Difference between revisions of "Well planning"
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===Lease status=== | ===Lease status=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Ownership |
| − | * | + | * Limitations (e.g., oil rights down to a certain formation; gas rights below a certain level) |
| − | * | + | * Nearby acreage availability (to extend play) |
| − | * | + | * Well permit filed with state? |
| − | * | + | * Survey (lease lines, ground elevation) |
| − | * | + | * “Legal” well location |
===Geological and economic justification=== | ===Geological and economic justification=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Anticipated pay zone(s) |
| − | * | + | * Anticipated pay type(s) (e.g., oil, gas, CO<sub>2</sub>) |
| − | * | + | * Economic reserves |
| − | * | + | * Economic scenario(s) |
===Geological description for each zone=== | ===Geological description for each zone=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Name |
| − | * | + | * Age |
| − | * | + | * Depth |
| − | * | + | * Thickness Structure |
| − | * | + | * Lithology |
| − | * | + | * Secondary and exotic minerals |
| − | * | + | * [[Porosity]] and [[permeability]] |
===Environmental concerns=== | ===Environmental concerns=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Weather |
| − | * | + | * Topography (e.g., is proposed location in a streambed?) |
| − | * | + | * Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) needed? |
| − | * | + | * Cultural hazards and considerations |
| − | * | + | * Accessibility |
| − | * | + | * Safety hazards (training needed?) |
===Drilling program=== | ===Drilling program=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Straight, slanted, or horizontal well |
| − | * | + | * Anticipated total depth (TD) in measured depth (MD) and TVD (true vertical depth) |
| − | * | + | * H<sub>2</sub>S and other gases |
| − | * | + | * Over- and underpressured zones |
| − | * | + | * Casing points |
| − | * | + | * [[Drilling problems]] |
<list-item>Sloughing shales</list-item><list-item>Swelling shales</list-item><list-item>Salt beds</list-item><list-item>Faults</list-item><list-item>High angle beds</list-item><list-item>Lost circulation zones (e.g., fractures, excessive mud weight)</list-item> | <list-item>Sloughing shales</list-item><list-item>Swelling shales</list-item><list-item>Salt beds</list-item><list-item>Faults</list-item><list-item>High angle beds</list-item><list-item>Lost circulation zones (e.g., fractures, excessive mud weight)</list-item> | ||
| Line 75: | Line 75: | ||
===Communications for operators and partners=== | ===Communications for operators and partners=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Contact list with addresses and phone numbers |
| − | * | + | * Reporting requirements for partners |
===Data collection=== | ===Data collection=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Mud logging |
<list-item>Crew size and services to be provided</list-item><list-item>Number of sets of each type of sample -wet | <list-item>Crew size and services to be provided</list-item><list-item>Number of sets of each type of sample -wet | ||
| Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
<list-item>- ion tracing</list-item><list-item>- radioactive monitoring</list-item><list-item>- shale densities</list-item><list-item>- d and dc exponent</list-item><list-item>- hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) detectors</list-item></list-item><list-item>CRT displays on rig floor, company representative's office</list-item> | <list-item>- ion tracing</list-item><list-item>- radioactive monitoring</list-item><list-item>- shale densities</list-item><list-item>- d and dc exponent</list-item><list-item>- hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) detectors</list-item></list-item><list-item>CRT displays on rig floor, company representative's office</list-item> | ||
| − | * | + | * Electric logging |
<list-item>Big, regular, or slim hole tools</list-item><list-item>Temperature requirements</list-item><list-item>Fresh, salt, or oil mud tools</list-item><list-item>Tool combinations and order of logging runs (usually gamma ray, deep resistivity, [[porosity]], sonic, pad-type resistivity, dipmeter, checkshot survey, and sidewall cores)</list-item><list-item>Backup tools</list-item><list-item>Calibration, both at surface (before and after logging) and downhole</list-item><list-item>Repeat and overlap sections</list-item><list-item>Scales</list-item><list-item>Check shot survey points (determined after first logging run)</list-item><list-item>Bottom hole temperature (BHT) with each tool</list-item><list-item>Maximum logging speeds</list-item><list-item>Magnetic tape requirements (e.g., 800 or 1600 bpi)</list-item><list-item>Display format</list-item> | <list-item>Big, regular, or slim hole tools</list-item><list-item>Temperature requirements</list-item><list-item>Fresh, salt, or oil mud tools</list-item><list-item>Tool combinations and order of logging runs (usually gamma ray, deep resistivity, [[porosity]], sonic, pad-type resistivity, dipmeter, checkshot survey, and sidewall cores)</list-item><list-item>Backup tools</list-item><list-item>Calibration, both at surface (before and after logging) and downhole</list-item><list-item>Repeat and overlap sections</list-item><list-item>Scales</list-item><list-item>Check shot survey points (determined after first logging run)</list-item><list-item>Bottom hole temperature (BHT) with each tool</list-item><list-item>Maximum logging speeds</list-item><list-item>Magnetic tape requirements (e.g., 800 or 1600 bpi)</list-item><list-item>Display format</list-item> | ||
