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Rock-water reaction: formation damage (view source)
Revision as of 19:58, 22 January 2014
, 19:58, 22 January 2014/* Problem prevention and correction * xrefs
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| Clay swelling (water sensitive)
| Clay swelling (water sensitive)
| Smectite lllite-Smectite Chlorite-Smectite lllite Kaolinite <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn2"><sup>a</sup> </xref>
| Smectite lllite-Smectite Chlorite-Smectite lllite Kaolinite
| Fluids and System Freshwater-based fluids Any water with inadequate concentration of cations
| Fluids and System Freshwater-based fluids Any water with inadequate concentration of cations
| Oil-based mud <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn5"><sup>d</sup> </xref> Potassium Ammonium chloride Calcium chloride <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn6"><sup>e</sup> </xref>
| Oil-based mud Potassium Ammonium chloride Calcium chloride
| Preflush with HCl and NH<sub>4</sub> CI HCI/HF acidize Postflush with NH<sub>4</sub> CI and clay stabilizer
| Preflush with HCl and NH<sub>4</sub> CI HCI/HF acidize Postflush with NH<sub>4</sub> CI and clay stabilizer
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| Fines movement (rate sensitive)
| Fines movement (rate sensitive)
| Kaolinite lllite <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn3"><sup>b</sup> </xref> Chlorite lllite-smectite <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn4"><sup>c</sup> </xref> Chlorite-smectite <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn4"><sup>c</sup> </xref> Clay size particles of quartz or other minerals
| Kaolinite lllite Chlorite lllite-smectite Chlorite-smectite Clay size particles of quartz or other minerals
| High transient pressure High flow rates
| High transient pressure High flow rates
| Perforate slightly under-balanced (1000 psi) Increase well rate slowly Maximize perforations per ft Select rate less than critical velocity Use clay stabilizer <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="Rock-Watertblfn7"><sup>f</sup> </xref>
| Perforate slightly under-balanced (1000 psi) Increase well rate slowly Maximize perforations per ft Select rate less than critical velocity Use clay stabilizer
| Preflush if needed with HCl and NH<sub>4</sub> CI Acidize with HCI/HF Postflush with NH<sub>4</sub> CI and clay stabilizer
| Preflush if needed with HCl and NH<sub>4</sub> CI Acidize with HCI/HF Postflush with NH<sub>4</sub> CI and clay stabilizer
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