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| Lower [[Tertiary]] (centered on [[Eocene]], ~50-40 Ma) | [[Upper Cretaceous]] (centered on [[Turonian]], ~85-95 Ma)

...nd: #00CCFF" | [[Mesozoic]] || rowspan="2" style="background: #71BC78" | [[Cretaceous]] || style="background: #71BC78"| Upper | style="background: #71BC78" | Lower

...s in thickness from 150 to 250 ft and is a significant source rock for the Cretaceous reservoirs in the Powder River Basin.

The paleowind regimes show a monsoonal pattern during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, the main winds blew to the NE during the Southern Hemisphere winter and to

...nd facies architecture of eolian-fluvial strata of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Guará Formation, Southern Brazil: Sedimentology, v. 52, p. 1323-1341.</ref ...tu Formation (Lower Cretaceous), and underlying Sanga do Cabral Formation (Lower Triassic; [[:file:Guara_02.jpg|Figure 2]]).

...s (including remarkable [[Paleogene]] [[orbitoid]]s), the gigantic Upper [[Cretaceous]] [[rudistid]]s, the spectacular [[limestone]] Mogotes of Pinar del Rio, th ...[[plate]]s. As a consequence, Cuba exposes sequences of Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous nonvolcanic pelagic sediments that are rare, if not unique, in the Caribbea

...Piombino, 1994, Giant proximal foreland basin non-marine wedge trap: Lower Cretaceous Cutbank Sandstone, Montana, in J. C. Dolson, M. L. Hendricks, and W. A. Wes ...example of calibrating unconformity evidence from cores to logs. The Lower Cretaceous Cutbank Sandstone unconformably overlies the Jurassic Swift Formation. A ma

The Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS) continues to be a minor and largely undevelop ...ied that the maximum flooding surface occurs in the middle of the TMS; the lower portion of the TMS is associated with transgression and maximum flooding wh

...e basins, the product of rifting of Africa from South America in the Early Cretaceous, contain several source units representing depositional settings ranging fr ...sulfur, higher vanadium-nickel, less negative δ¹³C ratios, and lower wax contents (see Figure 8-49). Sterane concentrations are high, as are con

...re1MancosCommRept.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Type logs through the Cretaceous section of the San Juan Basin, showing the principle stratigraphic units. N ...[[:file:Figure1MancosCommRept.jpg|Figure 1]] shows a type log through the Cretaceous section of the San Juan Basin.

...rine environments. Marine diatoms range from [[Upper Jurassic]] or [[Lower Cretaceous]] to [[Holocene]] and are particularly useful for age and environmental det ...]; they commonly occur with diatoms. Silicoflagellates range in age from [[Cretaceous]] to [[Holocene]]. Although not as common as diatoms, they are useful time

...ractured fault zones (these major fractures oriented parallel to the Lower Cretaceous shelf edge and are linked to underlying tectonic structures), such as the l ...dated the assessment on undiscovered, recoverable oil and gas in the Upper Cretaceous system of the Gulf Coast, including the Austin Chalk and the coequal Tokio

...logic reports confirming this assumption. Nuclear detonations conducted in Cretaceous rocks in the San Juan and Piceance basins of New Mexico and Colorado were u ...n River basin-a developing giant gas supply from deep, overpressured Upper Cretaceous sandstones]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 65, p. 1078-1098.</ref> in the Great Divide

...Based on geochemical evidence, the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) to Lower Cretaceous source rock is the Mandal Formation. A positive oil-source rock correlation ...shows the vertical migration path from the active source rock through the Cretaceous rocks and horizontally along the basal Paleogene reservoir rocks until it [

* [[Cretaceous]] * [[Lower Cretaceous]]

...on of undiscovered conventional and continuous oil and gas resources—Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk, U.S. Gulf Coast: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigat ...t al., 2020, Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk and Tokio and Eutaw Formations, U.S. Gulf Coast, 2019: U.S. Ge

| Colville basin, Alaska || High || [[Cretaceous]] || Direct ? || Popov et al.<ref name=Popovetal_2001>Popov, M. A., V. F. N | Alberta basin, Canada || High || Cretaceous || Direct || Masters<ref name=Masters_1979>Masters, J. A., 1979, [http://ar

...olson, J. C., and D. S. Muller, 1994, Stratigraphic evolution of the Lower Cretaceous Dakota Group, Western Interior, USA, in M. V. Caputo, J. A. Peterson, and K The Lower Cretaceous Cutbank Sandstone is the largest valley-fill trap in the Rocky Mountains (1

...genesis, and the formation of abnormally pressured gas compartments in the Cretaceous of the Greater Green River basin: A geochemical model, ''in'' B. Strook and ...ata/specpubs/mem67/ch12/ch12.htm Anomalously pressured gas compartments in Cretaceous rocks of the Laramide basins of Wyoming: A new class of hydrocarbon accumul

