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  • Estimating formation water density
    #REDIRECT [[Formation water density]]
    37 bytes (4 words) - 21:06, 14 July 2014
  • Determining porosity from density–neutron logs
    #REDIRECT [[Density-neutron log porosity]]
    42 bytes (4 words) - 19:46, 14 January 2015
  • Determining porosity from density-neutron logs
    #REDIRECT [[Density-neutron log porosity]]
    42 bytes (4 words) - 16:56, 19 December 2014
  • Normal hydrostatic pressure gradients
    ...adient is the rate of change in formation fluid pressure with depth. Fluid density is the controlling factor in the normal hydrostatic gradient. In the U.S. R ==Factors controlling fluid density==
    3 KB (428 words) - 10:24, 17 March 2022
  • Static oil pressure gradient estimation
    ...pedia:Pressure|pressure]]. [[Oil and condensate analysis|Oil or condensate density]] can be estimated to useful accuracy if stock tank [[API gravity]] and [[P # Estimate oil density using Figure 1.
    3 KB (355 words) - 15:18, 17 February 2022
  • Static hydrocarbon pressure gradients
    ...sured. When density is not measured, charts are available to help estimate density.
    2 KB (195 words) - 15:17, 17 February 2022
  • Gravity anomaly models
    * Density ...he size (shape) and depth of the geologic body than it is to constrain the density.
    4 KB (551 words) - 14:51, 31 January 2022
  • Formation water density
    Formation water density is a function of three variables: ==Estimating density from TDS==
    5 KB (714 words) - 15:19, 13 September 2022
  • Borehole gravity: uses, advantages, and disadvantages
    * Measuring [[Basic_open_hole_tools#Density|bulk density]] when radioactive tools are too risky * Directly measures [[Basic_open_hole_tools#Density|bulk density]]
    3 KB (351 words) - 15:11, 31 January 2022
  • Geostatic and lithostatic pressure
    * [[Wikipedia:Density|Densities]] of formation waters as related to [[Wikipedia:Salinity|saliniti * ρ<sub>m</sub> = weighted average of grain (mineral) density (sandstone and shale = 2.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, limestone = 2.71 g/cm<sup>3</
    3 KB (402 words) - 14:47, 16 February 2022
  • Gravity in petroleum exploration
    ...]] meter are effective in locating [[fault]]s and geologic structures with density contrasts to their surroundings. The borehole gravity meter has broad appli
    1 KB (187 words) - 17:53, 25 January 2022
  • Top seal ductility estimation
    ...a top seal]] can be estimated (1) by using laboratory data and log-derived density values that reflect the compaction state or (2) by comparing the strains in ==Shale ductility and density==
    7 KB (1,000 words) - 15:22, 30 March 2022
  • Seismic data: building a stratigraphic model
    ...ere there is a contrast in impedance (which is the product of velocity and density). Depth-dependent velocity and density models are needed to identify events or to create a synthetic seismogram. V
    5 KB (805 words) - 19:06, 27 January 2022
  • Static gas pressure gradient estimation
    ...density. Static gas pressure gradients can be estimated if subsurface gas density is known or has been estimated. Subsurface gas density is dependent on the ratio of its mass to its volume. Mass is related to the
    7 KB (979 words) - 15:24, 17 February 2022
  • Pressure prediction: analysis of cuttings
    ==Density of shale cuttings== ==Measuring shale cuttings density==
    5 KB (818 words) - 17:56, 17 February 2022
  • Hydrocarbon pressure gradient: plotting
    #* Measured hydrocarbon [[Wikipedia:Density|density]] #* Estimates of hydrocarbon density
    3 KB (381 words) - 17:54, 17 February 2022
  • Density-neutron log porosity
    The combination of the density and neutron logs provides a good source of [[porosity]] data, especially in ==Density log==
    12 KB (1,763 words) - 16:18, 5 April 2022
  • Interpreting gravity measurements
    ...odel sections. Divide the section into intervals of approximately the same density. ...ment rocks are not closer to the surface. These structures may be of lower density than the surrounding rocks.
    5 KB (725 words) - 18:00, 24 January 2022
  • Hydrostatic pressure-depth plot construction
    * Pressures calculated from water density ...culate the gradient from the water density using [[Formation water density|density measured from the formation water]] or calculated from the [[Spontaneous po
    7 KB (895 words) - 18:57, 16 February 2022
  • Methods for obtaining formation fluid pressures
    * Calculating hydrostatic pressures from measured water density or salinity * Estimating hydrostatic pressures from fluid density using R<sub>w</sub> (formation water resistivity)
    2 KB (295 words) - 17:54, 17 February 2022
  • Buoyancy pressure
    ...occur together, they create a buoyancy pressure that is a function of the density difference between the two fluids and the length of the less-dense fluid co * ρ<sub>w</sub> = density of water, g/cm<sup>3</sup>
    4 KB (596 words) - 18:37, 17 February 2022
  • Borehole gravity applications: examples
    ...density measurements and the gamma-gamma log density measurements. (right) Density values measured by the BHGM (left line) and the gamma-gamma tools (right li ...aused by a remote higher [[porosity]] zone not detected by the gamma-gamma density log. The broader difference anomaly observed over the length of the interva
    11 KB (1,596 words) - 18:08, 24 January 2022
  • Pressure prediction: analysis of well-log and seismic data
    [[Basic open hole tools#Resistivity|Resistivity]], sonic, and density logs (as well as some others) can give clues to the presence of over- or un ...depth, mark the value of resistivity, conductivity, sonic travel time, or density.
