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...(pore-lining) coarse sandstone || Connected vugs or vugs in a crystalline matrix || Fracture width >50µ || Poorly connected vugs or [[oomold]]s in a fine to medium crystalline matrix || Fracture width 5-50µ

...ined rocks, so it is easier for petroleum to invade the fractures than the matrix porosity. In fact, many fractured rocks with open fractures have apertures ...ry-pressure tests]] because seal failure is through the fractures, not the matrix pore network.

...bedded (i.e., below limits of logging tool resolution), have clay in their matrix, or have moldic, vuggy, or [[fracture]] porosity require adjustments. The t * 1.8 (or less) for rocks with clayey matrix or [[fracture]]s

...um fluid pressure) is less than the capillary displacement pressure of the matrix [[porosity]] of the seal. Under these conditions, the relative [[permeabili ...ring]] occurs, oil can leak through the [[fracture]]s without invading the matrix porosity.

Abnormal fluid pressure causes abnormal pressure within the rock matrix; this directly affects compaction. Fluid carries some of the overburden str ...arizes the relationships of fluid pressure, intergranular stress, and rock matrix appearance.

Formation bulk density is a function of matrix density, porosity, and fluids contained in the pore space. Formation bulk d * ρ_ma = matrix density (see table below)

| Negative image of particles making up matrix | Relates only indirectly to particles making up matrix

To assess [[kerogen]] quality visually, we can separate it from the mineral matrix through acidification. We can then examine the kerogen using transmitted li

* [[Secondary porosity]] created by cement and/or matrix dissolution

...within the chalk were the primary targets and petroleum stored in the rock matrix was initially ignored due to the low permeability of the chalk. Continued i

* Microcrystalline lime mud: matrix component of the rock < 4 μm in size. Based on the relative proportions of matrix and pore-filling components surrounding the framework component, Folk defin

percentages of subangular to angular grains, contain more than 15 percents of matrix and poorly-well sorted of grain sorting. Its mean that commonly texture are ...-pepper to uniform medium and gray. Lithic arenites tend to have amount of matrix, of course it can be called lithic wackes which has poorly to very poorly s

...d P is the number of attributes or variables. For example, a (5 &times; 3) matrix might represent five core samples at different depths on which frequencies ...g the logarithm) prior to establishing the correlation matrix. Because the matrix is symmetrical, there are P(P - 1)/2 potentially different correlation valu

...orosity reservoir”, one characterized by a complex interaction of the coal matrix and cleat system coupled through the desorption process. The mechanism for # diffusion of the gas through the micropores of the coal matrix, and

...nt of compaction. In such cases, the fluid is overpressured and the rock [[matrix]] is undercompacted.

# Fracture matrix ...porosity system types. Porous of matrix from a formation that has fracture matrix, usually disconnected each other, so that fluids exchange system extremelly

...e, formation damage, requires a damage removal technique, which is usually matrix acidizing but may occasionally involve hydraulic fracturing. Solvent or sur ...ation at a rate faster than the formation can accept the fluid through its matrix permeability. For example, [[:file:stimulation_fig4.png|Figure 4]] illustra

...[[paleolatitude]], pressure, [[Wikipedia:Fluid dynamics|fluid flow]], rock matrix chemistry, and [[Petroleum reservoir fluid properties|pore fluid chemistry]

...sting “noisy chalk” (fractured chalk) due to the porosity contained in the matrix (over 8%) that may have allowed charging under over-pressured settings. In ...ig. 4); Loucks et al. (2021) performed a regional study characterizing the matrix of Austin Chalk; Zheng et al. (2021) defined the benthic oxygenation histor

...itannica.com/EBchecked/topic/369508/matrix matrix] interaction can isolate matrix hydrocarbons ...ontrolled to not pull water preferentially along fractures and not through matrix

:<math> \Phi \text{d} = \frac{\rho matrix - \rho log}{\rho matrix - \rho fluid}</math> where ρmatrix is the matrix density (the value depends on the lithology, see table 2 for the value refe

...sub>), and the fluid density (ρ_fl at the depth of interest. The matrix density is determined by the lithology. Normally, sandstone is 2.65 g/cm<su ...or effective porosity through the selection of appropriate matrix density. Matrix density can be accurately determined from core measurements. Linear volumet

...en drilled off crest and away from hinges to obtain an early assessment of matrix [[porosity]] in the reservoir.

