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• Buoyancy pressure
  ...occur together, they create a buoyancy pressure that is a function of the density difference between the two fluids and the length of the less-dense fluid co * ρ_w = density of water, g/cm³
  4 KB (596 words) - 18:37, 17 February 2022
• Borehole gravity applications: examples
  ...density measurements and the gamma-gamma log density measurements. (right) Density values measured by the BHGM (left line) and the gamma-gamma tools (right li ...aused by a remote higher [[porosity]] zone not detected by the gamma-gamma density log. The broader difference anomaly observed over the length of the interva
  11 KB (1,596 words) - 18:08, 24 January 2022
• Pressure prediction: analysis of well-log and seismic data
  [[Basic open hole tools#Resistivity|Resistivity]], sonic, and density logs (as well as some others) can give clues to the presence of over- or un ...depth, mark the value of resistivity, conductivity, sonic travel time, or density.
  5 KB (733 words) - 17:57, 17 February 2022
• Migration rate calculation
  ...a, including [[permeability]] of carrier beds, [[viscosity]] of oil, fluid density, and [http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/p/pore_pressure.aspx po * ρ_hc = hydrocarbon density (kg/m³)
  4 KB (618 words) - 19:40, 14 February 2022
• Borehole gravity
  ...n 6330 and 6370 ft is caused by porosity not detected by the gamma-gamma [[density log]]. The broader difference anomaly observed over the length of the logge ...e [[gravity]] meter (BHGM) can be described simply as a deep-investigating density logging tool. Applications range beyond this simple description to include
  10 KB (1,517 words) - 15:54, 20 January 2022
• Using conventional well logs to estimate richness
  ...ydrogen and carbon contents. All of these attributes can be measured using density sonic, neutron, [[Basic open hole tools#Gamma ray|gamma ray]], and [[Basic | Density || Low (approx. 1 g/cm³ ) || Similar to pore fluids
  5 KB (768 words) - 15:48, 9 February 2022
• Borehole gravity tool
  ...tion_fig15-10.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Fundamentals of measuring density using a borehole gravity sensor. From Schowalter;<ref name=Schowalter1979>S ...y of the intervening layer. The result is a direct computation of the bulk density of that layer.
  5 KB (720 words) - 18:07, 24 January 2022
• API gravity
  ...of the American Petroleum Institute (API) that is inversely related to the density of liquid petroleum: API [[gravity]] = (141.5&deg;/[secific gravity at 16&d
  951 bytes (140 words) - 14:03, 25 February 2016
• Designing a surficial geochemical survey
  ...s.com/data/specpubs/memoir66/18/0243.htm Importance of sampling design and density in target recognition], in D. Schumacher and M. A. Abrams, eds., Hydrocarbo ==Sample density==
  6 KB (826 words) - 17:33, 25 January 2022
• Hydrocarbon column: calculation of maximum height
  * ''ρ_w'' = density of water, g/cm³ * ''ρ_h'' = density of hydrocarbon, g/cm³
  3 KB (488 words) - 16:13, 31 March 2022
• Hydrodynamic traps: mapping
  ...ynamic traps. Combining formation fluid pressures with other data, such as density and subsea elevation, produces maps that help outline areas where hydrodyna #*Note: Use gas density where gas is expected and oil density where oil is expected.
  4 KB (601 words) - 22:27, 17 February 2022
• Hydrofractured seal leakage
  ...static pressure gradient is estimated from [[Basic_open_hole_tools#Density|density logs]] or [[porosity]] trend. * Petroleum density is estimated from the gas-oil ratio (GOR), [[API gravity]], temperature, an
  5 KB (679 words) - 17:11, 1 February 2022
• Fluid-composition trap regime
  ...bility]], [[Wikipedia:Miscibility|immiscibility]], and [[Wikipedia:Density|density]] contrasts between [[hydrocarbon]]s and water are major factors that allow
  3 KB (402 words) - 16:31, 13 April 2022
• Synthetic seismogram
  Velocity data from the sonic log (and the [[density log]], if available) are used to create a synthetic seismic trace. This tra ...ves are digitized at a sample interval of 0.5 to [[length::1 ft]]. (If the density curve is not available, the sonic alone may be used.)
  8 KB (1,199 words) - 13:57, 24 January 2022
• Formation evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs
  ===Correction curve on the compensated density log=== The Δρ (delta rho) curve corrects the [[Basic open hole tools#Density|density log]] for the effect of rough borehole and mud cake. As such, the correctio
  9 KB (1,380 words) - 17:25, 18 January 2022
• Seismic data display
  In exploration seismology, reflections are recorded from velocity or density contrasts in the rock sequence. By SEG convention, an increase in velocity, ...trace, (b) variable area, (c) variable area wiggle trace, and (d) variable density. Copyright: Conoco Inc.]]