    5 KB (733 words) - 17:57, 17 February 2022
  • Migration rate calculation
    ...a, including [[permeability]] of carrier beds, [[viscosity]] of oil, fluid density, and [http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/p/pore_pressure.aspx po * ρ<sub>hc</sub> = hydrocarbon density (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)
    4 KB (618 words) - 19:40, 14 February 2022
  • Borehole gravity
    ...n 6330 and 6370 ft is caused by porosity not detected by the gamma-gamma [[density log]]. The broader difference anomaly observed over the length of the logge ...e [[gravity]] meter (BHGM) can be described simply as a deep-investigating density logging tool. Applications range beyond this simple description to include
    10 KB (1,517 words) - 15:54, 20 January 2022
  • Using conventional well logs to estimate richness
    ...ydrogen and carbon contents. All of these attributes can be measured using density sonic, neutron, [[Basic open hole tools#Gamma ray|gamma ray]], and [[Basic | Density || Low (approx. 1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> ) || Similar to pore fluids
    5 KB (768 words) - 15:48, 9 February 2022
  • Borehole gravity tool
    ...tion_fig15-10.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Fundamentals of measuring density using a borehole gravity sensor. From Schowalter;<ref name=Schowalter1979>S ...y of the intervening layer. The result is a direct computation of the bulk density of that layer.
    5 KB (720 words) - 18:07, 24 January 2022
  • API gravity
    ...of the American Petroleum Institute (API) that is inversely related to the density of liquid petroleum: API [[gravity]] = (141.5&deg;/[secific gravity at 16&d
    951 bytes (140 words) - 14:03, 25 February 2016
  • Designing a surficial geochemical survey
    ...s.com/data/specpubs/memoir66/18/0243.htm Importance of sampling design and density in target recognition], in D. Schumacher and M. A. Abrams, eds., Hydrocarbo ==Sample density==
    6 KB (826 words) - 17:33, 25 January 2022
  • Hydrocarbon column: calculation of maximum height
    * ''ρ<sub>w</sub>'' = density of water, g/cm<sup>3</sup> * ''ρ<sub>h</sub>'' = density of hydrocarbon, g/cm<sup>3</sup>
    3 KB (488 words) - 16:13, 31 March 2022
  • Hydrodynamic traps: mapping
    ...ynamic traps. Combining formation fluid pressures with other data, such as density and subsea elevation, produces maps that help outline areas where hydrodyna #*Note: Use gas density where gas is expected and oil density where oil is expected.
    4 KB (601 words) - 22:27, 17 February 2022
  • Hydrofractured seal leakage
    ...static pressure gradient is estimated from [[Basic_open_hole_tools#Density|density logs]] or [[porosity]] trend. * Petroleum density is estimated from the gas-oil ratio (GOR), [[API gravity]], temperature, an
    5 KB (679 words) - 17:11, 1 February 2022
  • Fluid-composition trap regime
    ...bility]], [[Wikipedia:Miscibility|immiscibility]], and [[Wikipedia:Density|density]] contrasts between [[hydrocarbon]]s and water are major factors that allow
    3 KB (402 words) - 16:31, 13 April 2022
  • Synthetic seismogram
    Velocity data from the sonic log (and the [[density log]], if available) are used to create a synthetic seismic trace. This tra ...ves are digitized at a sample interval of 0.5 to [[length::1 ft]]. (If the density curve is not available, the sonic alone may be used.)
    8 KB (1,199 words) - 13:57, 24 January 2022
  • Formation evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs
    ===Correction curve on the compensated density log=== The Δρ (delta rho) curve corrects the [[Basic open hole tools#Density|density log]] for the effect of rough borehole and mud cake. As such, the correctio
    9 KB (1,380 words) - 17:25, 18 January 2022
  • Seismic data display
    In exploration seismology, reflections are recorded from velocity or density contrasts in the rock sequence. By SEG convention, an increase in velocity, ...trace, (b) variable area, (c) variable area wiggle trace, and (d) variable density. Copyright: Conoco Inc.]]
    9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:17, 19 January 2022
  • Hydrostatic pressure gradient
    * [[Estimating formation water density]]
    2 KB (207 words) - 18:56, 16 February 2022
  • Gravity data processing
    | Elevation & surface density | Detailed topography & surface density
    4 KB (519 words) - 14:16, 31 January 2022
  • Factors that cause migration
    ...ity is less than that of water. This buoyancy force is proportional to the density difference and the height of the [[hydrocarbon column]]. It acts vertically ...ssure (P) decreases the buoyancy force as the hydrocarbons are buried. The density of hydrocarbons increases more rapidly than that of water as pressure incre
    6 KB (918 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
  • Seismic data interpretation - recurring themes
    ...effect, an edge detection technique. The bigger the [[velocity]] and/or [[density]] contrast between the rocks, the stronger the edge. ...uding a [[Fluid contacts|fluid contact]], [[porosity]] variation, or shale density change.
