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#*<math>\text{H}_{\text{w}} = \text{Z} + \left( \frac{\text{P}} {\text{grad P}} \right)</math> ...al [[contour]] map using the formula for U where U = V – Z. The values for Z, the subsea elevation of the target aquifer, can be determined by simply ov

...interact enough to change ideal gas behavior. A compressibility factor, ''z'', is added to the Ideal Gas Law to correct for subsurface gas behavioral c ...plication_fig5-9.png|{{figure number|2}}Estimate compressibility factor, ''z''. From Schowalter;<ref name=Schowalter1979 /> courtesy AAPG.

...am; (bottom left) m/z 217 fragment in the mass spectrometer; (top right) m/z 218 fragment. Copyright: Unocal.]] ...ter, while the top right chromatogram shows those compounds that give an m/z 218 fragment. The 217 and 218 mass chromatograms are very similar because b

...35.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Relationship of the variables Hw and Z used in the hydraulic head equation. From Hubbert;<ref name=ch05r11 /> cour :<math>\mbox{H}_{\rm w} = \mbox{Z} + \frac{\mbox{P}}{\rho \mbox{g}}</math>

...ies Transactions, v. 23, p. 115–135.</ref>). (a) Cross section (letters A1-Z represent the stratigraphic unit boundaries). Location given in (b). (b) St

...' is the universal gravity constant. Thus, the gravity gradient, Δ''g''/Δ''z'', is related directly to the density of the intervening layer. The result ...le by means of varying the separation between two gravity measurements, Δ''z''. After McCulloh et al.<ref name=ch15r9>McCulloh, T. H., J. R. Kandle, J.

...correlations_fig8-40.png|Figure 1]] illustrates this trend. It shows the m/z 217.2 mass chromatograms of three oils from central Myanmar in successive s ...nes and moretanes in a heavily biodegraded oil (bottom), revealed in the m/z 177 mass chromatogram. From Volkman et al.;<ref name=ch08r57>Volkman, J. K.

...{\rho_{\rm w}}{\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm h}}\right)\mbox{H}_{\rm w} - \mbox{Z}</math> ...al surfaces for water. Hubbert called this factor V. The elevation factor (Z) is the difference between the equipotential surfaces for hydrocarbons and

* <code><nowiki><p>... \([a-z]+, (in press)*[0-9]{0,2,4}\) ...</p></nowiki></code> &rarr; a reference <nowiki>re.sub("<p><strong>([A-Z ]*)</strong></p>",r"==\1==",str)</nowiki>

...ine, vol. 39, no. 6, p. 657–667.</ref><ref>Zhang, Y., X. Qi, X. Cheng, and Z. Luo, 2007, Approach to sedimentary environment of late carboniferous-Permi ....</ref><ref name=Ymg2019b>Yang, Z., C. Zou, L. Hou, S. Wu, S. Lin, X. Luo, Z. Zhao, J. Cui, and S. Pan, 2019b. Division of fine-grained rocks and select

...e compartment of the Anadarko basin. From Al-Shaieb et al.;<ref>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. O. Puckette, A. A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1995b, [http://archives.dat ...ional pressure compartment. Modified from Al-Shaieb et al.;<ref>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. O. Puckette, A. A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1995a, [http://archives.dat

...erature) can be measured, so we have temperature as a function of (''x, y, z''). As we move around the room to other points, the temperature changes — ...enting a measurement (amplitude, for example). Each number has an (''x, y, z'') position in the box. For any point in the middle of the box, three plane

...of non-seismic geophysics in the Papuan thrust belt, in G. J. Carman, and Z. Carman, eds., Petroleum Exploration in Papua New Guinea: Proceedings of th ...llurics to petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea, in G. J. Carman, and Z. Carman, eds., Petroleum exploration in Papua New Guinea: Proceedings of th

He, Z., Nie, H., Hu, D., Jiang, T., Wang, R., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Lu, Z., 2020. Geological problems in the effective development of deep shale gas: Guo, X., Li, Y., Teng, G., Wang, Q., Yuan, T., Shen, B., Ma, Z., Wei, F., 2020. Hydrocarbon generation and storage mechanisms of deep-wate

* Watson, M. P., A. B. Hayward, D. N. Parkinson, and Z. M. Zhang, 1987, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/02648172 * Beydoun, Z. R., 1991, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volu

