Difference between revisions of "Basin framework"

From AAPG Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(12 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 6: Line 6:
 
  | part    = Critical elements of the petroleum system
 
  | part    = Critical elements of the petroleum system
 
  | chapter = Sedimentary basin analysis
 
  | chapter = Sedimentary basin analysis
  | frompg  = 4-1
+
  | frompg  = 4-7
  | topg    = 4-123
+
  | topg    = 4-7
 
  | author  = John M. Armentrout
 
  | author  = John M. Armentrout
 
  | link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch04/ch04.htm
 
  | link    = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch04/ch04.htm
Line 21: Line 21:
 
To define a basin, we follow the steps listed in the table below.
 
To define a basin, we follow the steps listed in the table below.
  
{| class = "wikitable"
+
# Define the outline of the basin and important regional structural features.
|-
+
# Map total sediment thickness.
! Step
+
# Identify subbasins ([[depocenter]]s and minibasins).
! Action
+
# Map age and location of oil and gas fields.
|-
+
# Map age and location of [[source rock]]s.
| 1
 
| Define the outline of the basin and important regional structural features.
 
|-
 
| 2
 
| Map total sediment thickness.
 
|-
 
| 3
 
| Identify subbasins (depocenters and minibasins).
 
|-
 
| 4
 
| Map age and location of oil and gas fields.
 
|-
 
| 5
 
| Map age and location of [[source rock]]s.
 
|}
 
  
 
==Basin outline and structural features==
 
==Basin outline and structural features==
The particular study area, whether only a part of a basin or an entire basin itself, should be identified on a large-scale geographic map using total sediment thickness as the primary control. We then map major regional structural features. If postdepositional deformation has resulted in erosion, we construct a paleogeographic restoration to approximate the original depositional basin outline (see [[Paleogeography]]).
+
The particular study area, whether only a part of a basin or an entire basin itself, should be identified on a large-scale geographic map using total sediment thickness as the primary control. We then map major regional structural features. If postdepositional [[deformation]] has resulted in [http://www.usgs.gov/science/science.php?term=353 erosion], we construct a paleogeographic restoration to approximate the original depositional basin outline (see [[Paleogeography]]).
  
 
==Basins, depocenters, and minibasins==
 
==Basins, depocenters, and minibasins==
The interaction of the eustatic cycles of sediment accumulation within geographically shifting regional depocenters results in a complex stratigraphic architecture later deformed by tectonic movement. This deformation results in the formation of subbasins, depocenters, and minibasins. Minibasins in the GOM basin are relatively small areas of sedimentary thicks bounded by faults and salt-cored highs. We subdivide the basin into depocenters by identifying age-specific sediment thicks. We then subdivide depocenters into minibasins by identifying areas within the depocenter isolated by structure.
+
The interaction of the [[Eustacy|eustatic cycles]] of sediment accumulation within geographically shifting regional [[depocenter]]s results in a complex stratigraphic architecture later deformed by tectonic movement. This deformation results in the formation of subbasins, depocenters, and minibasins. Minibasins in the GOM basin are relatively small areas of sedimentary thicks bounded by faults and salt-cored highs. We subdivide the basin into depocenters by identifying age-specific sediment thicks. We then subdivide depocenters into minibasins by identifying areas within the depocenter isolated by structure.
  
 
==Subbasin sediment thickness, location==
 
==Subbasin sediment thickness, location==
Line 52: Line 37:
  
 
==Source age, location==
 
==Source age, location==
Hydrocarbon types reflect the composition of the kerogens from which they were generated and provide an estimate of the potential number of source-rock intervals or variations of kerogen facies within a source rock. We can prepare or locate a map showing the distribution of hydrocarbon types.
+
Hydrocarbon types reflect the composition of the [[kerogen]]s from which they were generated and provide an estimate of the potential number of source-rock intervals or variations of kerogen facies within a [[source rock]]. We can prepare or locate a map showing the distribution of [[hydrocarbon type]]s.
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
Line 67: Line 52:
 
[[Category:Critical elements of the petroleum system]]  
 
[[Category:Critical elements of the petroleum system]]  
 
[[Category:Sedimentary basin analysis]]
 
[[Category:Sedimentary basin analysis]]
 +
[[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]]

Latest revision as of 16:42, 18 February 2022

Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps
Series Treatise in Petroleum Geology
Part Critical elements of the petroleum system
Chapter Sedimentary basin analysis
Author John M. Armentrout
Link Web page
Store AAPG Store

The term “basin”

The term “basin” has different meanings in different disciplines. Stratigraphers refer to a basin as the location of sedimentary fill deposited in the geologic past. Structural geologists think of a basin as a container created by tectonic processes, such as rifting. Often the term is used to name and locate a geographic province, such as the Williston basin, which in turn is separate from the genetic use of basin to mean a sedimentary basin—the focus of this article.

Defining the basin framework

To define a basin, we follow the steps listed in the table below.

  1. Define the outline of the basin and important regional structural features.
  2. Map total sediment thickness.
  3. Identify subbasins (depocenters and minibasins).
  4. Map age and location of oil and gas fields.
  5. Map age and location of source rocks.

Basin outline and structural features

The particular study area, whether only a part of a basin or an entire basin itself, should be identified on a large-scale geographic map using total sediment thickness as the primary control. We then map major regional structural features. If postdepositional deformation has resulted in erosion, we construct a paleogeographic restoration to approximate the original depositional basin outline (see Paleogeography).

Basins, depocenters, and minibasins

The interaction of the eustatic cycles of sediment accumulation within geographically shifting regional depocenters results in a complex stratigraphic architecture later deformed by tectonic movement. This deformation results in the formation of subbasins, depocenters, and minibasins. Minibasins in the GOM basin are relatively small areas of sedimentary thicks bounded by faults and salt-cored highs. We subdivide the basin into depocenters by identifying age-specific sediment thicks. We then subdivide depocenters into minibasins by identifying areas within the depocenter isolated by structure.

Subbasin sediment thickness, location

Each basin consists of a number of subbasin elements that have significant impact on exploration for hydrocarbons within each of these subbasins. We can prepare (or locate) a map showing total sediment thickness and the distribution of hydrocarbon occurrences within each subbasin element.

Source age, location

Hydrocarbon types reflect the composition of the kerogens from which they were generated and provide an estimate of the potential number of source-rock intervals or variations of kerogen facies within a source rock. We can prepare or locate a map showing the distribution of hydrocarbon types.

See also

External links

find literature about
Basin framework
Datapages button.png GeoScienceWorld button.png OnePetro button.png Google button.png