....com/data/bulletns/1980-81/data/pg/0064/0001/0050/0059.htm Role of mineral matrix in kerogen pyrolysis: Influence on petroleum generation and migration]: Ame ...um carbonate > [[gypsum]].<ref name=Esptl1980 /> Variations in the mineral matrix effect related to organic richness occur in whole-rock samples with TOC val

...p://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/369508/matrix matrix] or grains. As matrix, detrital clays can obliterate permeability. Detrital grains of clay are of

...osed of crystallites of calcium phosphate (apatite) embedded in an organic matrix. There is one type of stratigraphically significant phosphatic microfossils

...al entry pressure([[Intact membrane seal leakage]]), open fractures bypass matrix [[pore systems]] ([[Fractured membrane seal leakage]]), [[Natural hydraulic

...lot uses the apparent volumetric [[cross section]] (UMAA) and the apparent matrix grain density (RHOMAA) to identify minerals. UMAA represents the projection ...ssplot (see [[Standard interpretation]]). Using this porosity, an apparent matrix density is determined from the following equation:

...total porosity while [[Basic open hole tools#Sonic|sonic logs]] read only matrix porosity. The difference is taken as secondary porosity, which might includ ...ry close to 1.0. This is much smaller than the cementation exponent of the matrix (''m''_b). The cementation exponent of the composite system (''m'

...of Structural Geology 13 (1): 21–35.</ref> This effort is achieved through matrix multiplication.<ref name=RamsayHuber1>Ramsay, John; Huber, Martin (1983). T ...ition of pure and simple shear components produce differing geometries, as matrix multiplication is non-communicative. Adaptation and modifications from Rams

==Preparing matrix properties== ...es describe reservoir characteristics specified at each point of the grid (matrix) overlying the reservoir model ([[:file:conducting-a-reservoir-simulation-s

The mineralogy and volumes of framework grains, cement, and matrix are essential for reconstructing the [[Diagenesis|diagenetic]] history of a ===Matrix===

...which is a [[microporous]] solid with large internal surface areas in the matrix pore structure that can adsorb very large amounts of gas. Lesser amounts ca

...framework grains, and arenites, wackes, and mudrocks based on the type of matrix present in between the framework grains. Arenites are the best known petrol ...posed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains of about 0.05mm to 2cm, matrix, cement and pore space ([[:File:Sandstone-Fig-2.png|Figure 2]]).

...osited during condensed sedimentation of each cycle. [[Migration]] through matrix [[porosity]] of these effective top-seal mudstones is highly unlikely. Thus ...interpreted to occur through [[fracture]]s and faults rather than through matrix porosity.

...n conversion. Burial history and catalytic effects, due to [[source rock]] matrix chemistry, affect the rate of generation, although these effects are second

...leum column heights that may exceed the capillary displacement pressure of matrix [[porosity]]. The effective [[permeability]] to petroleum is no longer zero

...during burial than poorly sorted sands. Poorly sorted sands have more clay matrix and nonquartz grains.

* Relationship between petrophysical properties of fractures and matrix

...gan coalification process. When temperature and pressure of coal increase, matrix in coal decrease create micro pore that trap methane. The increase [[fractu

...in a rock. The remaining space in the rock is occupied by the framework or matrix of the rock and, if present, nonconnected pore space. Common porosity types ...ir quality rocks are well-sorted, have well-rounded grains, and contain no matrix material.

...to resistivity, raw data to porosities, neutron porosities to a different matrix, metric to English depth units, percent to decimal, and so on. ...the same scales. (Note that this usually requires consistent trace naming, matrix parameters, and decimal/percent conventions for all wells in the database.)

...ols#Density|Density logs]] were the primary source of [[porosity]] values. Matrix density appears to be about 2.68 g/cc, based on core-measured grain densiti

...nates is inferred by comparing the relatively slow ROP in rocks having low matrix porosity to rocks having higher porosity and faster ROP. This comparison re

...ated gamma rays are measured and used to perform elemental analysis of the matrix and/or the fluids. Variations are being marketed under the general names of

...composition of the various charges. Fluid inclusions entrapped within rock matrix and healed fractures during diagenesis and trap filling offer a unique tool ...hing: The technique liberates trapped hydrocarbons by crushing the mineral matrix using an organic solvent followed by a specific filtration procedure.<ref n

* matrix http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/369508/matrix

...ge of granules with angular until subangular roundness. The content of the matrix can appear as the rest up to more than 15 percent, and sorting of grains ca

* Cementation or matrix

...the oil-mature stage with 0.68% to 1.16% Ro (Zhao et al., 2018). The shale matrix has a porosity of less than 10% and permeability of less than 1×10-3 μm2.

...d to dolomite. (C) Carbonates with 90% dolomite and 10% precursor micritic matrix. (D) and (E) Partial or selective dolomitization in allochemical limestone. ...urassic to Lower Cretaceous carbonates of southern Italy, it has increased matrix porosity up to 7 % (Rustichelli et al., 2017). Sometimes, selective dissolu

...shape, [[Core_description#Maturity|sorting]], and amount of intergranular matrix and cement.<ref name=pt05r124>Pettijohn, F. J., 1975, Sedimentary rocks, 3r | Grain, cement, matrix, and pore relationships can be established

...ervoir in general. The CBM gases are adsorbed in a layer within the coal’s matrix (seam) and contain water inside of the crack. So that, CBM well will pass t

...erogen (e.g., layered or disseminated); (3) whether the bitumen or mineral matrix is load bearing; (4) the properties of generated products (e.g., gas pressu

...ee-dimensional images, the morphology of mineral and nonmineral grains and matrix samples can be documented. Pore roughness and interconnectedness can be eva

..., and mostly impermeable and nonporous because of the high amount of muddy matrix. ...nated fan are the poorly sorted sediment with coarse grain sizes and muddy matrix. But the stream-flow- dominated fans are more sheetlike deposits of finer g

