Difference between revisions of "Reservoir system"
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| part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | | part = Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps | ||
| chapter = Predicting reservoir system quality and performance | | chapter = Predicting reservoir system quality and performance | ||
| − | | frompg = 9- | + | | frompg = 9-5 |
| − | | topg = 9- | + | | topg = 9-5 |
| author = Dan J. Hartmann, Edward A. Beaumont | | author = Dan J. Hartmann, Edward A. Beaumont | ||
| link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch09/ch09.htm | | link = http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/beaumont/ch09/ch09.htm | ||
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| isbn = 0-89181-602-X | | isbn = 0-89181-602-X | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | The term “reservoir” creates confusion between different disciplines. Explorationists apply the term to mean a porous and permeable rock regardless of the fluid it contains. Reservoir engineers apply the term to mean a rock that contains | + | The term “reservoir” creates confusion between different disciplines. Explorationists apply the term to mean a [[Porosity|porous]] and [[Permeability|permeable]] rock regardless of the fluid it contains. Reservoir engineers apply the term to mean a rock that contains [[hydrocarbon]]s and associated fluids. This difference in meanings can cause problems for multidisciplinary teams unless the terminology is clear. |
==Reservoir system components== | ==Reservoir system components== | ||
| − | [[file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-1.png|thumb|{{figure number|1}} | + | [[file:predicting-reservoir-system-quality-and-performance_fig9-1.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Major components of a conventional reservoir system.]] |
| − | In this discussion, a reservoir system is a | + | In this discussion, a reservoir system is a water–[[hydrocarbon]] system contained within the pores of a rock unit. A reservoir system has three main components: a [[reservoir]], an aquifer, and a transition zone (interface) between the two. |
| − | * A '''reservoir''' is a porous and permeable rock saturated with oil or gas in [[buoyancy pressure]] equilibrium with a free water level (zero buoyancy pressure). It has one or more containers and is located below a seal. | + | * A '''reservoir''' is a [[Porosity|porous]] and [[Permeability|permeable]] rock saturated with oil or gas in [[buoyancy pressure]] equilibrium with a [[free water level]] (zero buoyancy pressure). It has one or more containers and is located below a seal. |
* A '''transition zone''' is the interval of rock separating the reservoir from the aquifer; it is less than 100% saturated with water. | * A '''transition zone''' is the interval of rock separating the reservoir from the aquifer; it is less than 100% saturated with water. | ||
* An '''aquifer''' is a porous and permeable rock 100% saturated with water. It has one or more containers that may or may not be shared with a reservoir. | * An '''aquifer''' is a porous and permeable rock 100% saturated with water. It has one or more containers that may or may not be shared with a reservoir. | ||
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==Waste and transition zones== | ==Waste and transition zones== | ||
| − | A '''waste zone''' may be found at the top of a reservoir, just below the seal, if there is a decrease in the size of the pore throat radii of the reservoir. It generally produces hydrocarbon and water on a production test | + | A '''waste zone''' may be found at the top of a [[reservoir]], just below the [[Seal capacity of different rock types|seal]], if there is a decrease in the size of the pore throat radii of the reservoir. It generally produces hydrocarbon and water on a production test.<ref name=Schowalter_1979>Schowalter, T. T., 1979, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1977-79/data/pg/0063/0005/0700/0723.htm?q=%2BtitleStrip%3Amechanics+titleStrip%3Asecondary+titleStrip%3Ahydrocarbon+titleStrip%3Amigration+titleStrip%3Aentrapment Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, no. 5, p. 723-760.</ref> |
| − | A '''transition zone''' is located at the base of a reservoir and forms as a result of a loss of buoyancy pressure in the hydrocarbon phase. Pore throat diameter and fluid densities determine its thickness. It generally produces hydrocarbon and water on a production test. | + | A '''transition zone''' is located at the base of a reservoir and forms as a result of a loss of [[buoyancy pressure]] in the hydrocarbon phase. [[Connectivity_and_pore_throat_size#Characterizing_pore_systems_by_size|Pore throat diameter]] and fluid densities determine its thickness. It generally produces hydrocarbon and water on a production test. |
