Difference between revisions of "Top seal displacement pressure"
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| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | | part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | ||
| chapter = Evaluating top and fault seal | | chapter = Evaluating top and fault seal | ||
| − | | frompg = 10- | + | | frompg = 10-67 |
| − | | topg = 10- | + | | topg = 10-67 |
| author = Grant M. Skerlec | | author = Grant M. Skerlec | ||
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm | | link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch10/ch10.htm | ||
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==Calculation== | ==Calculation== | ||
| − | Displacement pressure (P<sub>d</sub>) is the pressure necessary to force hydrocarbons into the pore space of a rock and form a continuous hydrocarbon filament.<ref name=ch10r67>Schowalter, T. | + | [[Displacement pressure]] (P<sub>d</sub>) is the pressure necessary to force hydrocarbons into the pore space of a rock and form a continuous hydrocarbon filament.<ref name=ch10r67>Schowalter, T. T., 1979, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1977-79/data/pg/0063/0005/0700/0723.htm Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 723–760.</ref> Displacement pressure, which is measured in dynes/cm<sup>2</sup>, can be calculated by the following formula: |
:<math>\mbox{P}_{\rm d} = \frac{(2\gamma \cos \theta)}{\mbox{R}}</math> | :<math>\mbox{P}_{\rm d} = \frac{(2\gamma \cos \theta)}{\mbox{R}}</math> | ||
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==Wettability== | ==Wettability== | ||
| − | The wettability, or contact angle θ, is 0° for hydrocarbon/water.<ref name=ch10r5>Berg, R. | + | The [[wettability]], or contact angle θ, is 0° for hydrocarbon/water.<ref name=ch10r5>Berg, R. R., 1975, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1974-76/data/pg/0059/0006/0900/0939.htm Capillary pressure in stratigraphic traps]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 59, no. 6, p. 939–956.</ref> If the wetting phase is oil or gas rather than water, the contact angle can range from 0 to 180°. Not all rocks are water wet, and oil-wet seals may not be as rare as commonly thought.<ref name=ch10r15>Cuiec, L., 1987, [[Wettability]] and oil reservoirs, in J. Kleppe, E. W. Berg, A. T. Buller, O. Hjemeland, and O. Torsaeter, eds., North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs: London, Graham and Trotman, p. 193–207.</ref> Organic-rich sediments may be source, seal, and oil wet. |
==Interfacial tension== | ==Interfacial tension== | ||
| − | Hydrocarbon/brine interfacial tension values typically range from 15–72 dynes/cm.<ref name=ch10r87>Vavra, C. | + | Hydrocarbon/brine interfacial tension values typically range from 15–72 dynes/cm.<ref name=ch10r87>Vavra, C. L., J. G. Kaldi, and R. M. Sneider, 1992, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1992-93/data/pg/0076/0006/0000/0840.htm Geological applications of capillary pressure: a review]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 76, no. 6, p. 840–850.</ref><ref name=ch10r67 /><ref name=ch10r92>Watts, N. L., 1987, Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single and two-phase hydrocarbon columns: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 274–307, DOI: [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0264817287900080 10.1016/0264-8172(87)90008-0].</ref> Laboratory studies provide interfacial tension values for a range of gas and oil compositions.<ref name=ch10r31>Firoozabadi, A., and H. J. Ramey Jr., 1988, Surface tension of water-hydrocarbon systems at reservoir conditions: Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 41–48, DOI: [https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/PETSOC-88-03-03 10.2118/88-03-03].</ref> |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[How capillary properties control seal]] | * [[How capillary properties control seal]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Buoyancy pressure]] |
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Hydrocarbon column: calculation of maximum height]] |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | [[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | ||
[[Category:Evaluating top and fault seal]] | [[Category:Evaluating top and fault seal]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:56, 31 March 2022
| Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps | |
| |
| Series | Treatise in Petroleum Geology |
|---|---|
| Part | Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps |
| Chapter | Evaluating top and fault seal |
| Author | Grant M. Skerlec |
| Link | Web page |
| Store | AAPG Store |
Calculation
Displacement pressure (Pd) is the pressure necessary to force hydrocarbons into the pore space of a rock and form a continuous hydrocarbon filament.[1] Displacement pressure, which is measured in dynes/cm2, can be calculated by the following formula:
where:
- γ = interfacial tension, dynes/cm
- θ = contact angle or wettability, degrees
- R = pore throat radius, cm
Variables
The displacement pressure of a seal depends on both the physical character of the seal (pore throat radius and pore throat size distribution) and the physical character of the hydrocarbons (interfacial tension and wettability).
Wettability
The wettability, or contact angle θ, is 0° for hydrocarbon/water.[2] If the wetting phase is oil or gas rather than water, the contact angle can range from 0 to 180°. Not all rocks are water wet, and oil-wet seals may not be as rare as commonly thought.[3] Organic-rich sediments may be source, seal, and oil wet.
Interfacial tension
Hydrocarbon/brine interfacial tension values typically range from 15–72 dynes/cm.[4][1][5] Laboratory studies provide interfacial tension values for a range of gas and oil compositions.[6]
See also
- How capillary properties control seal
- Buoyancy pressure
- Hydrocarbon column: calculation of maximum height
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schowalter, T. T., 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 63, no. 5, p. 723–760.
- ↑ Berg, R. R., 1975, Capillary pressure in stratigraphic traps: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 59, no. 6, p. 939–956.
- ↑ Cuiec, L., 1987, Wettability and oil reservoirs, in J. Kleppe, E. W. Berg, A. T. Buller, O. Hjemeland, and O. Torsaeter, eds., North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs: London, Graham and Trotman, p. 193–207.
- ↑ Vavra, C. L., J. G. Kaldi, and R. M. Sneider, 1992, Geological applications of capillary pressure: a review: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 76, no. 6, p. 840–850.
- ↑ Watts, N. L., 1987, Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single and two-phase hydrocarbon columns: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 274–307, DOI: 10.1016/0264-8172(87)90008-0.
- ↑ Firoozabadi, A., and H. J. Ramey Jr., 1988, Surface tension of water-hydrocarbon systems at reservoir conditions: Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 41–48, DOI: 10.2118/88-03-03.
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