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• Macroseepage vs. microseepage in surficial geochemistry
  ...ps. Macroseeps are very localized areas containing large concentrations of light hydrocarbons as well as, if available, high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. * Light hydrocarbons (principally C₁–C₅)
  6 KB (754 words) - 22:07, 24 January 2022
• Migration by solution in water
  ...by this type of [[Hydrocarbon migration|migration]] are limited to gas and light condensates. Solution transport is responsible for the loss of gas from man ...ar abundances in agreement with solubility ratios. The occurrence of these light oils as a separate phase demonstrates that solution transport of oils does
  6 KB (915 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
• Selecting a surficial geochemistry survey method
  ...arbon detection methods]]) because they can provide evidence of the very [[hydrocarbon]]s we hope to find in our [[trap]]s and [[reservoir]]s. Additionally, chemi ...ecular weight (LMW)], high molecular weight (HMW), or [[Wikipedia:Aromatic hydrocarbon|aromatics]]) || [http://eti-geochemistry.com/gaschrom/index.html Marine sni
  6 KB (809 words) - 17:05, 25 January 2022
• Surficial geochemical case history 2: stratigraphic trap
  ...). [[Surficial geochemistry and hydrocarbon detection methods#Detection of light hydrocarbons|Propane soil gas]] anomalies were detected at CDP 1070 and 109
  3 KB (361 words) - 17:45, 12 April 2022
• Primary migration and compositional changes
  Early [[Petroleum generation|generation]] concentrates light products into large [[Pore system fundamentals|pores]] and [[fracture]] net ...turated+hydrocarbons.php saturated hydrocarbons] over [[Wikipedia:Aromatic hydrocarbon|aromatics]]. This is due to [[Wikipedia:Molecular sieve|molecular filtering
  3 KB (438 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
• Surficial geochemical interpretation guidelines
  ...end of a petroleum [[migration pathway]]. These hydrocarbons may represent hydrocarbon leakage from an [[accumulation]] or leakage along a carrier bed or other mi ...the spectrum of seepage styles], in D. Schumacher, and M. A. Abrams, eds., Hydrocarbon Migration and Its Near-Surface Expression: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.as
  8 KB (1,128 words) - 22:24, 31 January 2022
• Surficial geochemistry and hydrocarbon detection methods
  ==Detection of light hydrocarbons== ...nd is one of the most researched and tested geochemical survey approaches. Light hydrocarbons can reside in soils and shallow sediments in a number of ways:
  10 KB (1,443 words) - 16:08, 25 January 2022
• Postprimary migration and compositional changes
  ...sses responsible for altering the composition of [[hydrocarbon]]s during [[Hydrocarbon migration|migration]] include the following: * Adsorption—selective removal and retardation of hydrocarbon [[migration rate]] by mineral and [[kerogen]] particles
  5 KB (694 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
• Fault seal breakdown during production
  ...the [[Buoyancy pressure|buoyant pressure]] increases at the crest of the [[hydrocarbon column]], the buoyant pressure will ultimately exceed the [[displacement pr ...y cross-sealing fault. The pressure depletion curve for well A is shown in light gray (top); that for well B, in black (bottom). The buoyant pressure at the
  4 KB (530 words) - 15:21, 30 March 2022
• Kerogen type and quality: visual assessment
  ...x through acidification. We can then examine the kerogen using transmitted light through a microscope to determine its form (structured or amorphous) and or ! Hydrocarbon potential
  2 KB (300 words) - 18:17, 9 February 2022
• Fault plane profile construction
  ...potential fault-dependent [[Trap leakage|leak points]], and help assess [[hydrocarbon volume]]s. ...apages.com/data/bulletns/1988-89/data/pg/0073/0007/0800/0803.htm Model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 72
  6 KB (834 words) - 14:51, 29 March 2022
• Migration by separate phase
  ...ocesses can occur during separate-phase migration: formation of small free hydrocarbon masses, slug flow, cosolution, and compositional changes due to phase chang ==Small free hydrocarbon masses==
  8 KB (1,155 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
• Fluid inclusions: analysis and applications
  ...story and petroleum migration [[:file:AlfraihAlSaifFigure1.jpg|Figure 1]]. Hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions (HCFIs) encapsulate accumulating or migrating oil ...etal_2021>Atwah, I., Mohammadi, S., Moldowan, M., Dahl, J., 2021. Episodic hydrocarbon charge in tight Mississippian reservoirs of Central Oklahoma, USA: Insights
  20 KB (2,691 words) - 21:06, 21 April 2022
• Vitrinite reflectance
  Vitrinite reflectance is a measure of the percentage of incident light reflected from the surface of [[Thermal maturation#Vitrinite|vitrinite]] pa ...rocess. The relationship between %R_o and [[Petroleum generation|hydrocarbon generation]] is dependent on the chemistry of the vitrinite as well as the