  9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:17, 19 January 2022
• Hydrostatic pressure gradient
  * [[Estimating formation water density]]
  2 KB (207 words) - 18:56, 16 February 2022
• Gravity data processing
  | Elevation & surface density | Detailed topography & surface density
  4 KB (519 words) - 14:16, 31 January 2022
• Factors that cause migration
  ...ity is less than that of water. This buoyancy force is proportional to the density difference and the height of the [[hydrocarbon column]]. It acts vertically ...ssure (P) decreases the buoyancy force as the hydrocarbons are buried. The density of hydrocarbons increases more rapidly than that of water as pressure incre
  6 KB (918 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
• Seismic data interpretation - recurring themes
  ...effect, an edge detection technique. The bigger the [[velocity]] and/or [[density]] contrast between the rocks, the stronger the edge. ...uding a [[Fluid contacts|fluid contact]], [[porosity]] variation, or shale density change.
  5 KB (739 words) - 18:51, 27 January 2022
• Hydrodynamic influence on trapping
  * ρ_w = water density * ρ_h = [[hydrocarbon]] density
  4 KB (582 words) - 22:08, 17 February 2022
• Buoyancy forces in reservoir fluids
  ...the oil-water interface and the force of gravity acting together with the density contrast between the reservoir fluids, tending to pull the water down. ...rocarbon-water interface and the force of gravity acting together with the density contrast between the reservoir fluids, acting to pull the water down.<ref n
  8 KB (1,182 words) - 20:27, 3 March 2016
• Seismic data preparation for mapping
  # Compute a synthetic seismogram for each online well with a sonic or [[density log]]. .... Another option is to convert sonic log (or velocity, density, velocity * density) to time and directly overlay onto the seismic section being interpreted. F
  7 KB (1,064 words) - 19:11, 27 January 2022
• Standard interpretation
  ...ty formations, the compensated neutron in very low porosity formations, or density versus neutron crossplots in known lithologies. ...ic|sonic]] logs. When using a single porosity measuring device such as the density, neutron, or sonic, assumptions are normally required to estimate porosity.
  25 KB (3,776 words) - 19:53, 18 January 2022
• Determining water saturation
  * [[Determining porosity from density-neutron logs]]
  2 KB (244 words) - 13:38, 5 April 2022
• Preprocessing of logging data
  ...log. The gamma ray from the density curve and all curves recorded with the density are then shifted to match the induction log depths. The base curve should a ...epth shifts required. Core bulk density usually correlates well with the [[density log]] because lithologic variations are eliminated, resulting in two simila
  13 KB (2,094 words) - 17:42, 18 January 2022
• The gravity method
  ...' that are caused by rocks having anomalous density in comparison with the density of the surrounding rocks. ...in aircraft, and in boreholes.<ref name=pt07r31>LaFehr, T. R., 1983, Rock density from [[borehole gravity]] surveys: Geophysics, v. 48, p. 341, DOI: [http://
  6 KB (854 words) - 16:19, 20 January 2022
• Core-to-log transformations and porosity-permeability relationships
  ...}Plot showing unshifted core porosity in spiked format, together with bulk density log. ...|{{figure number|2}}Plot showing shitted core porosity, together with bulk density log.
  14 KB (1,893 words) - 20:15, 2 February 2016
• Drilling fluid
  ...on and the subsurface environment. The most critical of the properties are density, [[viscosity]], fluid loss control, and chemical composition. ===Density===
  13 KB (1,866 words) - 21:17, 19 January 2022
• Tool table
  | [[Basic open hole tools#Density|Density]] || 6 || 16 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || 0–2.0 || × ||
  5 KB (544 words) - 16:27, 18 January 2022
• Well log analysis for reservoir characterization
  | Density (RHOB) || Lithology interpretation, finding hydrocarbon bearing zone, poros ...veral logs, there are gamma ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, and [[density log]]. Basically, a formation with high gamma ray reading indicates that it
  25 KB (3,679 words) - 21:17, 13 March 2019
• Perforation design
  ...al angle for shots (phasing). Thus, allowing for more shots per foot (shot density). As for the hollow guns, it leave no debris within the tubing. * Port plug guns: This kind is used for deep penetration with a density of four shots per foot
  12 KB (1,786 words) - 21:02, 21 April 2022
• Fracture threshold in the real world
  ...) of water column. The water column substitutes low-density water for high-density rock. The result is a shift of P_f to lower values. If the water Similarly, facies changes within a basin can alter the density distribution in the sediment column and seal risk. A facies change from den
  6 KB (930 words) - 15:49, 30 March 2022
• Offshore exploration and exploitation
  Registers the variation of rock density, taking as reference the Earth gravitational field ([[:File:Figura 1.jpeg|F ...in each interest area, which results in a seismic data volume, with bigger density than r2-D seismic, and provides better ubication of the structures. This me
  5 KB (708 words) - 22:00, 10 April 2019
• Archie equation
  ...matrix || Use density– neutron crossplot (See [[Determining porosity from density-neutron logs]].)