    5 KB (739 words) - 18:51, 27 January 2022
  • Hydrodynamic influence on trapping
    * ρ<sub>w</sub> = water density * ρ<sub>h</sub> = [[hydrocarbon]] density
    4 KB (582 words) - 22:08, 17 February 2022
  • Buoyancy forces in reservoir fluids
    ...the oil-water interface and the force of gravity acting together with the density contrast between the reservoir fluids, tending to pull the water down. ...rocarbon-water interface and the force of gravity acting together with the density contrast between the reservoir fluids, acting to pull the water down.<ref n
    8 KB (1,182 words) - 20:27, 3 March 2016
  • Seismic data preparation for mapping
    # Compute a synthetic seismogram for each online well with a sonic or [[density log]]. .... Another option is to convert sonic log (or velocity, density, velocity * density) to time and directly overlay onto the seismic section being interpreted. F
    7 KB (1,064 words) - 19:11, 27 January 2022
  • Standard interpretation
    ...ty formations, the compensated neutron in very low porosity formations, or density versus neutron crossplots in known lithologies. ...ic|sonic]] logs. When using a single porosity measuring device such as the density, neutron, or sonic, assumptions are normally required to estimate porosity.
    25 KB (3,776 words) - 19:53, 18 January 2022
  • Determining water saturation
    * [[Determining porosity from density-neutron logs]]
    2 KB (244 words) - 13:38, 5 April 2022
  • Preprocessing of logging data
    ...log. The gamma ray from the density curve and all curves recorded with the density are then shifted to match the induction log depths. The base curve should a ...epth shifts required. Core bulk density usually correlates well with the [[density log]] because lithologic variations are eliminated, resulting in two simila
    13 KB (2,094 words) - 17:42, 18 January 2022
  • The gravity method
    ...' that are caused by rocks having anomalous density in comparison with the density of the surrounding rocks. ...in aircraft, and in boreholes.<ref name=pt07r31>LaFehr, T. R., 1983, Rock density from [[borehole gravity]] surveys: Geophysics, v. 48, p. 341, DOI: [http://
    6 KB (854 words) - 16:19, 20 January 2022
  • Core-to-log transformations and porosity-permeability relationships
    ...}Plot showing unshifted core porosity in spiked format, together with bulk density log. ...|{{figure number|2}}Plot showing shitted core porosity, together with bulk density log.
    14 KB (1,893 words) - 20:15, 2 February 2016
  • Drilling fluid
    ...on and the subsurface environment. The most critical of the properties are density, [[viscosity]], fluid loss control, and chemical composition. ===Density===
    13 KB (1,866 words) - 21:17, 19 January 2022
  • Tool table
    | [[Basic open hole tools#Density|Density]] || 6 || 16 || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || √ || 0–2.0 || × ||
    5 KB (544 words) - 16:27, 18 January 2022
  • Well log analysis for reservoir characterization
    | Density (RHOB) || Lithology interpretation, finding hydrocarbon bearing zone, poros ...veral logs, there are gamma ray, spontaneous potential, resistivity, and [[density log]]. Basically, a formation with high gamma ray reading indicates that it
    25 KB (3,679 words) - 21:17, 13 March 2019
  • Perforation design
    ...al angle for shots (phasing). Thus, allowing for more shots per foot (shot density). As for the hollow guns, it leave no debris within the tubing. * Port plug guns: This kind is used for deep penetration with a density of four shots per foot
    12 KB (1,786 words) - 21:02, 21 April 2022
  • Fracture threshold in the real world
    ...) of water column. The water column substitutes low-density water for high-density rock. The result is a shift of P<sub>f</sub> to lower values. If the water Similarly, facies changes within a basin can alter the density distribution in the sediment column and seal risk. A facies change from den
    6 KB (930 words) - 15:49, 30 March 2022
  • Offshore exploration and exploitation
    Registers the variation of rock density, taking as reference the Earth gravitational field ([[:File:Figura 1.jpeg|F ...in each interest area, which results in a seismic data volume, with bigger density than r2-D seismic, and provides better ubication of the structures. This me
    5 KB (708 words) - 22:00, 10 April 2019
  • Archie equation
    ...matrix || Use density– neutron crossplot (See [[Determining porosity from density-neutron logs]].)
    5 KB (703 words) - 13:52, 5 April 2022
  • Gravity basics
    ...it is not as good as [[magnetics]] in determining depth to source because density distributions tend to be diffuse in the subsurface.
    5 KB (720 words) - 17:59, 24 January 2022
  • Petroleum source rock formation
    ...n-restricted sediments at depths below wave base, in stagnant waters where density or temperature-stratified water columns form, and in other areas where oxyg
    2 KB (296 words) - 17:35, 13 April 2022
  • Sorrento field: water saturation
    ...sity|Density logs]] were the primary source of [[porosity]] values. Matrix density appears to be about 2.68 g/cc, based on core-measured grain densities (cons
    7 KB (1,044 words) - 16:57, 13 April 2022
  • Amplitude variations with offset (AVO)
    ...ced by the parameters of the speed and density of the coating, so that the density of the layer can be analyzed by analyzing the reflection coefficient. AVO m ...cient reflections will be the difference of acoustic impedance (product of density and P velocity) over the sum.