  7 KB (970 words) - 14:28, 10 February 2022
• Mudlogging: gas extraction and monitoring
  ...combustible hydrocarbon gases) from ''[[petroleum]] vapors'' (combustible hydrocarbon gases other than methane). This aids in identifying the types of hydrocarbo ...around the trap and vacuum line affect the relative efficiency with which light and heavy hydrocarbons are extracted and retained in the gas phase. This la
  9 KB (1,327 words) - 15:28, 24 January 2022
• Near-surface destruction
  ...ficant water washing requires rapid water flow under the [[accumulation]]. Light aromatic molecules are affected most severely. Severe water washing may rem ...e the reservoir is exhumed or where the seal is breached near the surface, light molecular species will evaporate into the atmosphere due to their high vapo
  8 KB (1,193 words) - 18:51, 1 February 2022
• Mowry Shale, Powder River Basin, Wyoming
  ...outcrop, the Mowry Shale has a distinct profile and weathers to a dark to light gray, is hard, and often has large jointing sets. The Mowry Shale is ranges
  4 KB (677 words) - 17:14, 22 December 2023
• Fault plane profile
  ...potential fault-dependent [[Trap leakage|leak points]], and help assess [[hydrocarbon volume]]s. ...apages.com/data/bulletns/1988-89/data/pg/0073/0007/0800/0803.htm Model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 72
  9 KB (1,461 words) - 21:57, 28 March 2022
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
  | title = Electron microscopy of shale hydrocarbon reservoirs ...oduction to SEM operational principles and geologic applications for shale hydrocarbon reservoirs
  16 KB (2,441 words) - 20:24, 23 January 2019
• EMD Bitumen/Heavy Oil Committee
  ...t processes that act on light oil to produce heavy oil are biodegradation (hydrocarbon oxidation process involving the microbial metabolism of various classes of
  4 KB (538 words) - 20:27, 20 September 2022
• Show evaluation
  * Detection of [[hydrocarbon]]s in drill cuttings ...d [[porosity]] and [[permeability]] that yield no show may still be viable hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs. Conversely, poor porosity-permeability zones that have
  18 KB (2,670 words) - 18:21, 21 January 2022
• FWhitehurst sandbox
  * aromatic hydrocarbon Wikipedia:Aromatic hydrocarbon ...tp://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms.aspx?LookIn=term%20name&filter=light%20hydrocarbons
  22 KB (3,024 words) - 21:42, 19 December 2014
• South Pass 62 field
  ...f the Mississippi River in 100 m of water. Dark gray indicates oil fields. Light gray refers to salt domes or tabular salt. ...th Pass 62 field. Dark gray bars indicate exploratory and appraisal wells. Light gray bars indicate development and redevelopment wells. Primary field devel
  9 KB (1,290 words) - 21:18, 19 October 2016
• Palynofacies and kerogen analysis
  ...inings). The relationship of these organic types to [[Petroleum generation|hydrocarbon generation]] is broached by Staplin<ref name=ch17r82>Staplin, F., L., 1969, ...e-derived components provide clues concerning depositional environment and hydrocarbon-generating potential (e.g., type and amount). Palynofacies data can be comb
  6 KB (805 words) - 18:09, 24 January 2022
• Predicting preservation and destruction of accumulations
  ...mulations, however, may be destroyed. Several processes deplete or destroy hydrocarbon accumulations. In many prospects it is not enough just to know that a trap ...D. S., 1996, Factors controlling the destruction or preservation of giant light oilfields: Petroleum Geoscience, vol. 2, p. 197–217., 10., 1144/petgeo.,
  5 KB (782 words) - 22:36, 31 January 2022
• Standard interpretation
  ...d does not have good vertical resolution. It overestimates shale volume in hydrocarbon-bearing zones, and it is ensitive to the selection of clean reservoir and s ...of 1.0 g/cm³ and saltwater approximately 1.1 g/cm³. Hydrocarbon density can vary widely from 0.05 g/cm³ for gas at low pressures
  25 KB (3,776 words) - 19:53, 18 January 2022
• Gas chromatography: data obtained
  .../data/a134/a134/0001/0400/0403.htm Geochemistry of Illinois basin oils and hydrocarbon source rocks], in M. W. Leighton, D. R. Kolata, D. F. Oltz, and J. J. Eidel .... They contain one or more methyl branches near the middle of a long-chain hydrocarbon. These compounds originate from primitive cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
  22 KB (3,123 words) - 21:38, 15 February 2022
• Oil and condensate analysis
  ...ter washing (depletion of light aromatics), leaky reservoir seals (loss of light ends), and source characteristics (biomarkers) ([[:file:oil-and-condensate- ...tion, chromatographic data can also be displayed as polar or star plots of hydrocarbon peak ratios ([[:file:oil-and-condensate-analysis_fig5.png|Figure 5]]).