==Free water level== | ==Free water level== | ||
{{main|Free water level}} | {{main|Free water level}} | ||
| − | The '''free water level''' is located at the base of a hydrocarbon column and the transition zone. Above this level, the reservoir produces water alone, hydrocarbon and water, or hydrocarbon alone on a production test. Below this level lies the aquifer of a water-drive reservoir system. It produces water only. Zero buoyancy pressure exists at this level or below. | + | The '''free water level''' is located at the base of a [[hydrocarbon column]] and the transition zone. Above this level, the reservoir produces water alone, hydrocarbon and water, or hydrocarbon alone on a production test. Below this level lies the aquifer of a [[Drive_mechanisms_and_recovery#Water_drive|water-drive]] reservoir system. It produces water only. Zero [[buoyancy pressure]] exists at this level or below. |
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | {{reflist}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| − | + | ||
* [[Analyzing a reservoir system]] | * [[Analyzing a reservoir system]] | ||
* [[Defining flow units and containers]] | * [[Defining flow units and containers]] | ||
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[[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | [[Category:Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps]] | ||
[[Category:Predicting reservoir system quality and performance]] | [[Category:Predicting reservoir system quality and performance]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Treatise Handbook 3]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:34, 1 April 2022
| Exploring for Oil and Gas Traps | |
| |
| Series | Treatise in Petroleum Geology |
|---|---|
| Part | Predicting the occurrence of oil and gas traps |
| Chapter | Predicting reservoir system quality and performance |
| Author | Dan J. Hartmann, Edward A. Beaumont |
| Link | Web page |
| Store | AAPG Store |
The term “reservoir” creates confusion between different disciplines. Explorationists apply the term to mean a porous and permeable rock regardless of the fluid it contains. Reservoir engineers apply the term to mean a rock that contains hydrocarbons and associated fluids. This difference in meanings can cause problems for multidisciplinary teams unless the terminology is clear.
Reservoir system components
In this discussion, a reservoir system is a water–hydrocarbon system contained within the pores of a rock unit. A reservoir system has three main components: a reservoir, an aquifer, and a transition zone (interface) between the two.
- A reservoir is a porous and permeable rock saturated with oil or gas in buoyancy pressure equilibrium with a free water level (zero buoyancy pressure). It has one or more containers and is located below a seal.
- A transition zone is the interval of rock separating the reservoir from the aquifer; it is less than 100% saturated with water.
- An aquifer is a porous and permeable rock 100% saturated with water. It has one or more containers that may or may not be shared with a reservoir.
The diagram in Figure 1 illustrates the major components of a conventional reservoir system.
Waste and transition zones
A waste zone may be found at the top of a reservoir, just below the seal, if there is a decrease in the size of the pore throat radii of the reservoir. It generally produces hydrocarbon and water on a production test.[1]
A transition zone is located at the base of a reservoir and forms as a result of a loss of buoyancy pressure in the hydrocarbon phase. Pore throat diameter and fluid densities determine its thickness. It generally produces hydrocarbon and water on a production test.
Free water level
Main article: Free water level
The free water level is located at the base of a hydrocarbon column and the transition zone. Above this level, the reservoir produces water alone, hydrocarbon and water, or hydrocarbon alone on a production test. Below this level lies the aquifer of a water-drive reservoir system. It produces water only. Zero buoyancy pressure exists at this level or below.
References
- ↑ Schowalter, T. T., 1979, Mechanics of secondary hydrocarbon migration and entrapment: AAPG Bulletin, v. 63, no. 5, p. 723-760.
See also
- Analyzing a reservoir system
- Defining flow units and containers
- Reservoir drive mechanisms
- Predicting reservoir drive mechanism
External links
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