...y found in these basins. Organic-rich shales are mainly distributed in the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu Sag, the Middle Permian Lucaogou Fo ...rmation, Lucaogou Formation, and Wutonggou Formation), Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary from the bottom to the top<ref name=Kng2012 />. T

...ory. It's characterized by a fissural volcanism that occurred in the Early Cretaceous before the Gondwana rift and opening of South Atlantic Ocean. About 90% of ...contents: The first group occurs dominantly in southern areas and has TiO2 lower than 2 wt.%, the second group has high TiO2 (>2%) and is dominant in the no

...the southeastern part of the Levantine Basin, the Mango well tested Lower Cretaceous sands (10,000 bo/d); these sands are likely charged from Jurassic source ro Although Jurassic and Cretaceous source rocks are very important for the Tethyan region, there are other reg

...ontained in coal beds and carbonaceous shale in several coal-bearing Upper Cretaceous intervals. The relative contribution of gas to basin-centered gas accumulat ...An assessment of gas resources in low-permeability sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group, Piceance basin, Colorado]: U.S. Geological Survey Open-Fil

...s of some typical western interior basins in non-marine Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous source rocks and the occurrence of oil and gas in the west central U.S.:Roc ...An assessment of gas resources in low-permeability sandstones of the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group, Piceance basin, Colorado]: U.S. Geological Survey Open-Fil

...rocks of the Upper Cretaceous above the Mishrif Formation and in the Lower Cretaceous below the Zubair Formation. Smaller reserves occur in other Neogene and Pal ...ldbelt. Lesser amounts of oil and gas are derived from: 1) Upper and Lower Cretaceous oil-prone source rocks within the Zagros foldbelt; 2) Triassic oil-prone so

...c development of the Texas margin: a new integrated cross-section from the Cretaceous shelf edge to the Perdido fold belt: Selected Papers, Gulf Coast Section SE ...[[crude oil]] in the upper Paleocene to lower Eocene Wilcox Formation. If lower Tertiary Wilcox equivalent or uppermost Jurassic mudstones are the source f

...Courtesy of the [http://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov NASA Web site]. The lower figure was modified from Cant.<ref name=Cant_1982>Cant, D. J., 1982, [http: ...of reservoirs originating in low and high sinuosity channel systems, Lower Cretaceous Travis Peak Formation, east Texas, U.S.A., in C. P. North and D. J. Prosser

...parasequences at relative highstand. Microporous dolomites comprising the lower portions of the parasequences have poor reservoir characteristics, despite ...from [[sequence stratigraphy]] alone. Within channel systems of the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group (Alberta, Canada), fluids distributions may be complex. Hig

...essment of in-place gas resources in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sandstone reservoirs, Wind River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological S

Apatite: Normally lower birefringence, has a higher relief and is uniaxial (-). ...ce similar to quartz, but barite has slightly higher relief and gypsum has lower relief; both gypsum and barite have strong cleavage.

...one (Lu et al., 2020). The commercial gas production is typically from the lower part of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation that is dominated by black siliceous muds After the maximum burial in the Jurassic-Cretaceous stage, the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale has experienced multiple tectonic uplifts,

...Concretion22.jpg|thumb|400px|A broken concretion with fossils inside; Late Cretaceous Pierre shale, near Ekalaka, Montana. Photograph taken by Mark A. Wilson (De ...nic-walled_microfossils)#Spores_and_pollen|pollen]] is no older than Early Cretaceous. Megafossils, large benthic foraminifers, and calcareous algae can be found

.... In this alternate scenario, some of the structures expressed at the Base Cretaceous unconformity (BCU) can be envisaged as being related to synrift [[fault]] g ...ssic]] [[prerift]] sequence of mudstones and evaporites overlain by a thin Lower [[Jurassic]] interval and a thicker interval of Middle Jurassic [[Pentland

...2000>Lüning, S., J. Craig, D. K. Loydell, P. Storch, and B. Fitches, 2000, Lower Silurian “hot shales” in North Africa and Arabia: Regional distribution ...tal2014 />). The reservoirs extend from the Middle [[Jurassic]] to Upper [[Cretaceous]] [[carbonate]]s (the major reservoir being the [[Arab Formation]]). Region

file:M115CH11FG02.jpg|{{figure number|2}}Thelma area: Base Cretaceous-depth structure map. ...resents final abandonment of the fan system and, in conjunction with Lower Cretaceous shales, provides the ultimate top seal and principal [[source rock]]. Middl