    9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:39, 27 March 2019
  • FWhitehurst sandbox
    * bulk density http://physics.about.com/od/fluidmechanics/f/density.htm * density (but not density log) http://physics.about.com/od/fluidmechanics/f/density.htm
    22 KB (3,024 words) - 21:42, 19 December 2014
  • Quick-look lithology from logs
    * Formation density ==Formation density logs (Alone)==
    25 KB (3,637 words) - 19:39, 18 January 2022
  • Seal capacity of different rock types
    ...0.85 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, an interfacial tension of 21 dynes/cm, and a brine density of 1.05 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. Data were compiled from Smith<ref name=ch10r76>Sm
    5 KB (760 words) - 20:55, 31 March 2022
  • Open hole tools
    * '''Fluid properties''', which include density, gas to oil ratio, [[API gravity]], water resistivity and salinity, tempera | rowspan = 4 | [[Porosity]] and Lithology || Density
    23 KB (3,350 words) - 17:26, 18 January 2022
  • Hydrocarbon reservoirs associated to layered intrusive bodies
    ...where their density is equated with the host rocks. It may happen that the density remains below the rocks of the environment and that the magma is detained i
    10 KB (1,475 words) - 16:29, 4 April 2019
  • Intact membrane seal leakage
    .... 59, p. 939–956.</ref> in conjunction with estimates of in situ petroleum density.
    3 KB (475 words) - 17:08, 1 February 2022
  • Contourites
    ...vertical. If it presents low density it will remain surface, while a high density will sink. In turn, this property is dependent on temperature and salinity. * '''Salinity''': High concentrations cause an increase in the density of water; while its low concentration, decrease it.
    13 KB (1,889 words) - 19:11, 6 April 2016
  • Log analysis: lithology
    The M-N crossplot uses the density, [[Basic open hole tools#Compensated neutron|compensated neutron]], and com ...t zero porosity. RHOMAA results from a mathematical projection of the bulk density of an interval to its value at zero porosity. These projections to zero por
    25 KB (3,189 words) - 17:24, 18 January 2022
  • Pressure detection
    ...of pressure above normal follows the aquathermal gradient (constant water density) and then follows the fracture gradient.<ref name=pt03r8>Barker, C., and B. ...of abnormally high [[porosity]]) than normal shales at a given depth. The density of shale cuttings can be measured by several methods. Also, the shape of dr
    16 KB (2,450 words) - 21:42, 20 January 2022
  • Normal hydrostatic pressure
    * Rate of pressure change depends only on water density.
    3 KB (480 words) - 13:47, 16 February 2022
  • Pressure prediction: analysis of mud weights
    * [[Formation water density|Formation water]] and gas cutting of the mud
    4 KB (572 words) - 17:56, 17 February 2022
  • Amplitude (seismic)
    : <math>\text{IA} = \text{Density} \times \text{Velocity}</math> Factors that influences velocity of wave are porosity, density, temperature, [[grain size]], gas saturation, frequency, external pressure,
    8 KB (1,291 words) - 15:49, 18 January 2017
  • Rock physics analysis for reservoir identification
    ...nostic) by utilizing a given Vp-Vs-Rho set (P-wave, S-wave velocities, and density). ...and Sand B (clayey sandstone as indicated by gamma ray log) have different density and wave velocities compared to the claystones, even Sand A and Sand B have
    15 KB (2,356 words) - 18:00, 26 April 2022
  • Pinedale field
    ...g, have helped to release the gas trapped in the Lance Pool. Finally, high-density drilling, as dense as one well for five acres, has allowed for significantl M107FG4.jpg|{{figure number|4}}High-density pad drilling allows development of a large subsurface volume of the gas res
    16 KB (2,521 words) - 17:13, 29 January 2016
  • Magnetics: petroleum exploration applications
    ...density contrast between adjacent blocks and because of interference from density differences within the sedimentary section. On seismic data, the basement r
    9 KB (1,274 words) - 17:59, 24 January 2022
  • Elemental parameter data for oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations
    Other parameters included in this category are [[API gravity]] (or density), color, wax content, pour point, and [[viscosity]]. Most of these paramete
    4 KB (571 words) - 17:34, 15 February 2022
  • Natural hydraulic fracturing of top seals
    ...nsity logs to calculate overburden stress. For example, a 1-cm cube with a density of 2.4 g/cm<sup>3</sup> exerts an overburden stress of 2.4 g/cm<sup>2</sup>
    9 KB (1,274 words) - 15:44, 30 March 2022
  • Capillary pressure
    * ''&rho;''<sub>w</sub> = density of the wetting nonwetting fluid * ''&rho;''<sub>nw</sub> = density of the nonwetting fluid
    23 KB (3,315 words) - 16:59, 19 January 2022
  • Monte Carlo and stochastic simulation methods
    ...tions of these outcomes. Such behavior can be characterized by probability density functions (pdf) of the response variables, as depicted on the right of [[:I ...imulated values of any one attribute reasonably reproduces the probability density function of the corresponding random variable model.
