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• Tar sands
  ...ferentiate between [[crude oil]]s, on one hand, and bitumens on the other. Density (specific [[gravity]]) should be considered next. Tar sands were therefore
  7 KB (1,012 words) - 13:40, 18 March 2019
• Reservoir engineering
  ...y the rate of gas density in a pressure and temperature sub surface by gas density in equal temperature and pressure (usually in surface). </ref><ref name=Wic
  14 KB (2,122 words) - 17:33, 7 March 2016
• Seismic data - creating an integrated structure map
  ...eismic time picks exist. The wells used as control do not need velocity or density logs but must penetrate the event of interest. The event depth ''z'' (measu
  7 KB (1,117 words) - 17:51, 25 January 2022
• Porosity
  ...ied total porosity (see Effective porosity below). Total porosity from a [[density log]] would equate with the disaggregated oven-dried total porosity from [[ | Grain density readily determined
  24 KB (3,450 words) - 19:09, 20 January 2022
• Gravity applications: examples
  ..., sand, and river deposits. However, the subbasins, because they are lower density than cratonic [[basement]], can be identified in the gravity data as large
  6 KB (915 words) - 15:10, 31 January 2022
• Subduction zone
  ...se of subducting slab beside compression is density. [[Crust]] with higher density tends to move inside the Earth. According to the types of involved crust, s ...oves away from the ridge, conductive cooling turns the crust to be denser. Density of oceanic crust varies laterally, increasing from the ridge axis to the tr
  27 KB (4,033 words) - 20:52, 27 March 2019
• Structural geology
  ...load of the overlying sediments and the high mobility of the lowermost low density layer. ...forces of the growth faults are the deferential sediments load and the low density layers - evaporites or over-pressured shale - that are formed during or rig
  14 KB (2,168 words) - 21:31, 13 March 2019
• Drilling a well
  ...ixing in with the lighter oil as it flows to the surface will increase the density of flowing fluids within the tubing, and the production rate will fall. The ...ellbore and then through valves in the production tubing. This reduces the density of the producing fluid column and increases the flow rate. The gas will exp
  15 KB (2,385 words) - 15:05, 1 August 2016
• Reducing exploration risk
  In a petroleum province, drilling density usually indicates how intensively an area has been explored. Though this is
  8 KB (1,240 words) - 20:43, 25 January 2022
• Dip-leaking fault
  ...ge. Other possible controls in some basins include asymmetric [[fracture]] density and/or preferential hydraulic fracturing in the hanging wall.<ref name=ch10
  8 KB (1,130 words) - 17:14, 28 March 2022
• Measurement while drilling
  ...MWD tool provide a larger number of samples per foot. The increased sample density often results in better resolution of thin beds, particularly with electrom
  8 KB (1,083 words) - 21:18, 19 January 2022
• Shale tectonics
  ...cientists. Salt is known to extrude and flow as a result of differences in density of the material and surrounding sediments. However, movement of fine-graine ...81.2–2590.8 m/s) with very little increase in velocity with depth; (2) low density, estimated to be in the range of 2.1–2.3 g/cm³; (3) low resist
  17 KB (2,466 words) - 16:16, 10 January 2024
• China Shale Gas & Liquids - Sichuan Basin
  ...rized by high gamma ray (GR), high uranium (U), high acoustic (AC) and low density (DEN) (Fig. 3). Moreover, the gas-producing shale interval has high brittle
  7 KB (985 words) - 18:54, 4 December 2023
• Structural play geology
  | Density contrast Differential loading | Density contrast Differential loading
  18 KB (2,422 words) - 14:21, 2 February 2022
• Wellsite math
  * The density of the liquid (mud weight) ...he drill string, where to spot oil when the drill string is stuck, and the density of the intruding kick fluid.