:<math>\mbox{P}_{\rm B} = \mbox{g} \times \mbox{z} \times (\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm hc})</math> * z = height of hydrocarbon stringer

5.Ma, Y., M. Fan, Y. Lu, H. Liu, Y. Hao, Z. Xie, L. Peng, X. Du, and H. Hu, 2017, Middle Eocene paleohydrology of the 8.Zhao, X., L. Zhou, X. Pu, F. Jin, W. Han, D. Xiao, S. Chen, Z. Shi, W. Zhang, and F. Yang, 2018, Geological characteristics of shale rock

...r density logs but must penetrate the event of interest. The event depth ''z'' (measured from seismic datum) is known from well control, and the vertica :<math>z(x,y) = \frac{\upsilon(x,y) \times t(x,y)}{2}</math>

...rtments. Modified from Al-Shaieb et al.;<ref name=AlShaieb1995a>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. O. Puckette, A. A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1995a, [http://archives.dat ...d local pressure compartments. Al-Shaieb et al.<ref name=ch05r2>Al-Shaieb, Z., Puckette, J., O., Abdalla, A., A., Ely, P., B., 1995b, [http://archives.d

oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-23.png|{{figure number|1}}m/z 217 mass fragmentograms from two oils showing quite different distributions [[:file:oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-23.png|Figure 1]] shows m/z 217 mass fragmentograms from two oils showing quite different distributions

...was used: ''υ''(''z'') = 5,000 + 0.4*''z'', where ''υ'' is in ft/sec and ''z'' is depth in feet. This velocity model is often useful in basins that cont

...ic data (with time axis) converted to a depth cube using a ''V'' ( ''X, Y, Z'' ) velocity model

...\frac{\sigma_3}{\text{Z}}\right) + \frac{\text{p}}{\text{Z}}</math>, where Z is depth.

...rce-rock-correlations_fig8-44.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|2}}Sterane m/z 217 mass fragmentograms of an immature rock extract (bottom left), a hydrou ...oil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-44.png|Figure 2]] shows sterane m/z 217 mass fragmentograms of an immature rock extract (bottom left), a hydrou

:<math>\frac{\partial^{2}P}{\partial z^{2}} + \frac{\partial^{2}P}{\partial x^{2}} = \frac{1}{V^{2}}\frac{\partial ...time'', starting with the measured waves at the earth's surface ''P''(''x, z'' = 0, ''t''), in effect pushing the waves backward and downward to their r

...ecause of the inherent ambiguity of potential field methods in determining Z.<ref name=ch14r8>Skeels, D. C., 1947, Ambiguity in gravity interpretation:

...rce-rock-correlations_fig8-50.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|3}}Typical m/z 191 mass chromatograms for group I (top) and group IV (bottom) oils from th ...d-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-50.png|Figure 3]] illustrates typical m/z 191 mass chromatograms for group I (top) and group IV (bottom) oils from th

...of non-seismic geophysics in the Papuan thrust belt, in C. J. Carman, and Z. Carman, eds., Proceedings of the First PNG Petroleum Convention: Port More

...n be performed in either full scan mode, to cover either a wide range of m/z ratios, or selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, to gather data for specific ...tion and analysis, with fragmented ions appearing as a function of their m/z ratios. Peak areas, meanwhile, are proportional to the quantity of the corr

...ss subjective, statistical methods have been used.<ref name=ch08r51>Sofer, Z., Zumberge, J., E., Lay, V., 1986, Stable carbon isotopes and biomarkers as

.../sub> but source position B is the better choice for a receiver at depth ''Z''₂. Usually, the traveltimes measured for sources A and B are si

...rganic Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 271., 10., 1016/0146-6380(91)90087-Z</ref><ref name=ch21r38>Read, J. F., C. Kerans, J. F. Sarg, and F. M. Wright

...., C., Ali-Zade, A., A., Guliyev, I., S., Suleymanova, S., F., Ateava, E., Z., Mamedova, D., N., Koshkarly, R., O., 1998, [http://archives.datapages.com

...ic than ideal gas. The amount of gas deviations stated in deviation factor z (supercompressibility factor), so : : <math>C_g = \frac{1}{P} - \frac{1}{z} \frac{dz}{dP} (psi^{-1})</math>

