. W. Glennie, eds., Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Graham & Trotman, London, p. 853–864.</ref>).]] + + + + + +
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| isbn = 978-0-89181-395-8
| isbn = 978-0-89181-395-8
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The Kingfisher field is located in the [[South Viking Graben]] 278 km (173 mi) northeast of Aberdeen close to the U.K. and [[Norway]] boundary line<ref name=Spenceandkreutz2003>Spence, S., and H. Kreutz, 2003, The Kingfisher Field, Block 16/8a, UK North Sea, in J. G. Gluyas and H. M. Hichens, eds., United Kingdom oil and gas fields commemorative millennium volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 20, p. 305–314.</ref>. The field is 8 km (5 mi) to the northeast of the [[Miller field]]<ref name=Rooksby1991>Rooksby, S. K., 1991. The Miller Field, Blocks 16/7B, 16/8B, UK North Sea, in I. L. Abbotts, ed., United Kingdom oil and gas fields: 25 years commemorative volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 14, p. 159–164.</ref><ref name=Garland1993>Garland, C. R., 1993, Miller Field: Reservoir stratigraphy and its impact on development, in J. R. Parker, ed., Petroleum geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference: Geological Society (London), p. 401–414.</ref><ref name=Garlandetal1999>Garland, C. R., P. Haughton, R. F. King, and T. P. Moulds, 1999, Capturing reservoir heterogeneity in a sand-rich submarine fan, Miller field: Geological Society (London) Petroleum Geology Conference series 5, p. 1199–1208.</ref>, and approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) to the northeast of the Central Brae<ref name=Fletcher2003a>Fletcher, K. J., 2003a, The Central Brae Field, Blocks 16/07a, 16/07b, UK North Sea, in J. G. Gluyas and H. M. Hichens, eds., UK oil and gas fields commemorative millennium volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 20, p. 183–190.</ref> and South [[Brae field]]s<ref name=Roberts1991>Roberts, M. J., 1991, The South Brae Field, Block 16/7a, UK North Sea, in I. L. Abbotts, ed., United Kingdom oil and gas fields: 25 years commemorative volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 14, p. 55–62.</ref><ref name=Fletcher2003b>Fletcher, K. J., 2003b, The South Brae Field, Blocks 16/07a, 16/07b, UK North Sea, in J. G. Gluyas and H. M. Hichens, eds., United Kingdom oil and gas fields commemorative millennium volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 20, p. 211–221.</ref> ([[:file:M115CH10FG01.jpg|Figure 1]], [[:file:M115CH10FG02.jpg|Figure 2]]).
The Kingfisher field is located in the [[South Viking Graben]] 278 km (173 mi) northeast of Aberdeen close to the U.K. and [[Norway]] boundary line<ref name=Spenceandkreutz2003>Spence, S., and H. Kreutz, 2003, The Kingfisher Field, Block 16/8a, UK North Sea, in J. G. Gluyas and H. M. Hichens, eds., United Kingdom oil and gas fields commemorative millennium volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 20, p. 305–314.</ref>. The field is 8 km (5 mi) to the northeast of the [[Miller field]]<ref name=Rooksby1991>Rooksby, S. K., 1991. The Miller Field, Blocks 16/7B, 16/8B, UK North Sea, in I. L. Abbotts, ed., United Kingdom oil and gas fields: 25 years commemorative volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 14, p. 159–164.</ref><ref name=Garland1993>Garland, C. R., 1993, Miller Field: Reservoir stratigraphy and its impact on development, in J. R. Parker, ed., Petroleum geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference: Geological Society (London), p. 401–414.</ref><ref name=Garlandetal1999>Garland, C. R., P. Haughton, R. F. King, and T. P. Moulds, 1999, Capturing reservoir heterogeneity in a sand-rich submarine fan, Miller field: Geological Society (London) Petroleum Geology Conference series 5, p. 1199–1208.</ref>, and approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) to the northeast of the Central Brae<ref name=Fletcher2003a>Fletcher, K. J., 2003a, The Central Brae Field, Blocks 16/07a, 16/07b, UK North Sea, in J. G. Gluyas and H. M. Hichens, eds., UK oil and gas fields commemorative millennium volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 20, p. 183–190.</ref> and South [[Brae field]]s<ref name=Roberts1991>Roberts, M. J., 1991, The South Brae Field, Block 16/7a, UK North Sea, in I. L. Abbotts, ed., United Kingdom oil and gas fields: 25 years commemorative volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 14, p. 55–62.</ref><ref name=Fletcher2003b>Fletcher, K. J., 2003b, The South Brae Field, Blocks 16/07a, 16/07b, UK North Sea, in J. G. Gluyas and H. M. Hichens, eds., United Kingdom oil and gas fields commemorative millennium volume: Geological Society (London) Memoir 20, p. 211–221.</ref> ([[:file:M115CH10FG01.jpg|Figure 1]], [[:file:M115CH10FG02.jpg|Figure 2]]).