  21 KB (3,142 words) - 15:10, 24 January 2022
• Plate tectonics and basin formation
  ...The subduction plate may also increase its density while it sinks, as low-density materials such as water are lost and as plate minerals collapse into denser
  24 KB (3,689 words) - 17:46, 18 April 2019
• Cross-well electromagnetic tomography monitoring of fluid distribution
  The receiver magnetic flux density is obtained by the following equation: | H_z || Magnetic flux density in the z-direction || Tesla (T) || kg.s^-2.A^-1
  18 KB (2,715 words) - 18:29, 8 February 2024
• Core alteration and preservation
  | Low-density polyethylene || 500 || 1.0 || 1900 | High-density polyethylene || 200 || 0.4 || 500
  20 KB (2,971 words) - 15:46, 19 January 2022
• Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems
  | Porosity, [[Quick-look lithology from logs|lithology]] (with sonic, density) | [[Basic open hole tools#Density|Density]] log
  38 KB (5,198 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
• Full waveform acoustic logging
  ...rement of formation shear wave velocity. Together with P wave velocity and density, one can obtain the shear modulus and compressibility of the formation, whi
  10 KB (1,530 words) - 20:47, 19 January 2022
• Tight gas reservoirs: evaluation
  ...ermeability gas reservoirs, crossover of the compensated neutron-formation density logs is the most reliable well log for indicating gas-saturated and porous
  11 KB (1,444 words) - 21:26, 4 January 2024
• China Shale Gas & Liquids - Bohai Bay Basin
  ...sphaltenes (in average 39.7% and 11.2%, respectively), and therefore, high density and viscosity (~57.7 mPa·s) (Figure 5), e.g., poor mobility. In addition,
  8 KB (1,251 words) - 15:51, 14 March 2022
• Magnetics
  | Horizontal density variations
  10 KB (1,481 words) - 15:39, 24 January 2022
• East Breaks hydrocarbon migration model
  ...saline brines is taking place—in part in response to differences in fluid density caused by spatial variations in temperature and salinity. The dissolution o
  10 KB (1,376 words) - 16:00, 23 March 2022
• Enhanced oil recovery
  ...perties of particular interest are interfacial tension, [[viscosity]], and density. In combination with the heterogeneity of the reservoir, these properties r
  12 KB (1,794 words) - 21:19, 19 January 2022
• Dolomite and dolomitization: Implications for reservoir characterization
  ...(PEF) of dolomite is 3.14 barns / electron (Schlumberger, 1989). The bulk density of dolomite is 2.87 g/cm3 (Schlumberger, 1989). The sonic matrix time for d ...spectively (Rashid et al., 2020; Zangana et al., 2020). Similarly, neutron-density cross-plot is also used for lithology identification (Fig. 16; Rider, 1996;
  38 KB (4,996 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
• Overview of routine core analysis
  ...ore system development or lithology require more frequent sampling. Sample density should be adequate to define net pay, [[Fluid contacts|hydrocarbon-water tr
  14 KB (2,121 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
• Recognizing stacked depositional sequences from well data
  ...pontaneous potential]], [[Basic open hole tools#Resistivity|resistivity]], density, and velocity logs calibrated by well-cutting descriptions and formation mi
  14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:16, 9 January 2024
• Petroleum exploration
  ...of wireline logging: radioactive log, consists of Gamma Ray, Neutron, and Density; electric log, consists of SP and resistivity; acoustic log; image log; and
  15 KB (2,331 words) - 19:12, 17 April 2019
• Basin modeling: identifying and quantifying significant uncertainties
  ** Density, heat capacity ...control the thermal and fluid transport properties (thermal conductivity, density, heat capacity, radiogenic heat, and [[permeability]]) that control thermal
  38 KB (5,890 words) - 15:16, 23 August 2016
• Well completion
  ...ndable gun costs slightly more that an expendable gun with comparable shot density. Like the expendable gun, the semi-expendable gun can use larger jet charge
  19 KB (2,910 words) - 21:06, 18 January 2022
• Diagenetically complex reservoir evaluation
  ...e ([[Basic open hole tools#Gamma ray|GR]], [[Basic open hole tools#Density|density]], [[Basic open hole tools#Compensated neutron|neutron]], or [[Basic open h
  31 KB (4,171 words) - 18:22, 21 January 2022
• Flow units for reservoir characterization
  ...on petrophysical properties, changes in texture, cementation, [[fracture]] density, differences in sedimentary structures or bedding styles, and/or separation
  16 KB (2,282 words) - 20:46, 19 January 2022
• Reservoir modeling for simulation purposes
  ...be modeled is a function of both the degree of heterogeneity and the data density. At an early stage of development, one may be restricted to seismic data, s
  17 KB (2,234 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
• Wattenberg field
  ...signated H.M. Note perforated interval 8160–8173 ft and associated neutron-density crossover gas effect. ...ch map of the Codell Sandstone, porosity greater than 6% using 2.68 matrix density; contour interval 5 ft. Porous Codell ranges in thickness from 5 to 25 ft a
  72 KB (10,249 words) - 20:06, 15 January 2024
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
  ...r level represents organic matter. The brighter gray level reflects higher density [[carbonate]] phases, and the brightest gray level represents [[pyrite]]. N
  16 KB (2,441 words) - 20:24, 23 January 2019
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage
  ...However, site-specific assessment requires more detailed data such as high-density 2-D or [[Three-dimensional seismic method|3-D seismic]], [[Overview of rout The high-density data sets are needed to evaluate the [[reservoir]] and [[Seal rock|seal]] g
  37 KB (5,487 words) - 21:14, 11 March 2019
• Reservoir simulation study
  ...tional models. These models may exhibit such complexities as a fluid whose density is linearly proportional to depth or whose phase switches repeatedly betwee
  19 KB (2,711 words) - 17:48, 21 January 2022
• Show evaluation
  * Mud weight and effective circulation density
  18 KB (2,670 words) - 18:21, 21 January 2022
• Arecuna field
  ...s, and mapped throughout the data volume. Nine wells, all having sonic and density logs and some having check-shot surveys, were used to generate the syntheti
  16 KB (2,381 words) - 19:03, 11 March 2019
• Delta plain, subaqueous
  ...of river-mouth-bar sand bodies is determined by riverine flow conditions, density contrast between issuing ambient water, bottom slope seaward of the mouth, ...ent and the bed just seaward of the mouth; and (c) buoyancy resulting from density contrasts between issuing and ambient fluids.