| − | * | + | * Fluid samples |
<list-item>Repeat formation test (RFT) and drill stem test (DST) | <list-item>Repeat formation test (RFT) and drill stem test (DST) | ||
<list-item>- Interval(s)</list-item><list-item>- Packer seats</list-item><list-item>- Sampling method</list-item></list-item> | <list-item>- Interval(s)</list-item><list-item>- Packer seats</list-item><list-item>- Sampling method</list-item></list-item> | ||
| − | * | + | * Coring |
<list-item>Conventional, wireline, and/or sidewall | <list-item>Conventional, wireline, and/or sidewall | ||
| Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
===Data distribution=== | ===Data distribution=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Types of data |
<list-item>Drilling records (e.g., bit record, geolograph charts)</list-item><list-item>Mudlogs and mudlog records</list-item><list-item>Electric logs</list-item><list-item>Core and/or cuttings (wet and/or dry)</list-item><list-item>Fluid samples</list-item><list-item>Pressure charts</list-item><list-item>Laboratory analyses | <list-item>Drilling records (e.g., bit record, geolograph charts)</list-item><list-item>Mudlogs and mudlog records</list-item><list-item>Electric logs</list-item><list-item>Core and/or cuttings (wet and/or dry)</list-item><list-item>Fluid samples</list-item><list-item>Pressure charts</list-item><list-item>Laboratory analyses | ||
<list-item>- cuttings</list-item><list-item>- cores</list-item><list-item>- biostratigraphic</list-item><list-item>- geochemical</list-item><list-item>- fluid properties</list-item></list-item> | <list-item>- cuttings</list-item><list-item>- cores</list-item><list-item>- biostratigraphic</list-item><list-item>- geochemical</list-item><list-item>- fluid properties</list-item></list-item> | ||
| − | * | + | * Number of copies of each type of data for |
<list-item>Division office</list-item><list-item>Headquarters office</list-item><list-item>Partners</list-item><list-item>Federal and state agencies</list-item><list-item>Wellsite copies</list-item><list-item>Geologist and geophysicist</list-item><list-item>Drilling engineer</list-item><list-item>Reservoir engineer</list-item> | <list-item>Division office</list-item><list-item>Headquarters office</list-item><list-item>Partners</list-item><list-item>Federal and state agencies</list-item><list-item>Wellsite copies</list-item><list-item>Geologist and geophysicist</list-item><list-item>Drilling engineer</list-item><list-item>Reservoir engineer</list-item> | ||
| Line 114: | Line 114: | ||
===Sources of data for well planning=== | ===Sources of data for well planning=== | ||
| − | * | + | * Offset wells |
<list-item>wireline logs</list-item><list-item>mudlogs</list-item><list-item>daily drilling reports</list-item><list-item>velocity surveys</list-item><list-item>bit records</list-item><list-item>scout tickets</list-item><list-item>[[paleontology]] and geochemistry reports</list-item><list-item>production data</list-item> | <list-item>wireline logs</list-item><list-item>mudlogs</list-item><list-item>daily drilling reports</list-item><list-item>velocity surveys</list-item><list-item>bit records</list-item><list-item>scout tickets</list-item><list-item>[[paleontology]] and geochemistry reports</list-item><list-item>production data</list-item> | ||
| − | * | + | * State agencies (e.g., Railroad Commission in Texas) |
| − | * | + | * Industry libraries (e.g., Petroleum Information [PI], Dwights) |
| − | * | + | * Service companies |
| − | * | + | * Literature search |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 22:41, 14 January 2014
| Development Geology Reference Manual | |
| |
| Series | Methods in Exploration |
|---|---|
| Part | Wellsite methods |
| Chapter | Well planning |
| Author | Arnold M. Woods, Byram Reed |
| Link | Web page |
| Store | AAPG Store |
Planning a well is an iterative process between geoscience and engineering staffs that involves frequent accessing of several databases and clear communication. Three basic areas need to be examined in planning a well:
- What target(s) will be evaluated?
- How will the well(s) be drilled to reach those target(s)?
- How will the target zone(s) be evaluated?
For the development geologist, well planning includes verifying numerous points under a variety of general headings. This chapter provides a reasonably thorough checklist of those areas that should be investigated when planning a well.
Wellsite data package[edit]
A data package should be prepared for use on the wellsite containing all of the data needed for correlation and evaluation. This includes maps, offset well logs, the well prognosis, and any other data that the geologist believes may be useful. Only copies (not the originals) of these data should be taken to the field.
Well planning checklist[edit]
Lease status[edit]
- Ownership
- Limitations (e.g., oil rights down to a certain formation; gas rights below a certain level)
- Nearby acreage availability (to extend play)
- Well permit filed with state?
- Survey (lease lines, ground elevation)
- “Legal” well location
Geological and economic justification[edit]
- Anticipated pay zone(s)
- Anticipated pay type(s) (e.g., oil, gas, CO2)
- Economic reserves
- Economic scenario(s)
Geological description for each zone[edit]
- Name
- Age
- Depth
- Thickness Structure
- Lithology
- Secondary and exotic minerals
- Porosity and permeability
Environmental concerns[edit]
- Weather
- Topography (e.g., is proposed location in a streambed?)
- Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) needed?
- Cultural hazards and considerations
- Accessibility
- Safety hazards (training needed?)
Drilling program[edit]
- Straight, slanted, or horizontal well
- Anticipated total depth (TD) in measured depth (MD) and TVD (true vertical depth)
- H2S and other gases
- Over- and underpressured zones
- Casing points
- Drilling problems
<list-item>Sloughing shales</list-item><list-item>Swelling shales</list-item><list-item>Salt beds</list-item><list-item>Faults</list-item><list-item>High angle beds</list-item><list-item>Lost circulation zones (e.g., fractures, excessive mud weight)</list-item>
Communications for operators and partners[edit]
- Contact list with addresses and phone numbers
- Reporting requirements for partners
Data collection[edit]
- Mud logging
<list-item>Crew size and services to be provided</list-item><list-item>Number of sets of each type of sample -wet
<list-item>- dry</list-item><list-item>- geochemical</list-item><list-item>- paleontological</list-item></list-item><list-item>Pressurized unit</list-item><list-item>Hot wire or flame ionization detection (FID) chromatograph</list-item><list-item>Bit dulling plot</list-item><list-item>Overpressure plot</list-item><list-item>Rate of penetration (ROP), weight on bit (WOB), pump pressure (PP), revolutions per minute (RPM), and bit data</list-item><list-item>Mud data</list-item><list-item>Pit volume monitors</list-item><list-item>Special analyses
<list-item>- ion tracing</list-item><list-item>- radioactive monitoring</list-item><list-item>- shale densities</list-item><list-item>- d and dc exponent</list-item><list-item>- hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detectors</list-item></list-item><list-item>CRT displays on rig floor, company representative's office</list-item>
- Electric logging
<list-item>Big, regular, or slim hole tools</list-item><list-item>Temperature requirements</list-item><list-item>Fresh, salt, or oil mud tools</list-item><list-item>Tool combinations and order of logging runs (usually gamma ray, deep resistivity, porosity, sonic, pad-type resistivity, dipmeter, checkshot survey, and sidewall cores)</list-item><list-item>Backup tools</list-item><list-item>Calibration, both at surface (before and after logging) and downhole</list-item><list-item>Repeat and overlap sections</list-item><list-item>Scales</list-item><list-item>Check shot survey points (determined after first logging run)</list-item><list-item>Bottom hole temperature (BHT) with each tool</list-item><list-item>Maximum logging speeds</list-item><list-item>Magnetic tape requirements (e.g., 800 or 1600 bpi)</list-item><list-item>Display format</list-item>
- Fluid samples
<list-item>Repeat formation test (RFT) and drill stem test (DST)
<list-item>- Interval(s)</list-item><list-item>- Packer seats</list-item><list-item>- Sampling method</list-item></list-item>
- Coring
<list-item>Conventional, wireline, and/or sidewall
<list-item>- Formations automatically cored?</list-item><list-item>- Core on show?</list-item><list-item>- Core handling procedures</list-item></list-item>
Data distribution[edit]
- Types of data
<list-item>Drilling records (e.g., bit record, geolograph charts)</list-item><list-item>Mudlogs and mudlog records</list-item><list-item>Electric logs</list-item><list-item>Core and/or cuttings (wet and/or dry)</list-item><list-item>Fluid samples</list-item><list-item>Pressure charts</list-item><list-item>Laboratory analyses
<list-item>- cuttings</list-item><list-item>- cores</list-item><list-item>- biostratigraphic</list-item><list-item>- geochemical</list-item><list-item>- fluid properties</list-item></list-item>
- Number of copies of each type of data for
<list-item>Division office</list-item><list-item>Headquarters office</list-item><list-item>Partners</list-item><list-item>Federal and state agencies</list-item><list-item>Wellsite copies</list-item><list-item>Geologist and geophysicist</list-item><list-item>Drilling engineer</list-item><list-item>Reservoir engineer</list-item>
Sources of data for well planning[edit]
- Offset wells
<list-item>wireline logs</list-item><list-item>mudlogs</list-item><list-item>daily drilling reports</list-item><list-item>velocity surveys</list-item><list-item>bit records</list-item><list-item>scout tickets</list-item><list-item>paleontology and geochemistry reports</list-item><list-item>production data</list-item>
- State agencies (e.g., Railroad Commission in Texas)
- Industry libraries (e.g., Petroleum Information [PI], Dwights)
- Service companies
- Literature search
See also[edit]
- Drilling problems
- Mudlogging: Drill cuttings analysis
- Introduction to wellsite methods
- Wellbore trajectory
- Conventional coring
- Drilling fluid
- Land rigs
- Rig personnel
- Wellsite math
- Core handling
- Mudlogging: Equipment, services, and personnel
- Core alteration and preservation
- Wellsite safety
- Sidewall coring
- Show evaluation
- Rate of penetration
- Mudlogging: The mudlog
- Pressure detection
- Drill stem testing
- Measurement while drilling
- Offshore rigs
- Fishing
- Core orientation
- Mudlogging: Gas extraction and monitoring
External links[edit]
| find literature about Well planning |
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