...dicular to the first. This value, reported as ''k''₉₀, reflects matrix permeability and is close to conventional core analysis permeability.<ref n

...he base of the channel. B. Highly contorted and disrupted bedding in sandy matrix in channel-fill deposits. C. Irregular bedding and burrowed structures in s

...entary Rocks: Austin, TX, Hemphill Publishers, 159 p.</ref> Detrital clay (matrix) content and the sorting and roundness of grains are all considered in the

...p rock that covers the hydrocarbons. In this case, it has the influence of matrix capillary control and control of the rupture of the hood rock<ref name=Scho

...etermination of water resistivity]]). This is because the dry soil or rock matrix is a virtual insulator at DC and near DC frequencies. The pore fluid is in

*Sweet spots controlled by fractures and matrix .... The Plainview consists of very fine- to fine-grained sandstones and clay matrix. Ripple stratification and burrowing is common. The upper contact with the

...categories of [[Grain size|size]], [[Core_description#Maturity|sorting]], matrix content, cement content, or pore type, depending on their relative importan ...guished. Semilog crossplots of porosity and permeability keyed to texture, matrix content, and diagenetic component content are very useful. Through examinat

...ex [[Pore system shapes|pore networks]] (such as combined [[fracture]] and matrix [[porosity]]) may also have a thick transition zone, with different fluid t

Heterogeneities at the wellbore scale affect matrix [[permeability]], distribution of [[Interpreting hydrocarbon shows#Residual

...not always important as the reservoir rocks, because the porosity size of matrix in carbonate is relatively small and have high [[capillary pressure]].

...omic number) of the sample. For example, the midgray represents [[silica]] matrix; the darker level represents organic matter. The brighter gray level reflec

...and examples of pore types in mudstone. (A) and (F): pores in the mineral matrix; (B–E) and (G): pores in the organic matter. These evolutionary changes i

...is suggestive of a hybrid system where porosity is derived primarily from matrix as opposed to organic porosity. BV = bulk volume; R2 = linear correlation c ...interbedded carbonate content (typically sim60%) that provides additional matrix storage capacity in intimately associated (juxtaposed) carbonates.

...reservoir to atmospheric conditions. Only minor changes occur to the rock matrix. However, the fluids undergo substantial changes in volume. Oil releases ga

...Fractures can create widespread connectivity in an otherwise heterogenous matrix rock || Can form thief zones with rapid water breakthrough ...n rates. Carbonates can have thick transition zones in reservoirs with low matrix permeability.<ref>Masalmeh, S. K., I. Abu Shiekah, and X. D. Jing, 2005, Im

...particularly effective way of producing fractured reservoirs with very low matrix permeabilities.<ref>Major, R. P., and M. H. Holtz, 1997, [http://archives.d

...irs with very low [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/369508/matrix matrix] [[Permeability|permeabilities]].<ref name=Majorandholtz_1997>Major, R. P.,

...pó Formation consists of diamictites of different colors, with silty-sandy matrix and varied nature of clasts. The Vila Maria Formation is comprised of fossi

...esults in a total of nine stress components that can be organized in a 3x3 matrix, called the stress tensor ([[:File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Tayyib-Figure4.png|F

...mixed assemblage of rock consisting of brecciated blocks in a highly shear matrix. Zone of accumulation on the overriding plate includes forearc, backarc, in

...rnett Shale]] oil is almost always from a tight mudstone with some related matrix porosity.<ref name=EOGResources2010>EOG Resources, 2010, [http://wwgeochem. ...y is also minimal with oil in nanopores associated with organic matter and matrix porosity.<ref name=EOGResources2010 /> Although biogenic silica yields are

...n presented two problems namely: (1) since arsenic is bound to the organic matrix, conventional reduction methods of removing arsenic was ineffective; (2) th ...ry can be molded in several ways. After cooling, it sets into a firm solid matrix that is very smooth. This material is used to hold broken anatomical struct

...([[:file:M31F7.jpg|Figure 6A]]). Normally the shell deb is is encased in a matrix of fine-grained organic clays containing abundant pyrite inclusions. As the

...ity log]]s measure the bulk density of a formation, a function of the rock matrix density emitted from the log and the density of the fluids in the pore spac

...e.g., micro-crystalline quartz located in the tests of organisms or in the matrix), or grain replacements. A fine-grained rock with 55% detrital quartz in th

...cterized by extremely hummocky, chaotically arranged blocks of clasts in a matrix of highly fractured, flowed sediments.

...allochthonous carbonates were debrites with coarse shelf clasts in a lime matrix and were easily identifiable in cuttings and imaging logs ([[:file:M125-Wes ...vidual shelf clast can be seen (white and black) floating in the shelf mud matrix. (B) Hanson’s<ref name=Hansn2010 /> isochore map of the Sheldon Carbonate

...anic content of key Marcellus Shale play intervals. G/C3 = matrix density ρmatrix (in grams per cubic centimeter); GAPI = gamma-ray API units; SEM = scanning