  14 KB (2,013 words) - 16:48, 20 January 2022
• Petroleum reservoir fluid properties
  ...ces, an initial ([[connate]]) [[water saturation]] will always be found in hydrocarbon-bearing formations. The connate water saturation may vary from 5 to 50% wit ...'' fluids consist mainly of [[Light hydrocarbon|light]] and [[intermediate hydrocarbon]]s (N₂, CO₂, H₂S, and C₁ to C<s
  19 KB (2,721 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
• Kerogen
  ...kerogen is the controlling factor for oil vs. gas yields from the primary hydrocarbon-generating reactions. ! Predominant hydrocarbon potential
  17 KB (2,363 words) - 17:40, 9 February 2022
• Llanos basin
  ...th several [[source rock]]s in a [[siliciclastic]] sequence and numerous [[hydrocarbon]] accumulations within various [[reservoir]]s. However, fresh water product Due to the low salinity of the produced waters from the [[hydrocarbon field]]s, massive recharges of meteoric water have been proposed (Villegas
  23 KB (3,247 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
• Silurian Qusaiba shales
  ...ights into the Hercynian orogeny, and their implications for the Paleozoic hydrocarbon system in the Arabian plate: GeoArabia, v. 14, no. 3, p. 199–228.</ref>; ...hot) [[shale]]s have generated about 80–90% of the [[Paleozoic]] sourced [[hydrocarbon]]s in [[North Africa]] and the [[Arabian Peninsula]] (Klemme and Ulmishek,
  18 KB (2,569 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
• Jordan petroleum geology
  ...rt basin, where it is deeply buried in the oil and gas generative windows. Hydrocarbon indications occur across the Dead Sea Basin and include numerous oil and ga ...e some of the world’s richest oil and gas reserves. Despite this, only two hydrocarbon fields have been discovered in Jordan so far: the Silurian-sourced and Ordo
  16 KB (2,310 words) - 15:13, 19 January 2017
• Core alteration and preservation
  ...even a short period of time can cause significant loss of water and light hydrocarbon fractions. Tests show exposure for even 30 min can result in 10 to 25% loss * Hydrocarbon deposition
  20 KB (2,971 words) - 15:46, 19 January 2022
• Mudlogging: equipment, services, and personnel
  ''Mudlogging'', sometimes called hydrocarbon logging or physical formation logging, involves the monitoring and recordin ...ment''—A stereomicroscope is equipped for use with natural and ultraviolet light.
  8 KB (1,031 words) - 15:27, 24 January 2022
• Thermal maturation
  ...ow, W., G., O'Connor, D., I., 1982, Kerogen maturity and type by reflected light microscopy applied to petroleum generation, in How To Assess Maturation and ...enerators vs. late generators). This affects transformation ratios used in hydrocarbon systems modeling.
  8 KB (1,113 words) - 18:10, 24 January 2022
• Electrical methods
  ...nowledge of resistivity or the resistivity distribution will solve or shed light on the problem at hand. The resolution, depth, and areal extent of investig ...depths of tens of meters to great depths well beyond those of interest to hydrocarbon development.
  15 KB (2,130 words) - 21:19, 19 January 2022
• Reservoir quality
  ...oir is defined by its hydrocarbon storage capacity and deliverability. The hydrocarbon storage capacity is characterized by the effective [[porosity]] and the siz ...e lower capillary pressure, lower irreducible water saturation, and higher hydrocarbon pore volume.
