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/* Problem prevention and correction * xrefs
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| Clay swelling (water sensitive)
 
| Clay swelling (water sensitive)
| Smectite lllite-Smectite Chlorite-Smectite lllite Kaolinite <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn2"><sup>a</sup> </xref>
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| Smectite lllite-Smectite Chlorite-Smectite lllite Kaolinite
 
| Fluids and System Freshwater-based fluids Any water with inadequate concentration of cations
 
| Fluids and System Freshwater-based fluids Any water with inadequate concentration of cations
| Oil-based mud <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn5"><sup>d</sup> </xref> Potassium Ammonium chloride Calcium chloride <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn6"><sup>e</sup> </xref>
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| Oil-based mud Potassium Ammonium chloride Calcium chloride
 
| Preflush with HCl and NH<sub>4</sub> CI HCI/HF acidize Postflush with NH<sub>4</sub> CI and clay stabilizer
 
| Preflush with HCl and NH<sub>4</sub> CI HCI/HF acidize Postflush with NH<sub>4</sub> CI and clay stabilizer
 
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| Fines movement (rate sensitive)
 
| Fines movement (rate sensitive)
| Kaolinite lllite <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn3"><sup>b</sup> </xref> Chlorite lllite-smectite <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn4"><sup>c</sup> </xref> Chlorite-smectite <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn4"><sup>c</sup> </xref> Clay size particles of quartz or other minerals
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| Kaolinite lllite Chlorite lllite-smectite Chlorite-smectite Clay size particles of quartz or other minerals
 
| High transient pressure High flow rates
 
| High transient pressure High flow rates
| Perforate slightly under-balanced (1000 psi) Increase well rate slowly Maximize perforations per ft Select rate less than critical velocity Use clay stabilizer <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn7"><sup>f</sup> </xref>
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| Perforate slightly under-balanced (1000 psi) Increase well rate slowly Maximize perforations per ft Select rate less than critical velocity Use clay stabilizer
 
| Preflush if needed with HCl and NH<sub>4</sub> CI Acidize with HCI/HF Postflush with NH<sub>4</sub> CI and clay stabilizer
 
| Preflush if needed with HCl and NH<sub>4</sub> CI Acidize with HCI/HF Postflush with NH<sub>4</sub> CI and clay stabilizer
 
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