    11 KB (1,623 words) - 19:24, 19 January 2022
  • Fault seal analysis for reservoir development
    * ρ<sub>w</sub> = pore density of water (kg /m3) * ρ<sub>h</sub> = density of hydrocarbons (kg /m3)
    14 KB (2,146 words) - 19:35, 13 September 2022
  • Forward modeling of seismic data
    ...osity]] is represented in the model by a lower interval velocity and lower density than the surrounding rock (see [[Porosity]]). ...20Snell's%20law Snell's law], and are partially reflected when velocity or density discontinuities are encountered. Traveltimes of reflected arrivals correspo
    10 KB (1,513 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
  • Hydrodynamics
    * ρ = density of fluid (lb/ft<sup>3</sup> or g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
    5 KB (658 words) - 22:04, 17 February 2022
  • Petroleum reservoir fluid properties
    ...iquid measured at standard conditions (usually 14.7 psia and 60 °T) to the density of pure water at the same standard conditions. Denoted mathematically as γ ...of density of any gas at standard conditions (14.7 psia and 60 °F) to the density of air at standard conditions; based on the ideal gas law (''pV'' = ''nRT''
    19 KB (2,721 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
  • Drilling problems
    ...ased_muds|water-based drilling fluids]]. The increase in [[viscosity]] and density of the drilling can may result in the following:
    5 KB (732 words) - 21:18, 19 January 2022
  • Sequence stratigraphy analysis
    ...e-grained sediments (clays and marls) in low-energy environments where low-density organic sediments are deposited and can be preserved. Organic-rich rocks ar
    4 KB (612 words) - 17:39, 13 April 2022
  • Seismic facies analysis
    * Velocity and density contrasts of individual interfaces
    6 KB (809 words) - 17:46, 4 February 2022
  • Weyburn seal capacity
    * ρ<sub>w</sub> = formation water density (g/cc) * ρ<sub>h</sub> = hydrocarbon density (g/cc)
    10 KB (1,484 words) - 20:55, 4 December 2023
  • Production logging
    ...These fluid identification instruments measure the pressure gradient, bulk density, or capacitance of the flowing mixture. The flowmeter and fluid identificat ...ement can be converted to percent annular fill of cement. The ''variable [[density log]]'' (VDL) at the far right of [[:file:production-logging_fig6.png|Figur
    12 KB (1,726 words) - 16:48, 20 January 2022
  • Fluid contacts
    ...Estimates [[Free water level|free water surface]] from pressures and fluid density measurements || rowspan = 2 | Makes use of widely available pressure data where ''ρ''<sub>''h''</sub> = density of the hydrocarbon.
    19 KB (2,690 words) - 21:20, 19 January 2022
  • Hydrocarbon expulsion, migration, and accumulation
    ...ates through an aquifer when it is “buoyed” upward due to AP caused by the density differential of the hydrocarbons and the formation water. The oil or gas mi
    6 KB (828 words) - 16:32, 4 April 2022
  • Structural exploration: thrust belt example
    ...ry of the prospect and the location of zones of high strain (high fracture density?) within the structure. Published with permission of James Morse, Computati ...f the prospect and the location of zones of high strain (high [[fracture]] density?) within the structure. These insights can be useful in determining optimal
    14 KB (1,897 words) - 20:01, 3 February 2022
  • Two-dimensional geophysical workstation interpretation: generic problems and solutions
    ...ee-dimensional data are generally more coherent because only a single high density data set is usually involved. Two-dimensional projects are rarely confined ...of data. Typically, processed data are written as 16-or 32-bit words. This density of information translates to large volumes of information and requires a gr
    20 KB (2,848 words) - 14:29, 20 January 2022
  • Amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis
    ...ility modeling requires the following: (1) a depth-[[velocity]] model, (2) density and velocity trend curves, (3) [[porosity]] ranges, (4) fluid content varia ...g point for the inversion process, the final [[compressional velocity]], [[density]], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio Poisson's ratio] inf
    12 KB (1,723 words) - 18:41, 20 January 2022
  • Contouring geological data with a computer
    ...for a particular mapping project are selected by carefully inspecting both density and distribution of control points from which the map will be made. ...include error in the resultant surface. This error is related to both the density and location of the measured control points used to construct the surface.
    25 KB (3,597 words) - 20:49, 19 January 2022
  • Hydrocarbon migration
    ...ecular size, and [http://physics.about.com/od/fluidmechanics/f/density.htm density]. The main chemical constraint is [[Wikipedia:Solubility|solubility]] of mi
    6 KB (865 words) - 14:33, 6 April 2016
  • Yowlumne field
    ...consistent with a lower-gradient oil-water contact. More likely, the large density contrast results in buoyant oils unlikely to support a contact tilted more
    13 KB (1,896 words) - 19:02, 11 March 2019
  • Reservoir fluids
    ...the oil-water interface and the force of gravity acting together with the density contrast between the reservoir fluids, tending to pull the water down. ...rocarbon-water interface and the force of gravity acting together with the density contrast between the reservoir fluids, acting to pull the water down.<ref>A
    22 KB (3,508 words) - 20:34, 3 March 2016
  • Migration rate
    The rate of transport of hydrocarbons by buoyancy depends on the density contrast of the hydrocarbons with water and [[hydrocarbon column]] height.