  5 KB (703 words) - 13:52, 5 April 2022
• Gravity basics
  ...it is not as good as [[magnetics]] in determining depth to source because density distributions tend to be diffuse in the subsurface.
  5 KB (720 words) - 17:59, 24 January 2022
• Petroleum source rock formation
  ...n-restricted sediments at depths below wave base, in stagnant waters where density or temperature-stratified water columns form, and in other areas where oxyg
  2 KB (296 words) - 17:35, 13 April 2022
• Sorrento field: water saturation
  ...sity|Density logs]] were the primary source of [[porosity]] values. Matrix density appears to be about 2.68 g/cc, based on core-measured grain densities (cons
  7 KB (1,044 words) - 16:57, 13 April 2022
• Amplitude variations with offset (AVO)
  ...ced by the parameters of the speed and density of the coating, so that the density of the layer can be analyzed by analyzing the reflection coefficient. AVO m ...cient reflections will be the difference of acoustic impedance (product of density and P velocity) over the sum.
  9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:39, 27 March 2019
• FWhitehurst sandbox
  * bulk density http://physics.about.com/od/fluidmechanics/f/density.htm * density (but not density log) http://physics.about.com/od/fluidmechanics/f/density.htm
  22 KB (3,024 words) - 21:42, 19 December 2014
• Quick-look lithology from logs
  * Formation density ==Formation density logs (Alone)==
  25 KB (3,637 words) - 19:39, 18 January 2022
• Seal capacity of different rock types
  ...0.85 g/cm³, an interfacial tension of 21 dynes/cm, and a brine density of 1.05 g/cm³. Data were compiled from Smith<ref name=ch10r76>Sm
  5 KB (760 words) - 20:55, 31 March 2022
• Open hole tools
  * '''Fluid properties''', which include density, gas to oil ratio, [[API gravity]], water resistivity and salinity, tempera | rowspan = 4 | [[Porosity]] and Lithology || Density
  23 KB (3,350 words) - 17:26, 18 January 2022
• Hydrocarbon reservoirs associated to layered intrusive bodies
  ...where their density is equated with the host rocks. It may happen that the density remains below the rocks of the environment and that the magma is detained i
  10 KB (1,475 words) - 16:29, 4 April 2019
• Intact membrane seal leakage
  .... 59, p. 939–956.</ref> in conjunction with estimates of in situ petroleum density.
  3 KB (475 words) - 17:08, 1 February 2022
• Contourites
  ...vertical. If it presents low density it will remain surface, while a high density will sink. In turn, this property is dependent on temperature and salinity. * '''Salinity''': High concentrations cause an increase in the density of water; while its low concentration, decrease it.
  13 KB (1,889 words) - 19:11, 6 April 2016
• Log analysis: lithology
  The M-N crossplot uses the density, [[Basic open hole tools#Compensated neutron|compensated neutron]], and com ...t zero porosity. RHOMAA results from a mathematical projection of the bulk density of an interval to its value at zero porosity. These projections to zero por
  25 KB (3,189 words) - 17:24, 18 January 2022
• Pressure detection
  ...of pressure above normal follows the aquathermal gradient (constant water density) and then follows the fracture gradient.<ref name=pt03r8>Barker, C., and B. ...of abnormally high [[porosity]]) than normal shales at a given depth. The density of shale cuttings can be measured by several methods. Also, the shape of dr
  16 KB (2,450 words) - 21:42, 20 January 2022
• Normal hydrostatic pressure
  * Rate of pressure change depends only on water density.
  3 KB (480 words) - 13:47, 16 February 2022
• Pressure prediction: analysis of mud weights
  * [[Formation water density|Formation water]] and gas cutting of the mud
  4 KB (572 words) - 17:56, 17 February 2022

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