Difference between revisions of "True resistivity determination"
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| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | | part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | ||
| chapter = Predicting reservoir system quality and performance | | chapter = Predicting reservoir system quality and performance | ||
| − | | frompg = 9- | + | | frompg = 9-48 |
| − | | topg = 9- | + | | topg = 9-48 |
| author = Dan J. Hartmann, Edward A. Beaumont | | author = Dan J. Hartmann, Edward A. Beaumont | ||
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch09/ch09.htm | | link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch09/ch09.htm | ||
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| isbn = 0-89181-602-X | | isbn = 0-89181-602-X | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | The true resistivity (R<sub>t</sub>) of a formation is its resistivity when not contaminated by [[drilling fluid]]s. It may contain formation water only (water saturation [S<sub>w</sub>] = 100%) or formation water and hydrocarbons (S<sub>w</sub> < 100%). Using a valid R<sub>t</sub> is fundamental when analyzing well logs for the presence of hydrocarbons. For a discussion of resistivity concepts see Asquith, 1982. | + | The true resistivity (R<sub>t</sub>) of a formation is its resistivity when not contaminated by [[drilling fluid]]s. It may contain formation water only ([[water saturation]] [S<sub>w</sub>] = 100%) or [[formation water]] and hydrocarbons (S<sub>w</sub> < 100%). Using a valid R<sub>t</sub> is fundamental when analyzing well logs for the presence of hydrocarbons. For a discussion of resistivity concepts see Asquith, 1982. |
==How invasion affects r<sub>t</sub> measurement== | ==How invasion affects r<sub>t</sub> measurement== | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
[[file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-29.png|500px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Resistivity profiles of formations with fresh and saltwater mud filtrate invasion.]] | [[file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-29.png|500px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Resistivity profiles of formations with fresh and saltwater mud filtrate invasion.]] | ||
| − | During the drilling process, filtrate water from the drilling fluid invades the formation. Its resistivity (R<sub>mf</sub>) is either greater than, less than, or equal to R<sub>t</sub> and can distort deep resistivities. Distortions to resistivities due to invasion must be corrected to get a valid R<sub>t</sub> value. The diagram in [[:file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-29.png|Figure 1]] shows resistivity profiles of formations with fresh and saltwater mud filtrate invasion. | + | During the drilling process, filtrate water from the drilling fluid invades the formation. Its [[Resistivity of mud filtrate|resistivity (R<sub>mf</sub>)]] is either greater than, less than, or equal to R<sub>t</sub> and can distort deep resistivities. Distortions to resistivities due to invasion must be corrected to get a valid R<sub>t</sub> value. The diagram in [[:file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-29.png|Figure 1]] shows resistivity profiles of formations with fresh and saltwater mud filtrate invasion. |
==Obtaining a valid r<sub>t</sub> value== | ==Obtaining a valid r<sub>t</sub> value== | ||
To obtain an uninvaded zone resistivity (R<sub>t</sub>) | To obtain an uninvaded zone resistivity (R<sub>t</sub>) | ||
| − | # Read the resistivity of the log with deepest investigation (ILD, LLD, etc.). | + | # Read the [[Basic_open_hole_tools#Resistivity|resistivity]] of the log with deepest investigation (deep induction log [ILD], deep laterolog [LLD], etc.). |
#Use the table below to determine how to make corrections. | #Use the table below to determine how to make corrections. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! If… | + | ! If… || Then… |
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Bed is < 20 ft thick for an [[Basic open hole tools#Induction|induction log]] or < 4 ft thick for a [[Basic open hole tools#Laterologs|laterolog]] | + | | Bed is < 20 ft thick for an [[Basic open hole tools#Induction|induction log]] or < 4 ft thick for a [[Basic open hole tools#Laterologs|laterolog]] || Correct for this bed using appropriate service company chart |
| − | | Correct for this bed using appropriate service company chart | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Shallow, medium, and deep investigating tools measure different resistivities (i.e., log has step profile) | + | | Shallow, medium, and deep investigating tools measure different resistivities (i.e., log has step profile) || Correct for invasion using appropriate service company tornado chart |
| − | | Correct for invasion using appropriate service company tornado chart | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 43: | Line 40: | ||
* [[Archie equation]] | * [[Archie equation]] | ||
* [[Calculating Rw from SP logs]] | * [[Calculating Rw from SP logs]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Pickett plot construction]] |
| + | * [[Basic open hole tools]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 52: | Line 50: | ||
[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | [[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | ||
[[Category:Predicting reservoir system quality and performance]] | [[Category:Predicting reservoir system quality and performance]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:16, 5 April 2022
| Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps | |
| |
| Series | Treatise in Petroleum Geology |
|---|---|
| Part | Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps |
| Chapter | Predicting reservoir system quality and performance |
| Author | Dan J. Hartmann, Edward A. Beaumont |
| Link | Web page |
| Store | AAPG Store |
The true resistivity (Rt) of a formation is its resistivity when not contaminated by drilling fluids. It may contain formation water only (water saturation [Sw] = 100%) or formation water and hydrocarbons (Sw < 100%). Using a valid Rt is fundamental when analyzing well logs for the presence of hydrocarbons. For a discussion of resistivity concepts see Asquith, 1982.
How invasion affects rt measurement
During the drilling process, filtrate water from the drilling fluid invades the formation. Its resistivity (Rmf) is either greater than, less than, or equal to Rt and can distort deep resistivities. Distortions to resistivities due to invasion must be corrected to get a valid Rt value. The diagram in Figure 1 shows resistivity profiles of formations with fresh and saltwater mud filtrate invasion.
Obtaining a valid rt value
To obtain an uninvaded zone resistivity (Rt)
- Read the resistivity of the log with deepest investigation (deep induction log [ILD], deep laterolog [LLD], etc.).
- Use the table below to determine how to make corrections.
| If… | Then… |
|---|---|
| Bed is < 20 ft thick for an induction log or < 4 ft thick for a laterolog | Correct for this bed using appropriate service company chart |
| Shallow, medium, and deep investigating tools measure different resistivities (i.e., log has step profile) | Correct for invasion using appropriate service company tornado chart |
See also
- Determining water saturation
- Archie equation
- Calculating Rw from SP logs
- Pickett plot construction
- Basic open hole tools
External links
| find literature about True resistivity determination |
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