.... A 6.4-km, 32-m-deep valley network incised in the Muddy Formation (Lower Cretaceous) is difficult to see on the original data display. However, by compressing

...9.</ref> and Weaver<ref>Weaver, C., 1931, Paleontology of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of West Central Argentina: Memoir University of Washington 1, 469 p.</ref> File:2.png|{{figure number|2}}Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lithostratigraphy of the Neuquén Basin. Based on Spalletti & Veiga.<ref na

...s (including remarkable [[Paleogene]] [[orbitoids]]), the gigantic Upper [[Cretaceous]] [[rudistids]], the spectacular [[limestone]] Mogotes of Pinar del Rio, th ...Geomagnetic_reversals reversing polarity] to the southwest during the Late Cretaceous. Cuba's geology suggests that the subduction was continuously north dipping

...Ch07Fig1.jpg|Figure 1]], [[:file:M106Ch07Fig02.jpg|Figure 2]]) and the mid-Cretaceous sourced and reservoired Hamzeh oil field in central northern Jordan. ...north Oman: GeoArabia, v. 4, no. 2, p. 157–180.</ref> In Jordan, this mid-Cretaceous source rock level is thermally immature over large areas, except where deep

...lar manner, gas production from multiple sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Cretaceous Williams Fork Formation in the Piceance basin of western Colorado is commin ...ager log from a 1750 ft (533 m)-long horizontally drilled leg in the Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation.<ref name=Krystinikandlorenz_2000>Krystinik, L. F., and

...the Iranian waters, where oil, often heavy, and bitumen are found in Early Cretaceous and younger reservoirs. * The Early Cretaceous petroleum system: Source rocks deposited in the lower part of the Garau Formation during the Neocomian period extend in Lurestan

...tural tilting. For example, [[Prudhoe Bay field]], charged during the Late Cretaceous and tilted during the late Eocene<ref name=ch11r1>Atkinson, C., McGowen, J. ...initial accumulation is fixed relative to the rock. The solid area on the lower figure marks the accumulation at the top of the structure after movement.

...u, J. C. Ramon, and J. Underschultz, 1994, Flow of formation waters in the Cretaceous-Miocene succession of the Llanos Basin, Colombia: [http://http://archives.d ...t–northwest dipping [[monocline]]. Southward, the Macarena Range exposes [[Cretaceous]] sequence and separates the LBC of the [[Putumayo basin]], which is the so

...s are reservoired throughout the section but are concentrated in the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic.

...er, A., Peltier, W. R., 1990, An alternate astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene time scale based on Ocean Drilling Program Site 677: Transactio ...r and steep with respect to time (e.g., during the Permian, Jurassic, Late Cretaceous, and several intervals within the Late Eocene to [[Holocene]]), the stronti

...al hydrocarbon source rocks, Upper [[Jurassic]], Lower [[Cretaceous]], and lower [[Miocene]]. The sources are modeled as uniformly distributed [[marine]] [[ | Lower [[Oligocene]] (m) || 10 || 100 || 1

...tral Graben, with Upper Jurassic reservoirs sealed by Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous shales. A seismic line across both traps is shown in the following figure.

...chemical and volcaniclastic sediments, between the Neo-Ordovician and Late Cretaceous. Part of the accumulation time a was interspersed with depositional gaps t ..., Sequences and stratigraphic hierarchy of the Paraná Basin (Ordovician to Cretaceous), Southern Brazil: Boletim IG-USP, São Paulo Série Científica, 29 p. 125

...s are influenced by the degree of wave reworking up the shoreface profile. Lower figure from McCubbin.<ref name=McCubbin>McCubbin, D. G., 1992, [http://arch ...action and occasional storms act to deposit sand along the shoreface. The lower shoreface lies below fair-weather wave base but can be affected by storms;

...y a poorly known earlier [[rift]] of probable [[Jurassic]] and certainly [[Cretaceous]] age (Bladon et al., 2015<ref name=Bladonetal2015a />, 2015<ref name=Blado ...n et al., 2015b<ref name=Bladonetal2015b />). The [[Jurassic]] Lathi and [[Cretaceous]] Ghaggar-Hakra formations are sand-dominated, prerift reservoirs that are

...eralized stratigraphic column of rock units the Covenant field area. The Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone is the reservoir, while the overlying Middle Jura | colspan = 4 | Source rocks: [[Carboniferous]]; migration: Cretaceous to early Tertiary

...e on the two-way traveltime. By convention, darker gray tones are used for lower reflected amplitudes and higher two-way traveltimes. ...ion MicroScanner images showing dipping unconformity at contact (arrow) of Cretaceous clastic rocks with Mississippian carbonates.