Equation (2) H_z = (-M)/(4πr^3 ) e^{(-ik_b r)} (1+ik_b r- | H_z || Magnetic flux density in the z-direction || Tesla (T) || kg.s^-2.A^-1

...2011JB008930</ref><ref name=Calaisetal2006ab>Calais, E., L. Dong, M. Wang, Z. Shen, and M. Vergnolle, 2006, Continental deformation in Asia from a combi

* ''z'' plots, which superimpose a third (''z'') trace value on top of the ''x'' and ''y'' coordinates. (Its value can be ...imensional plots, allowing rotation of the XPLT around the ''x, y'', and ''z'' axes. This usually requires specialized high performance graphics hardwar

:<math>\rho = 3.6824 - 0.03913 \Delta g/\Delta z</math> * Δ''z'' = depth interval (in ft)

...point values for a seismic line that parallels strike and whose shot point z values fluctuate about a contour value will cause contours to wobble throug ...surface through the data, (2) back interpolate from the trend surface a ''z'' value at each data location, (3) subtract the back interpolated values fr

...arpetgeo.2019.104136</ref> and <ref name=Zhang et al_2018>Zhang, G., Wang, Z., Li, H., Sun, Y., Zhang, Q., & Chen, W. (2018). Permeability prediction of ...e appraisal wells, but, as both Di et al.<ref name=Dietal_2020>Di, H., Li, Z., Maniar, H., & Abubakar, A. (2020). Seismic stratigraphy interpretation by

file:Mth14ch02f05.jpg|{{figure number|5}} Map with cross sections X-Z and Y-Z showing basinward-stepping geometries exhibited by lobe-shaped sand bodies

...6-30.</ref><ref>Delle Piane, C., I. T. Uysal, M. Faiz, Z. Pan, J. Bourdet, Z. Li, M. D. Raven, and D. N. Dewhurst, 2020, Thermal maturity and reservoir

:<math>k = \frac{1637T\mu z}{m'h}</math> * ''z'' = real gas compressibility factor

...shear components that are aligned with the three cartesian axes: x, y and z. Since the shear stress component is generally not aligned with these axes, :z is the depth to point below surface [m].

...atic fractions and are often displayed on a Sofer.<ref name=ch08r50>Sofer, Z., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1984-85/data/pg/0068/0

...Cretaceous || ? || Surdam et al.,<ref name=Surdametal_1994>Surdam, R. C., Z. S. Jiao, and R. S. Martinsen, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/sp ...n]] || Indirect || Al-Shaieb et al.,<ref name=Alshaiebetal_1994>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. Puckette, A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.

...organic source facies could be responsible for most of the oils. In the m/z 191 mass chromatograms ([[:file:oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8

...M. Mbadinga, Y. F. Liu, S. Z. Yang, J. F. Liu, R. Q. Ye, J. D. Gu, and B. Z. Mu, 2015, [https://www.nature.com/articles/srep09801 Insights into the ana

:<math>q_{\rm g} = \frac{0.703kh(p_{\rm R}^{2} - p_{\rm wf}^{2})}{T\mu_{\rm g}Z[\ln (r_{\rm e}/r_{\rm w}) - 0.75 + s]}</math> * Z = gas compressibility factor

...No composition changes occur in this experiment. CCE aids in measuring the Z-factors, oil relative volume below dew point or what is known as the liquid ...The volume of the effluent gas is measured, as well as its composition and Z-factor. The remaining fluid in the chamber is also measured. The CVD test,

...Geochemistry, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 511–524, DOI: 10.1016/0146-6380(91)90115-Z.</ref> Thermal maturation data used to model these parameters are usually d

...v. 332–334, p. 109–125.</ref>, 2012<ref name=Ostaninetal2012b>Ostanin, I., Z. Anka, R. di Primio, and A. Bernal, 2012b, Hydrocarbon leakage above the Sn .... Modified from Ostanin et al. (2013<ref name=Ostaninetal2013>Ostanin, I., Z. Anka, R. di Primio, and A. Bernal, 2013, Hydrocarbon plumbing systems abov

8. Hamilton-Smith, T., N.R. Hasenmueller, W.S. Boberg, Z. Smidchens, and W.T. Frankie, 1994, Gas production, in N.R. Hasenmueller, a

...Cretaceous || ? || Surdam et al.,<ref name=Surdametal_1994>Surdam, R. C., Z. S. Jiao, and R. S. Martinsen, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/sp ...n]] || Indirect || Al-Shaieb et al.,<ref name=Alshaiebetal_1994>Al-Shaieb, Z., J. Puckette, A. Abdalla, and P. B. Ely, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.

