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''Measured depth'' (MD), or ''drilled to depth'' (DD), is the depth measured (by driller or logger :<math>\mbox{TVD} = \sum (\mbox{MD}_{i} - \mbox{MD}_{i-1}) \times \cos \alpha_{i}</math>

...surface datum to the toe. In general, it is referred to as measured depth (MD) and is determined ty the sum of lengths of individual joints of drill pipe

...eometries. Permeabilities in rock with only 10% porosity are as high as 10 md. ...le localized lenses of porous mudstone have as much as 30% porosity and 20 md permeability, these probably are laterally isolated from each other.

...I Subclasses''<br>IA:>100md<br>IB: 10–100 md<br>IC: 1–10 md<br>ID: ±0.5–1 md ...robe can only occasionally dislodge a grain from rock surface || ± 0.5–1.0 md (depending on particle size, sorting, and clay mineral content)

* At >10 millidarcies (md), the [[reservoir]] can produce oil without [[stimulation]]. * At >1 md, the reservoir can produce gas without stimulation.

* K_a = permeability to air, md ...s-sectional area A of the plug, yields a K_a of approximately 20 md.

....S. Virgin Islands. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 96. Silver Spring, MD. 53 pp.</ref>

...e reservoir system rock has a [[porosity]] of 30% and a permeability of 10 md ([[Characterizing_rock_quality#What_is_r35.3F|r₃₅]] = 1.1μ). La ...20%, S_o ≈ 80%), relative permeability is approaching 1.0 (~ 10 md).

...olitic [[limestone]]. Its average Φ is 10% and average K_a is 10 md. * K_a = air permeability, md

...ured top seal with a relatively low fracture [[permeability]] of only 0.05 md, is more than 100 billion bbl/m.y.<ref name=ch10r71 /> Fracture permeabilit

! Type || Source rocks || Reservoir in-situ permeability (md) || [[Hydrocarbon migration]] distance || Reservoir pressure || Pressure me

...53.9% with average 36.6%. Kabs data before vibration is 231.46 m – 1113.59 mD and after vibration can reach 54.1% with average 39.4%. Sor Data before vib ! rowspan = 2 | || colspan = 4 | k (md) || colspan = 3 | Amplitude (mv)

...011), and exists at drilling depths of 2,000 to 9,000 feet measured depth (MD) (Zagorski and others, 2012; Wang and Carr, 2013). The organic-rich Marcell ...of the Marcellus Shale in western Maryland is zero to more than 8,000 feet MD (Brezinski, 2010, 2011). There is currently (2020) no production from the M

...oir stimulation methods, while those having effective permeabilities of 10 md or greater generally require damage removal methods. Those formations in be ...permeabilities often in the microdarcy range (1 μD, or microdarcy, = 0.001 mD). If economic completions are to be developed from such formations, hydraul

Gas reservoirs with estimated ''in situ'' gas permeabilities of 0.1 md (millidarcy) or less are officially recognized by the U.S. Federal Energy R ...and expected. While the average air permeability values rarely exceed 1.0 md (millidarcy) for tight gas reservoirs, a significant difference in permeabi

...ter) and gas. Permeability values obtained from the test is equal to 40.43 mD. Permeability value shows that a flow of 40.43 milli cc, fluid (gas), moves ...be seen from the value of 24.8% porosity and permeability values of 40.43 mD. A small value of permeability indicates that it comes from the secondary p

...ia:Mesoporous material|mesoporous]] sandstone with 18% [[porosity]] and 10 md [[permeability]], then the bottom [[length::75 ft]] (20 m) of the trap will

* Ka = air permeability, md ...oductive area have porosities of about 10% and permeabilities of about 0.1 md (or less), based on routine core analyses from the 1960s. Unfortunately, th

...ressure of 10-4atm m-2. Permeability in reservoir rocks may range from 0.1 mD to more than 10 D.<ref name=gluyas2004 /> ...remely high because of the dissolution, but permeability is not far from 5 mD. It is called clastic because oolite associated with limestone is present t

...unit for permeability is the Darcy (d) or, more commonly, the millidarcy (md). Relative permeability is a dimensionless ratio that reflects the capabili ...meability is typically expressed are the ''darcy'' (d) and ''millidarcy'' (md). A permeability of 1 d allows the flow of 1 cm³ per second of f

...(K_a) are as great as 1-2 darcies but more commonly are 200-500 md.

