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...ds on the values of fluid saturations. Relative permeability to oil (K_ro), gas (K_rg), or water (K_rw) is the ratio of eff ==Why k_ro or k_rg is less than k_ab==

** [[Ro]]

:<math>M = (k_{\rm rw}/k_{\rm ro}) \times (\mu_{\rm o}/\mu_{\rm w})</math> * ''k''_ro = relative permeability of oil

...permeability, ''k''_a, and relative oil permeability, ''k''_ro: :<math>k_{\rm eo} = k_{\rm a} \times k_{\rm ro}</math>

...n, in average of 3.6% TOC, and at the oil-mature stage with 0.68% to 1.16% Ro (Zhao et al., 2018). The shale matrix has a porosity of less than 10% and p ...c matter origin and mainly at the immature to high mature stage up to 1.3% Ro (Zhang et al., 2012). At the very beginning, the Shahejie Formation special

:<math>K_{ro} = \text{S*}_o^4</math> * Shape of 2 relative permeability curve K_ro, K_rw can be various depends on water fracture saturation f

...hickness of 20-40m, an average TOC content of 2-4%, vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 2-3.5%, porosity of 1.85-8.32%, and pressure coefficient of 1.3-2.1 (Zo

;RO:reversed out

...any Shale is dominantly within the oil window, with vitrinite reflectance (Ro) ranging from < 0.5% to 1.5% (Figure 3), and it is the primary source rock

...ate into host rock due to very low porosity and permeability. The Tmax and Ro values indicate that natural bitumen were subjected to high temperatures an ...er of Petroleum Geology of Turkey: TPAO, Ankara p. 34–48.</ref> has mapped Ro, TOC, and TOM and concluded that shales of Oligocene age have oil, and sili

:<math>M = (k_{\rm rw}/\mu_{\rm w})/(k_{\rm ro}/\mu_{\rm o})</math>

* Mapping maturation indicators (gas unlikely where reservoir Ro> 2.8%)

| Measured VR (%''Ro'') || ''(Suppressed)''

...ive permeability]] method || Location and relative magnitudes of ''k''_ro and ''k''_rw curves

...ile Report 2002-302, 57 p.</ref> DC = District of Columbia; DE = Delaware; Ro = vitrinite reflectance.]] ...io, and southern New York. At thermal maturity values of greater than 3.5% Ro, the potential from the Marcellus Shale may become problematic based on the

: <math>k_{ro} = (1 - S_w^*)^3 (1 + S_w^*)</math>

...ness in Fort Collins is the sweet spot area for production. Also shown are Ro values for shales above the Muddy (J). Vitrinite reflectance contours modif ...es shown by dashed orange line. Note coincidence of isopach thin area with Ro anomaly. GWA = Greater Wattenberg Area.

...Harris, A.G., and Trippi, M.H., 2008, Thermal maturity patterns (CAI and %Ro) in Upper Ordovician and Devonian rocks of the Appalachian Basin: a major

| FS 50-60 || Ro, P1-P3

..., Archie was able to observe a constant relationship between the measured (Ro) and saltwater (Rw) resistivities called the formation factor (F). Later on

...eption being dry gas window systems such as the Fayetteville Shale at 2.5% Ro. With the economic importance of liquid hydrocarbons, the pursuit of higher ...ported lower vitrinite reflectance values for cuttings than core (sim0.15% Ro lower). The big problem with this mixing effect is that it does not always

...the source rock, although thermal maturity values from about 0.60 to 1.40% Ro are the most likely values significant for petroleum liquid generation. Reg ...nown to generate oil at lower thermal maturities than indicated by Tmax or Ro values.<ref name=Jrv1991>Jarvie, D. M., 1991, Factors affecting Rock-Eval-d

...the values being lower than 2%. The Diyab Formation being already mature (Ro varying from 0.8% at Salman to 1.7% at Bu Hasa), the initial TOC values wer

...on with porosity (<13%), permeability (<0.1 md), thermal maturation (>0.7% Ro) data, and sustained gas shows are very useful. In some cases, sonic veloci

...lishchuk-Figure1.png|thumbnail|Figure 1 Change in vitrinite reflectance (% Ro) by depth in a case study on Amazonas Basin wells. Modified from GONZAGA (2

...produced at subeconomic rates. Whiting’s interpretation was that the 0.7% Ro was too immature to be economic in the tight unconventional resource reserv