The Kingfisher field (Licences P.295 and P.483) is operated by Shell U.K. Limited (49.74%) and co-owned by Esso Exploration and Production U.K. Limited (49.37%) and Marathon Oil North Sea U.K. Limited (0.89%). [[Hydrocarbon]]s produced from the Upper [[Jurassic]] [[Brae reservoir|Brae]] and [[Heather reservoir]] intervals are flowed to the Marathon-operated Brae Bravo platform 9 km (5.6 mi) to the west via two dedicated 10 in. (25 cm) [[subsea]] pipelines, where [[gas]] and [[oil]] are separated, with gas then being exported via the SAGE gas pipeline to St. Fergus and the oil being exported via the Brae-Forties oil pipeline system.
The Kingfisher field (Licences P.295 and P.483) is operated by Shell U.K. Limited (49.74%) and co-owned by Esso Exploration and Production U.K. Limited (49.37%) and Marathon Oil North Sea U.K. Limited (0.89%). [[Hydrocarbon]]s produced from the Upper [[Jurassic]] [[Brae reservoir|Brae]] and [[Heather reservoir]] intervals are flowed to the Marathon-operated Brae Bravo platform 9 km (5.6 mi) to the west via two dedicated 10 in. (25 cm) [[subsea]] pipelines, where [[gas]] and [[oil]] are separated, with gas then being exported via the SAGE gas pipeline to St. Fergus and the oil being exported via the Brae-Forties oil pipeline system.
The Kingfisher field is currently estimated to contain 150 MMbbls of [[oil]] and [[condensate]] and 450 Bcf of [[gas]] with a total combined [[hydrocarbon]] initially in-place volume of approximately 230 MMboe. Although the Kingfisher field may be small in volumetric terms when compared to many of the other nearby oil and gas fields, its location within the eastern extremities of the [[Brae area]] means that it has provided insights into the [[reservoir]] complexity that exists within the more distal parts of the basin-floor [[turbidite]] fan systems that were deposited within the [[South Viking Graben]] ([[:file:M115CH10FG03.jpg|Figure 3]]).
The Kingfisher field is currently estimated to contain 150 MMbbls of [[oil]] and [[condensate]] and 450 Bcf of [[gas]] with a total combined [[hydrocarbon]] initially in-place volume of approximately 230 MMboe. Although the Kingfisher field may be small in volumetric terms when compared to many of the other nearby oil and gas fields, its location within the eastern extremities of the [[Brae area]] means that it has provided insights into the [[reservoir]] complexity that exists within the more distal parts of the basin-floor [[turbidite]] fan systems that were deposited within the [[South Viking Graben]] ([[:file:M115CH10FG03.jpg|Figure 3]]).
==Geological Background==
==Geological Background==
<gallery mode=packed widths=300px heights=300px>
file:M115CH10FG01.jpg|{{figure number|1}}Location map of the Kingfisher field in UKCS Blocks 16/8a and 16/8d showing the nearby producing Brae area fields and discoveries within the [[South Viking Graben]].
file:M115CH10FG02.jpg|{{figure number|2}}Top Brae reservoir depth structure map showing the location of the exploration, appraisal, and production wells. Also shown is the 13,100 ft (3993 m) TVDSS depth contour corresponding to the [[gas-water]] contact at the top of the Brae 1 reservoir interval with structural spill point to the west. Depth contours shown are in 100 ft (30 m) TVD increments. Area of map is shown in [[:file:M115CH10FG01.jpg|Figure 1]].
file:M115CH10FG03.jpg|{{figure number|3}}Schematic geological cross section through the Brae submarine fan system from the proximal South [[Brae area]] on the margins of the Fladen Ground Spur through the Miller field area to the distal margin near the Kingfisher field 15 km (9 mi) to the northeast. Modified after Turner et al. (1987<ref name=Turneretal1987>Turner, C. C., J. M. Cohen, E. R. Connell, and D. M. Cooper, 1987, A depositional model for the South Brae Oilfield, in J. Brooks and K. W. Glennie, eds., Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Graham & Trotman, London, p. 853–864.</ref>).
