This study included the generation of two synthetic seismic sections using 3-D ray tracing techniques. One section represents a synthetic stacked seismic section (created using normal incidence ray tracing), while the second represents a synthetic migrated section (created using image ray tracing). The objective of modeling is to determine if there is a noticeable difference between the seismic signature of the tight carbonate and that of the porous carbonate. The synthetic migrated section is illustrated in [[:file:forward-modeling-of-seismic-data_fig2.png|Figure 2]]. The positive event at traces 20 through 26 and between 325 and 375 msec represents the top of the tight anticlinal structure. There is a distinct character change of this seismic event corresponding to a change in porosity in the geological model. The porosity is identified by the dim spot on traces 6 through 11 and the velocity pulldown of the underlying event. The results from this modeling indicate that seismic data could be used to identify porosity in this geological setting. A good description of modeling methods and a number of case study examples can be found in Fagin.<ref name=pt07r12>Fagin, S. W., 1991, Seismic Modeling of Geologic Structure: Tulsa, OK, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Geophysical Development Series, v. 2.</ref> | This study included the generation of two synthetic seismic sections using 3-D ray tracing techniques. One section represents a synthetic stacked seismic section (created using normal incidence ray tracing), while the second represents a synthetic migrated section (created using image ray tracing). The objective of modeling is to determine if there is a noticeable difference between the seismic signature of the tight carbonate and that of the porous carbonate. The synthetic migrated section is illustrated in [[:file:forward-modeling-of-seismic-data_fig2.png|Figure 2]]. The positive event at traces 20 through 26 and between 325 and 375 msec represents the top of the tight anticlinal structure. There is a distinct character change of this seismic event corresponding to a change in porosity in the geological model. The porosity is identified by the dim spot on traces 6 through 11 and the velocity pulldown of the underlying event. The results from this modeling indicate that seismic data could be used to identify porosity in this geological setting. A good description of modeling methods and a number of case study examples can be found in Fagin.<ref name=pt07r12>Fagin, S. W., 1991, Seismic Modeling of Geologic Structure: Tulsa, OK, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Geophysical Development Series, v. 2.</ref> |