  18 KB (2,514 words) - 17:47, 21 January 2022
• Biostratigraphic applications in hydrocarbon exploration
  ...mperature, salinity, oxygen supply, nutrient availability, availability of light, proximity to land and topographic variation. Therefore, the change in thes ...e hiatuses and missing section. Unconformity identification is critical in hydrocarbon exploration, importance is highlighted in the stratigraphic trap evaluation
  14 KB (1,899 words) - 21:03, 21 April 2022
• Subsurface diagenesis and its relation with diagenetic trap on carbonate rocks reservoir
  ...al-carbonate reservoir to have porosity and permeability which can produce hydrocarbon, though standard “dogma” said that burial carbonate has 5% or low poros ...81). Post-stylolite [[diagenesis]] may result porosity and permeability in light rocks (Dawson, 1988). Seismic and wireline log data can’t distinguish cem
  16 KB (2,395 words) - 21:18, 9 January 2024
• Contourites
  ...ne currents. Shallow-water bottom currents in red; Bottom deep currents in light blue and dark blue; sea places where the currents changes dramatically its ...tes has only recently been pushed forward due to the continuous advance of hydrocarbon exploration.
  13 KB (1,889 words) - 19:11, 6 April 2016
• Basin modeling: identifying and quantifying significant uncertainties
  ...tion]], hydrocarbon yields (timing and volume), [[hydrocarbon migration]], hydrocarbon type and quality, reservoir quality, and reservoir pressure and temperature || Source properties control the timing, rate, and fluid type for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from the [[source rock]]s.
  38 KB (5,890 words) - 15:16, 23 August 2016
• Thin section analysis
  ...ively small pores when thin sections are viewed under incident fluorescent light.<ref name=pt05r138>Ruzyla, K., Jezek, D. I., 1987, Staining method for reco Basic petrographic analysis is performed in transmitted light using a [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/polarizing+microscope polar
  24 KB (3,264 words) - 15:09, 24 January 2022
• Drilling a well
  ...nger involved in the combustion and explosive blast that can result from a hydrocarbon blowout. ...f hydrocarbon shows. An ultraviolet light source will be used to check for hydrocarbon fluorescence in the samples, a sign that oil is present.
  15 KB (2,385 words) - 15:05, 1 August 2016
• Mudlogging: drill cuttings analysis
  * Hydrocarbon show ...g house” near the generators). This is because the heat causes more of the light hydrocarbons to volatilize, which will bias subsequent analyses. If precisi
  10 KB (1,482 words) - 15:25, 24 January 2022
• Core description
  ...M., and J. G. W. Price, 1977, Well formation characterization by residual hydrocarbon analysis: Annual Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Denver, CO, ...rn such as that produced by Amstrat. A good qualify handlens or reflecting light binocular microscope are essential for accurate grain size determination.
  13 KB (1,786 words) - 20:50, 19 January 2022
• Tectonic modeling
  ...in polarized light, these materials exhibit color fringes and alternating light and dark bands. From these, we can determine the stress intensity and the o .../0000/0921.htm Fault-propagation folds: geometry, kinematic evolution, and hydrocarbon traps]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 74, p. 921–945.
  16 KB (2,083 words) - 21:28, 2 February 2022
• Seismic interpretation
  ...[[fracture]] intensity, lithology, and so on from [[seismic data]]. Direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI, HCIs, bright spots, or dim-outs) are elements employed in ...[[igneous]] intrusives, and shale masses. Another type of data that sheds light on the geological conditions of a specific reservoir is pressure and produc
  10 KB (1,520 words) - 18:48, 21 January 2022
• Dolomite and dolomitization: Implications for reservoir characterization
  ...The sugary texture is identifiable in hand specimen and using hand-lens as light reflects-off dolomite crystals faces (Machel, 2004). ...al faces of baroque dolomites (blue color shows porosity), Plane polarized light (PPL).]]
  38 KB (4,996 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
• Super basins
  ...ving lower costs and reduced environmental impacts are crucial to optimize hydrocarbon production. Although certain favorable geological conditions are needed for ...f cumulative production or remaining recoverable oil and gas) are shown in light blue. DwGoM = deep-water Gulf of Mexico; E&P = exploration and production;
  27 KB (3,791 words) - 19:35, 11 October 2022

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