* Cassedy, E. S., and P. Z. Grossman, 1998, Introduction to Energy: Resources, Technology and Society,

...l data to be posted on a base map. Technical data files that contain the ''z'' information, such as seismic traces and well deviation data, are linked t

...ods can be found in Al Shaieb et al. (general),<ref name=ch18r5>Al Shaieb, Z., Cairns, J., Puckette, J., 1994, Hydrocarbon-induced diagenetic aureoles:

* Heinemann, Z. E., 2005, Fluid flow in porous media Volume 1.Leoben. 6 – 12

...ghtforward. Standard survey techniques for determining ''x'', ''y'', and ''z'' coordinates generally provide adequate accuracy, given sufficient control

...ef> and Surdam et al.<ref name=Surdametal_2001>Surdam, R. C., J. Robinson, Z. S. Jiao, and N. K. Boyd III, 2001, Delineation of Jonah field using seismi ...b /><ref name=Macgowanetal_1993 /><ref name=Surdametal_1997>Surdam, R. C., Z. S. Jiao, and H. P. Heasler, 1997, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/spec

...et al.<ref name=Matanovietal_2000>Matanovi, D. Meimurec, N. G & Kristafor, Z. 2000. Underbalanced drilling with coiled tubing. Abu Dhabi International P

...n, p. 121-148.</ref> <ref name=Surdametal_2001>Surdam, R. C., J. Robinson, Z. S. Jiao, and N. K. Boyd III, 2001, Delineation of Jonah field using seismi

...M., F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Even, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang, 1995, A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale, in W. A. Ber

...ion density tools, is related to atomic number Z, raised to the 3.6 power (Z^3.6). Consequently, very light components (pore fluids) have negl

...|| 3-D views of secondary Electron images. X-ray spectra for elements with Z> 10. || Pore geometry; grain morphology; diagenetic sequences; microtexture

...d be. A rule of thumb is that ''x'', the length of the cable, should equal z, the depth of the objective.

* He Y., Duan T. and Gao Z., “Sediment Entrainment”

...ssertation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.</ref><ref>Hossain, Z. and L. MacGregor, 2014, Advanced rock-physics diagnostic analysis: A new m

* ''Z''_''i'' = ''i''th transformed variable

...temperatures.<ref name="Fu et al, applications and limitations">Fu, B., F. Z. Page, A. J. Cavosie, J. Fournelle, N. T. Kita, T. Noriko, J. S. Lackey, S.

...M., F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry,and Z. Huang, 1995, A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale, in W. A. Ber

...al and horizontal flow.<ref name=Maetal_1999>Ma, S., J. Zhang, N. Jin, and Z. Wang, 1999, The 3-D architecture of point bar and the forming and distribu ...-paper/SPE-14837-MS SPE Paper 14837], 13 p.</ref><ref name=Fuetal_1998>Fu, Z., Q. Du, P. Zhang, B. Ji, and W. Lu, 1998, Improving recovery efficiency of

Bojiang, F., Xiaoming, Z., Jian, Z., Xiongqi, P., Chenglin, L., 2012. Dolomitization and the causes of dolomit ...tzel, M., Grengg, C., Hippler, D., Kluge, T., Leis, A., Lin, K., Wang, X., Zünterl, A., Boch, R., 2020. Fracture dolomite as an archive of continental

...n Jordan. Modified after Beydoun et al.<ref name=Beydounetal_1994>Beydoun, Z. R., Futyan, A. R. I., and A. H. Jawzi, 1994, Jordan revisited: Hydrocarbon

...the absence of significant clastic deposition,<ref>Hamilton, D. S., and N. Z. Tadros, 1994, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1994-96/data/pg