    6 KB (877 words) - 19:33, 14 February 2022
  • Geologic mapping (UGM)
    ...ols and colors. Details of geological map depend on the its scale, and the density and accuracy of observations in the field. The final result from all [[geol * Less time is spent in areas where the rocks are uniform and a lower density of observations will serve.
    29 KB (4,733 words) - 15:34, 15 January 2024
  • Data: sources
    ..., vertical permeability, porosity, water saturation, oil saturation, grain density, and sometimes a brief description of the core plug lithology (Table 1). A | Grain density || The density of the constituent grains making up the sediment in the core plug.
    43 KB (6,686 words) - 13:44, 18 March 2019
  • Reservoir quality
    ...en hole tools#Compensated neutron|neutron]] logs, (2) porosity logs—sonic, density, and neutron logs, and (3) fluid saturation logs—resistivity logs.<ref na
    18 KB (2,514 words) - 17:47, 21 January 2022
  • Tar sands
    ...ferentiate between [[crude oil]]s, on one hand, and bitumens on the other. Density (specific [[gravity]]) should be considered next. Tar sands were therefore
    7 KB (1,012 words) - 13:40, 18 March 2019
  • Reservoir engineering
    ...y the rate of gas density in a pressure and temperature sub surface by gas density in equal temperature and pressure (usually in surface). </ref><ref name=Wic
    14 KB (2,122 words) - 17:33, 7 March 2016
  • Seismic data - creating an integrated structure map
    ...eismic time picks exist. The wells used as control do not need velocity or density logs but must penetrate the event of interest. The event depth ''z'' (measu
    7 KB (1,117 words) - 17:51, 25 January 2022
  • Porosity
    ...ied total porosity (see Effective porosity below). Total porosity from a [[density log]] would equate with the disaggregated oven-dried total porosity from [[ | Grain density readily determined
    24 KB (3,450 words) - 19:09, 20 January 2022
  • Gravity applications: examples
    ..., sand, and river deposits. However, the subbasins, because they are lower density than cratonic [[basement]], can be identified in the gravity data as large
    6 KB (915 words) - 15:10, 31 January 2022
  • Subduction zone
    ...se of subducting slab beside compression is density. [[Crust]] with higher density tends to move inside the Earth. According to the types of involved crust, s ...oves away from the ridge, conductive cooling turns the crust to be denser. Density of oceanic crust varies laterally, increasing from the ridge axis to the tr
    27 KB (4,033 words) - 20:52, 27 March 2019
  • Structural geology
    ...load of the overlying sediments and the high mobility of the lowermost low density layer. ...forces of the growth faults are the deferential sediments load and the low density layers - evaporites or over-pressured shale - that are formed during or rig
    14 KB (2,168 words) - 21:31, 13 March 2019
  • Drilling a well
    ...ixing in with the lighter oil as it flows to the surface will increase the density of flowing fluids within the tubing, and the production rate will fall. The ...ellbore and then through valves in the production tubing. This reduces the density of the producing fluid column and increases the flow rate. The gas will exp
    15 KB (2,385 words) - 15:05, 1 August 2016
  • Reducing exploration risk
    In a petroleum province, drilling density usually indicates how intensively an area has been explored. Though this is
    8 KB (1,240 words) - 20:43, 25 January 2022
  • Dip-leaking fault
    ...ge. Other possible controls in some basins include asymmetric [[fracture]] density and/or preferential hydraulic fracturing in the hanging wall.<ref name=ch10
    8 KB (1,130 words) - 17:14, 28 March 2022
  • Measurement while drilling
    ...MWD tool provide a larger number of samples per foot. The increased sample density often results in better resolution of thin beds, particularly with electrom
    8 KB (1,083 words) - 21:18, 19 January 2022
  • Shale tectonics
    ...cientists. Salt is known to extrude and flow as a result of differences in density of the material and surrounding sediments. However, movement of fine-graine ...81.2–2590.8 m/s) with very little increase in velocity with depth; (2) low density, estimated to be in the range of 2.1–2.3 g/cm<sup>3</sup>; (3) low resist
    17 KB (2,466 words) - 16:16, 10 January 2024
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Sichuan Basin
    ...rized by high gamma ray (GR), high uranium (U), high acoustic (AC) and low density (DEN) (Fig. 3). Moreover, the gas-producing shale interval has high brittle
    7 KB (985 words) - 18:54, 4 December 2023
  • Structural play geology
    | Density contrast Differential loading | Density contrast Differential loading
    18 KB (2,422 words) - 14:21, 2 February 2022
  • Wellsite math
    * The density of the liquid (mud weight) ...he drill string, where to spot oil when the drill string is stuck, and the density of the intruding kick fluid.