...nventional core analysis. Sidewall cores from formations with more than 20 md permeability consistently have a measured permeability that is lower than t Low permeability, hard formations (''k'' k > 20 md), friable, or unconsolidated sandstones are usually reduced by 60% or more

* ''k'' = permeability (md) To solve for permeability, an arbitrary value of permeability is assumed (0.1 md is often a good first estimate), and Equation 2 is solved for ''r''<sub>d</

* Anticipated total depth (TD) in measured depth (MD) and TVD (true vertical depth)

...s of various metric, English, and oil field units. It uses the millidarcy (md) for permeability. Other dimensions and units in this system are as follows * ''k'' = permeability (md)

;MD:measured depth

...igure 5]] illustrate typical records for sandstones at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 mD (millidarcys). While these figures are qualitative, quantitative techniques

| md | md-ft/cp

* Permeability: <0.1 md (in-situ) * Permeability: <0.1 md<ref name=Ryder_1998 /><ref name=Ryderandzagorski_2003 />

| Permeability (md) || Variable, Sandstones: 0.1; Dolomite: 0.01

...ermeability-relationships_fig5.png|Figure 5]], a minimum permeability of 1 md corresponds to a porosity cutoff of 5.3% in [[conglomerate]] and 10.7% in [

...ed be expressed as fractions and fracture width and permeability in cm and mD, respectively. Fracture porosity can be directly estimated using the formul ...^{2.63} = 1.5 \times 10^7 (0.17) [(1 - 0.24) 0.1417]^{2.63} = 7.265 \text{ mD}</math>

...e reservoirs are regarded as tight with low permeabilities (generally <0.1 md). Fractures are noted in cores and are thought to contribute to production. ...pay thickness 10–50 ft, porosity range 8%–12%, permeability range 0.1–0.05 md, reservoir temperature 260°F, reservoir pressure 2750 psig, average water

* ''k'' = effective permeability to produced phase (md)

Porosity (Phi) 5, permeability (k) mD, fluid saturation (S) %, capiler pressure (Pc) Psi, compressibility (C) Psi

.... Deltaic sands of Oligocene-Early Miocene have 10–23% porosity and 0.1–10 md permeability. Oligocene-Early Mioceneage deltaic sand is a gas producer, Ol

...iven the very fine-grained nature of the rock, permeabilities are low; 1–7 md is typical of the productive intervals. Factors influencing porosity preser ...d high porosity chalk with 30–50% porosity and permeabilities between 1–10 md.

...producible water) in conjunction with porosity (<13%), permeability (<0.1 md), thermal maturation (>0.7% Ro) data, and sustained gas shows are very usef ! Type || Source rocks || Reservoir in-situ permeability (md) || [[Hydrocarbon migration]] distance || Reservoir pressure || Pressure me

...Alaska. The mouth bars have a mean permeability of 151 md compared to 315 md for the distributary channel fills.

...10-m (16–32-ft)-length scales across the fault zone was estimated as 30–40 md. This is approximately 1–4% of the permeability for the undeformed host r

...cts]] possible in reservoirs with reasonable [[permeability]], that is, >1 md. A saturated gas cap in equilibrium with an underlying saturated oil, for e

...irs always exhibit low porosity (<13%) and low, in-situ permeability (<0.1 md).<ref name=Spencer_1985>Spencer, C. W., 1985, Geologic aspects of tight gas

...1 = horizontal permeability to air (md.) 2 = vertical permeability to air (md). 3 = core porosity (%). 4 = core oil saturation (%). 5 = core water satura

...sub>) of PD facies association || 0, (k_h), 0 (k_v) || md ...ub>) of dDF facies association || 71 (k_h), 7 (k_v) || md

...ic), characterized by its high porosity (15%-23%) and permeability (10-100 md), and reservoirs of Jurassic - Cretaceous age that include limestones from

...) Fibrous (three phases i.e. I, II and III) and medium-coarse crystalline (MD) dolomite cements associated with ooidal sediments, PPL. The yellow triangl

...rties, with 10 to 12% porosity and permeabilities typically less than 0.01 md.<ref name=Lptn2003 />

...before being drilled deeper and discovering oil at a total depth of 3050’ (MD).