  60 KB (9,022 words) - 17:17, 21 March 2016
• Mudstones
  ...ium; clay minerals versus thorium or potassium; pyrite and TOC versus bulk density; after Bohacs et al. .<ref name=Bhcs2014a />). Oc. Chem. = ocean chemistry.
  16 KB (2,352 words) - 18:46, 4 December 2023
• Fluid inclusions: analysis and applications
  ...etroleum inclusions at room temperature: liquid and vapor. Composition and density are the two main factors that control the proportion of liquid and vapor. V
  20 KB (2,691 words) - 21:06, 21 April 2022
• Permeability
  ..., McGraw Hill, 287 p.</ref> take into account differences in viscosity and density. Thus, permeability can be determined with fluids other than water as long
  19 KB (2,716 words) - 19:02, 20 January 2022
• Geology workstation
  ...the kit is generation of [[synthetic seismograms]] from input sonic and [[density log]] data (which should be integrated with the log analysis database). Int
  19 KB (2,872 words) - 14:28, 20 January 2022
• Log analysis applications
  ...values to each other at the same depth, such as core [[porosity]] and bulk density. Each type of wireline tool measures a different rock property. By studying
  21 KB (3,142 words) - 16:20, 20 January 2022
• Fractured reservoir evaluation
  ...ata/pg/0068/0005/0600/0637.htm A method for estimating subsurface fracture density in core]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 68, p. 637–648.</ref><ref name=pt06r96>Nolen-
  26 KB (3,674 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
• West Texas Super Basin
  ...itional plays are less economic when exploited in the productive but lower density hydrocarbon and higher water cut, a more regional part of these transitiona ...continent unconventional resource plays, other than the Woodford, have low-density hydrocarbon concentration and, typically, high-water productivity. These hy
  157 KB (23,278 words) - 18:36, 16 January 2024
• Depositional environments
  ...ts far into the lake, also may transport sediment by turbidity current and density underflows to the basin. So, there are many depositional mechanisms that op
  26 KB (3,851 words) - 20:38, 28 February 2019
• Relationship between porosity and permeability on fractured basement reservoir
  ...parameter of fluids and rock that effects flow in the fractured media are density, viscosity, surface tension, bazaar properties, fracture length, fractured
  29 KB (4,601 words) - 16:09, 12 April 2016
• White paper: Hydraulic fracturing
  ...and water. The location, size and design of the rock’s existing fractures, density and variations in subsurface pressures also affect the hydraulic fracturing
  27 KB (4,076 words) - 16:33, 19 July 2016
• Faults: structural geology
  ...seen in cores. Structural core logging may be required if there is a high density of such features or where knowledge of the detailed fault or fracture patte * the density and orientation of open fractures
  63 KB (9,496 words) - 16:51, 15 January 2024
• Meandering fluvial reservoirs
  | High density of faulting || Small faults can create connectivity in layered sandy fluvia
  32 KB (4,727 words) - 21:03, 15 January 2024
• Appalachian Basin Marcellus gas play
  ...ynesville shales, which have higher pressure gradients combined with lower density open natural fracture networks. These modern shale-gas plays rely more on t ...high organic content of key Marcellus Shale play intervals. G/C3 = matrix density ρmatrix (in grams per cubic centimeter); GAPI = gamma-ray API units; SEM =
  89 KB (13,415 words) - 19:16, 16 January 2024
• Vaca Muerta play
  ...development of an unconventional play: flat geomorphology, low population density, easy water access, limited competition for surface use and existing oil an ...astic system. When a distinguishable shelf break was created, salinity and density contrast in the water masses enhanced the current activity triggering hydro
  77 KB (11,201 words) - 20:07, 15 January 2024
• Three-dimensional modeling of clinoforms in shallow-marine reservoirs
  | Oil density (ρ_o) || 650 || kg/m³ | Water density (ρ_w) || 950 || kg/m³
  113 KB (16,689 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
• Phanerozoic Tethys region
  ..._1984>Wilde, P., and Berry, W. B. N., 1984, Destabilization of the oceanic density structure and its significance to marine ‘extinction’ events: Palaeogeo
  79 KB (11,542 words) - 18:47, 19 July 2016

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