</gallery>
The [[South Viking Graben]] area, in many respects, shares a broadly similar history in terms of geological evolution with the North Viking Graben, with respect to the overall timing and orientation of Late [[Jurassic]] extension, [[stratigraphy|stratigraphic]] evolution, and [[structure|structural]] styles (Turner and Connell, 1991<ref name=Turnerandconnell1991>Turner, C. C., and E. R. Connell, 1991, Stratigraphic relationships between Upper Jurassic submarine fan sequences in the Brae area, UK North Sea: The implications for reservoir distribution, in Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Offshore Technology Conference: Offshore Technology Conference 6508, Houston, Texas, May 6–9.</ref>; Cherry, 1993<ref name=Cherry1993>Cherry, S. T. J., 1993, The interaction of structure and sedimentary process controlling deposition of the Upper Jurassic Brae Formation Conglomerate, Block 16/17, North Sea, in J. R. Parker, ed., Petroleum geology of NW Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference: Geological Society (London), p. 387–400.</ref>; Underhill, 1998<ref name=Underhill1998>Underhill, J. R., 1998, Jurassic, in K. Glennie, ed., Petroleum Geology of the North Sea: Basic Concepts and Recent Advances, 4th ed.: Oxford, Blackwell Science, p. 245–293.</ref>; Fraser et al., 2003<ref name=Fraseretal2003>Fraser, S., A. M. Robinson, H. D. Johnson, J. R. Underhill, D. G. A. Kadolsky, R. Connell, P. Johannessen, and R. Ravnas, 2003, Upper Jurassic, in D. Evans, C. Graham, A. Armour, and P. Bathurst, eds., The Millennium atlas: Petroleum geology of the central and northern North Sea: Geological Society (London), p. 157–189.</ref>). However, because of the presence of Zechstein salt at depth within parts of the South Viking Graben, including the vicinity of the Kingfisher field, the evolution of the [[Brae area]] in particular shows some similarities to parts of the Central Graben where halokinesis has provided a localized control on subsidence and the evolution of [[fault]]ing. This has resulted in a more complex and diverse range of geological structures when compared to the more classical rotated fault blocks of the North Viking Graben Brent province.
The [[South Viking Graben]] area, in many respects, shares a broadly similar history in terms of geological evolution with the North Viking Graben, with respect to the overall timing and orientation of Late [[Jurassic]] extension, [[stratigraphy|stratigraphic]] evolution, and [[structure|structural]] styles (Turner and Connell, 1991<ref name=Turnerandconnell1991>Turner, C. C., and E. R. Connell, 1991, Stratigraphic relationships between Upper Jurassic submarine fan sequences in the Brae area, UK North Sea: The implications for reservoir distribution, in Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Offshore Technology Conference: Offshore Technology Conference 6508, Houston, Texas, May 6–9.</ref>; Cherry, 1993<ref name=Cherry1993>Cherry, S. T. J., 1993, The interaction of structure and sedimentary process controlling deposition of the Upper Jurassic Brae Formation Conglomerate, Block 16/17, North Sea, in J. R. Parker, ed., Petroleum geology of NW Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference: Geological Society (London), p. 387–400.</ref>; Underhill, 1998<ref name=Underhill1998>Underhill, J. R., 1998, Jurassic, in K. Glennie, ed., Petroleum Geology of the North Sea: Basic Concepts and Recent Advances, 4th ed.: Oxford, Blackwell Science, p. 245–293.</ref>; Fraser et al., 2003<ref name=Fraseretal2003>Fraser, S., A. M. Robinson, H. D. Johnson, J. R. Underhill, D. G. A. Kadolsky, R. Connell, P. Johannessen, and R. Ravnas, 2003, Upper Jurassic, in D. Evans, C. Graham, A. Armour, and P. Bathurst, eds., The Millennium atlas: Petroleum geology of the central and northern North Sea: Geological Society (London), p. 157–189.</ref>). However, because of the presence of Zechstein salt at depth within parts of the South Viking Graben, including the vicinity of the Kingfisher field, the evolution of the [[Brae area]] in particular shows some similarities to parts of the Central Graben where halokinesis has provided a localized control on subsidence and the evolution of [[fault]]ing. This has resulted in a more complex and diverse range of geological structures when compared to the more classical rotated fault blocks of the North Viking Graben Brent province.