    21 KB (3,142 words) - 15:10, 24 January 2022
  • Plate tectonics and basin formation
    ...The subduction plate may also increase its density while it sinks, as low-density materials such as water are lost and as plate minerals collapse into denser
    24 KB (3,689 words) - 17:46, 18 April 2019
  • Cross-well electromagnetic tomography monitoring of fluid distribution
    The receiver magnetic flux density is obtained by the following equation: | H<sub>z</sub> || Magnetic flux density in the z-direction || Tesla (T) || kg.s<sup>-2</sup>.A<sup>-1</sup>
    18 KB (2,715 words) - 18:29, 8 February 2024
  • Core alteration and preservation
    | Low-density polyethylene || 500 || 1.0 || 1900 | High-density polyethylene || 200 || 0.4 || 500
    20 KB (2,971 words) - 15:46, 19 January 2022
  • Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems
    | Porosity, [[Quick-look lithology from logs|lithology]] (with sonic, density) | [[Basic open hole tools#Density|Density]] log
    38 KB (5,198 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
  • Full waveform acoustic logging
    ...rement of formation shear wave velocity. Together with P wave velocity and density, one can obtain the shear modulus and compressibility of the formation, whi
    10 KB (1,530 words) - 20:47, 19 January 2022
  • Tight gas reservoirs: evaluation
    ...ermeability gas reservoirs, crossover of the compensated neutron-formation density logs is the most reliable well log for indicating gas-saturated and porous
    11 KB (1,444 words) - 21:26, 4 January 2024
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Bohai Bay Basin
    ...sphaltenes (in average 39.7% and 11.2%, respectively), and therefore, high density and viscosity (~57.7 mPa·s) (Figure 5), e.g., poor mobility. In addition,
    8 KB (1,251 words) - 15:51, 14 March 2022
  • Magnetics
    | Horizontal density variations
    10 KB (1,481 words) - 15:39, 24 January 2022
  • East Breaks hydrocarbon migration model
    ...saline brines is taking place—in part in response to differences in fluid density caused by spatial variations in temperature and salinity. The dissolution o
    10 KB (1,376 words) - 16:00, 23 March 2022
  • Enhanced oil recovery
    ...perties of particular interest are interfacial tension, [[viscosity]], and density. In combination with the heterogeneity of the reservoir, these properties r
    12 KB (1,794 words) - 21:19, 19 January 2022
  • Dolomite and dolomitization: Implications for reservoir characterization
    ...(PEF) of dolomite is 3.14 barns / electron (Schlumberger, 1989). The bulk density of dolomite is 2.87 g/cm3 (Schlumberger, 1989). The sonic matrix time for d ...spectively (Rashid et al., 2020; Zangana et al., 2020). Similarly, neutron-density cross-plot is also used for lithology identification (Fig. 16; Rider, 1996;
    38 KB (4,996 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
  • Overview of routine core analysis
    ...ore system development or lithology require more frequent sampling. Sample density should be adequate to define net pay, [[Fluid contacts|hydrocarbon-water tr
    14 KB (2,121 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
  • Recognizing stacked depositional sequences from well data
    ...pontaneous potential]], [[Basic open hole tools#Resistivity|resistivity]], density, and velocity logs calibrated by well-cutting descriptions and formation mi
    14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:16, 9 January 2024
  • Petroleum exploration
    ...of wireline logging: radioactive log, consists of Gamma Ray, Neutron, and Density; electric log, consists of SP and resistivity; acoustic log; image log; and
    15 KB (2,331 words) - 19:12, 17 April 2019
  • Basin modeling: identifying and quantifying significant uncertainties
    ** Density, heat capacity ...control the thermal and fluid transport properties (thermal conductivity, density, heat capacity, radiogenic heat, and [[permeability]]) that control thermal
    38 KB (5,890 words) - 15:16, 23 August 2016
  • Well completion
    ...ndable gun costs slightly more that an expendable gun with comparable shot density. Like the expendable gun, the semi-expendable gun can use larger jet charge
    19 KB (2,910 words) - 21:06, 18 January 2022
  • Diagenetically complex reservoir evaluation
    ...e ([[Basic open hole tools#Gamma ray|GR]], [[Basic open hole tools#Density|density]], [[Basic open hole tools#Compensated neutron|neutron]], or [[Basic open h
    31 KB (4,171 words) - 18:22, 21 January 2022
  • Flow units for reservoir characterization
    ...on petrophysical properties, changes in texture, cementation, [[fracture]] density, differences in sedimentary structures or bedding styles, and/or separation
    16 KB (2,282 words) - 20:46, 19 January 2022
  • Reservoir modeling for simulation purposes
    ...be modeled is a function of both the degree of heterogeneity and the data density. At an early stage of development, one may be restricted to seismic data, s
    17 KB (2,234 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
  • Wattenberg field
    ...signated H.M. Note perforated interval 8160–8173 ft and associated neutron-density crossover gas effect. ...ch map of the Codell Sandstone, porosity greater than 6% using 2.68 matrix density; contour interval 5 ft. Porous Codell ranges in thickness from 5 to 25 ft a
    72 KB (10,249 words) - 20:06, 15 January 2024
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
    ...r level represents organic matter. The brighter gray level reflects higher density [[carbonate]] phases, and the brightest gray level represents [[pyrite]]. N
    16 KB (2,441 words) - 20:24, 23 January 2019
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage
    ...However, site-specific assessment requires more detailed data such as high-density 2-D or [[Three-dimensional seismic method|3-D seismic]], [[Overview of rout The high-density data sets are needed to evaluate the [[reservoir]] and [[Seal rock|seal]] g
    37 KB (5,487 words) - 21:14, 11 March 2019
  • Reservoir simulation study
    ...tional models. These models may exhibit such complexities as a fluid whose density is linearly proportional to depth or whose phase switches repeatedly betwee
    19 KB (2,711 words) - 17:48, 21 January 2022
  • Show evaluation
    * Mud weight and effective circulation density
    18 KB (2,670 words) - 18:21, 21 January 2022
  • Arecuna field
    ...s, and mapped throughout the data volume. Nine wells, all having sonic and density logs and some having check-shot surveys, were used to generate the syntheti
    16 KB (2,381 words) - 19:03, 11 March 2019
  • Delta plain, subaqueous
    ...of river-mouth-bar sand bodies is determined by riverine flow conditions, density contrast between issuing ambient water, bottom slope seaward of the mouth, ...ent and the bed just seaward of the mouth; and (c) buoyancy resulting from density contrasts between issuing and ambient fluids.