...ochemical evidence of the hybrid origin of their magmas / V. A. Lebedev, O.Z. Daduri, M.G. Togonidze, Yu.V. Goltsman // Petrology, Vol. 24, No. 4, p. 33 ...n the changchang sag, Qiongdongnan basin, South China Sea // T. Xiao- Yin, Z. Gong-Cheng, L. Jian-She, Y. Shu-Chun, R. Song, H. Sheng-Biao // Chinese jo

| Z factor

...p. 210–265.</ref> <ref name=Wendtetal_2005>Wendt, J., Kaufmann, B., Belka, Z., Farsan, N., and Bavandpur, A. K., 2005, Devonian/Lower Carboniferous stra ...China: Science, v. 289, p. 432–436.</ref> <ref name=Shenetal_2006>Shen, S. Z., Cao, C. Q., Henderson, C. M., Wang, X. D., Shi, G. R., Wang, Y., and Wang

...control. For example, Spaak et al.<ref>Spaak, P., J. Almond, S. Salahudin, Z. Mohd Salleh, and O. Tosun, 1999, Fulmar: A mature field revisited, in A. J

.... 325-357.</ref> and Surdam et al.<ref name=Surdametal_1997>Surdam, R. C., Z. S. Jiao, and H. P. Heasler, 1997, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/spec

...stress from other overlaying surfaces (G: elastic shear modulus with X and Z component, H: plastic hardening modulus, T: total thickness, T1, 2, 3: laye

...om geochemical analysis of two newly discovered seeps, in G. J. Carman and Z. Carman, eds., Petroleum Exploration and Development in Papua New Guinea: P

...p of the ratio of twice the atomic number divided by the atomic weight (2''Z''/''A'') for freshwater-filled limestone. This method only investigates one

...aring, and compaction.<ref name=Fossenetal_2007>Fossen, H., R. A. Schultz, Z. K. Shipton, and K. Mair, 2007, Deformation bands in sandstone: A review: J ...ly 2.5 times the total fault throw.<ref name=Shiptonandcowie_2001>Shipton, Z. K., and P. A. Cowie, 2001, Damage zone development over micron to kilomete

...7–378.</ref> Şengör et al.<ref name=Sengoretal_2005>Şengör, A. M. C., Tüysüz, O., İmren, C., Sakinç, M., Eyidoǧan, H., Görür, N., Le Pichon, X., an ...ey, Ankara: Geology, p. 62–78.</ref> <ref name=Edigeretal_1996>Ediger, V., Z. Bati, and M. Yazman, 1996, Paleopalynology of possible hydrocarbon source

...ys and iron oxides. Although they can also be cemented by zircon crystals (Z). (Modified from Folk<ref>Folk, R.L. (1965). Petrology of sedimentary rocks

...lays.<ref>Zou, C.-n., S.-z. Tao, X.-h. Gao, Y. Li, Z. Yang, Y.-j. Gong, D.-z. Dong, X.-j. Le, et al., 2010, [http://www.searchanddiscovery.net/abstracts

...maps of Iraq, from Jassim and Goff,<ref name=Jassimandgoff_2006>Jassim, S. Z. and Goff, J. C., 2006, Geology of Iraq: Dolin, Prague, and Moravian Museum

...lnyse>Geleynse, N. L., J. E. A. Storms, D. J. R. Walstra, H. R. A. Jagers, Z. B. Wang, and M. J. F. Sive, 2011, Controls on river delta formation; insig ...g of 20 m (66 ft) in x and y (horizontal) directions. Grid layering in the z (vertical) direction within each facies-association zone conforms to the un

...r om Gronland 26, 81 p.</ref> Ji and Barnes;<ref name=Jiandbarnes_1994>Ji, Z., and C. R. Barnes, 1994, Lower Ordovician conodonts of the St. George Grou

...Geology, v. 37, p. 483–486.</ref><ref name=SchbrYwr2009>Schieber, J., and Z. Yawar, 2009, A new twist on mud deposition—Mud ripples in experiment and

...eda, A. Fall, I. Brisson, E. Hernandez-Bilbao, R. J. Weger, D. A. Marchal, Z. Zanella, and P. R. Cobbold, 2020, [https://archives.datapages.com/data/spe

...ir. Such techniques have been described<ref>Jarvie, D. M., A. Morelos, and Z. Han, 2001a, [http://www.wwgeochem.com/resources/Jarvie+2001+Williston+Basi

...l-volumes/m97.htm AAPG Memoir 97], p. 89–119.</ref><ref>Liang, C., Y. Cao, Z. Jiang, J. Wu, S. Guoqi, and Y. Wang, 2017, [https://archives.datapages.com