    60 KB (9,022 words) - 17:17, 21 March 2016
  • Mudstones
    ...ium; clay minerals versus thorium or potassium; pyrite and TOC versus bulk density; after Bohacs et al. .<ref name=Bhcs2014a />). Oc. Chem. = ocean chemistry.
    16 KB (2,352 words) - 18:46, 4 December 2023
  • Fluid inclusions: analysis and applications
    ...etroleum inclusions at room temperature: liquid and vapor. Composition and density are the two main factors that control the proportion of liquid and vapor. V
    20 KB (2,691 words) - 21:06, 21 April 2022
  • Permeability
    ..., McGraw Hill, 287 p.</ref> take into account differences in viscosity and density. Thus, permeability can be determined with fluids other than water as long
    19 KB (2,716 words) - 19:02, 20 January 2022
  • Geology workstation
    ...the kit is generation of [[synthetic seismograms]] from input sonic and [[density log]] data (which should be integrated with the log analysis database). Int
    19 KB (2,872 words) - 14:28, 20 January 2022
  • Log analysis applications
    ...values to each other at the same depth, such as core [[porosity]] and bulk density. Each type of wireline tool measures a different rock property. By studying
    21 KB (3,142 words) - 16:20, 20 January 2022
  • Fractured reservoir evaluation
    ...ata/pg/0068/0005/0600/0637.htm A method for estimating subsurface fracture density in core]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 68, p. 637–648.</ref><ref name=pt06r96>Nolen-
    26 KB (3,674 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
  • West Texas Super Basin
    ...itional plays are less economic when exploited in the productive but lower density hydrocarbon and higher water cut, a more regional part of these transitiona ...continent unconventional resource plays, other than the Woodford, have low-density hydrocarbon concentration and, typically, high-water productivity. These hy
    157 KB (23,278 words) - 18:36, 16 January 2024
  • Depositional environments
    ...ts far into the lake, also may transport sediment by turbidity current and density underflows to the basin. So, there are many depositional mechanisms that op
    26 KB (3,851 words) - 20:38, 28 February 2019
  • Relationship between porosity and permeability on fractured basement reservoir
    ...parameter of fluids and rock that effects flow in the fractured media are density, viscosity, surface tension, bazaar properties, fracture length, fractured
    29 KB (4,601 words) - 16:09, 12 April 2016
  • White paper: Hydraulic fracturing
    ...and water. The location, size and design of the rock’s existing fractures, density and variations in subsurface pressures also affect the hydraulic fracturing
    27 KB (4,076 words) - 16:33, 19 July 2016
  • Faults: structural geology
    ...seen in cores. Structural core logging may be required if there is a high density of such features or where knowledge of the detailed fault or fracture patte * the density and orientation of open fractures
    63 KB (9,496 words) - 16:51, 15 January 2024
  • Meandering fluvial reservoirs
    | High density of faulting || Small faults can create connectivity in layered sandy fluvia
    32 KB (4,727 words) - 21:03, 15 January 2024
  • Appalachian Basin Marcellus gas play
    ...ynesville shales, which have higher pressure gradients combined with lower density open natural fracture networks. These modern shale-gas plays rely more on t ...high organic content of key Marcellus Shale play intervals. G/C3 = matrix density ρmatrix (in grams per cubic centimeter); GAPI = gamma-ray API units; SEM =
    89 KB (13,415 words) - 19:16, 16 January 2024
  • Vaca Muerta play
    ...development of an unconventional play: flat geomorphology, low population density, easy water access, limited competition for surface use and existing oil an ...astic system. When a distinguishable shelf break was created, salinity and density contrast in the water masses enhanced the current activity triggering hydro
    77 KB (11,201 words) - 20:07, 15 January 2024
  • Three-dimensional modeling of clinoforms in shallow-marine reservoirs
    | Oil density (ρ<sub>o</sub>) || 650 || kg/m<sup>3</sup> | Water density (ρ<sub>w</sub>) || 950 || kg/m<sup>3</sup>
    113 KB (16,689 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
  • Phanerozoic Tethys region
    ..._1984>Wilde, P., and Berry, W. B. N., 1984, Destabilization of the oceanic density structure and its significance to marine ‘extinction’ events: Palaeogeo
    79 KB (11,542 words) - 18:47, 19 July 2016
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