...t Chalk member of the Carlile. It is variously composed of three facies: a lower bioturbated zone, a middle laminated sand zone containing many small shale ...tion is limited to biogenic gas. In all three areas, zones deeper than the Cretaceous produce thermogenic oils and gases, but migration upwards into the Niobrara

...ny of these are Tertiary in age, although large reservoirs of Jurassic and Cretaceous age have also been found, particularly in the North Sea. ...gh net-to-gross values and a blocky log response in the channel axis, with lower net-to-gross values and a serrated log response toward the margins ([[:File

In a world demanding more energy every decade, ideas involving lower costs and reduced environmental impacts are crucial to optimize hydrocarbon ...ntracratonic tectonic settings. Most are [[Mesozoic]]-aged ([[Jurassic]]-[[Cretaceous]]), although there are [[Paleozoic-]]age examples.<ref name=Fryklundandstar

...annel zone. The area of interest is the Glauconitic Formation of the lower Cretaceous upper Mannville Group, which is characterized by rapidly changing lithologi

...e Ivishak Formation is draped over the Barrow Arch, truncated by the Lower Cretaceous unconformity, and overlain by marine shales. Location is shown in Figure 1. ...Bay field lies along the crest of the Barrow Arch, an east-west-trending, Cretaceous anticline formed by the northward thrusting of the Brooks Range ([[:file:Mt

...rilling mud to keep formation fluids from entering the borehole. Pressures lower than normal are called ''subnormal''. ...erta, large thicknesses of Paleozoic carbonates have been thrust over soft Cretaceous shales, resulting in overpressuring of the lenticular oil-bearing sandstone

...Anka, R. di Primio, and A. Bernal, 2012a, Identification of a large Upper Cretaceous polygonal fault network in the Hammerfest basin: Implications on the reacti ...-order faults that offset [[reservoir]] rocks but do not extend to the top Cretaceous, the polygonal faults, and the [[Paleocene]] to [[Eocene]] faults that do n

...ation. The majority of production is made from Mesozoic reservoirs (mainly Cretaceous), and Paleozoic reservoirs have just started production. ...ce correlation is not certain yet. Three of them are dated as Middle, Late Cretaceous, and Paleozoic. These are described from older to younger units in the foll

...presents only a small proportion of the original biological input. An even lower percentage of this buried fraction is converted to petroleum (oil and gas), ...organic matter (H/C > 1 or HI > 300) has oil-generative potential, whereas lower hydrogen content usually denotes gas-generative potential.

...ng grainstone margin from the Albian of northern Mexico: Outcrop model for Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs], in G. M. Grammer, P. M. Harris, and G. P. Eberli, ed ...ted volumes may be areally limited with no contact to a large aquifer. The lower energy drive mechanisms such as solution gas drive are common. Heterogeneit

...ering (coarse crystalline dolomite), as reported by Vinci et al. (2017) in Cretaceous carbonates of Southern Apennines (southern Italy) (Fig. 10a). Nodular dolom ...ail|Figure 10a: Sedimentary features related to dolomites. (a) Layering in Cretaceous carbonates due to variations in crystal size of dolomites. Cdol for coarse

...in 1970 by Amoco Production Company with initial production from the Lower Cretaceous Muddy (J) Sandstone. Wattenberg straddles the Denver Basin synclinal axis a ...sin. The mineral belt is a northeast trending zone across Colorado of Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary mineralization. The mineralization is associated with hig

...oast Section SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 139–150.</ref> or the lower [[Tertiary]] or Upper [[Jurassic]] as suggested by Gross et al.<ref name=ch Hanor and Sassen<ref name=ch04r42 /> present data from Cretaceous and Tertiary strata in southern Louisiana for aqueous fluid flow from deep,

...nic matter to this quality. Examples include the marine Mowry Formation of Cretaceous age in Wyoming and prodelta muds from many deltaic and lacustrine deposits. ...ents can be deposited together (Vail et al., in press). One example is the lower Tert ary of Labrador.

...s, derived principally from the resin in terrestrial plants of the [[Upper Cretaceous]] and [[Cenozoic]], are often abundant in younger samples with terrestrial ...ilarities, it was concluded that these two oils were derived from the same lower Paleozoic source facies.

An example of the first type is the thin interval in the Lower Pliocene characterized by high abundances of the planktonic foraminiferal g ...ol, P. Van Even, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang, 1995, A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale, in W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, M.-P. Aubry, and J. Hardenbol, e

...ncy, in the MHz, can only give information near the borehole. Therefore, a lower frequency system is used due to its high wavelength, which ultimately resul In 2008, a pilot was done on the lower cretaceous heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in the United Arab Emirates. The pilot ta

...r oil contents, but only limited retention of oil as these rocks have much lower sorptive capacity. The presence of organic-lean facies or occurrence of an ...lose association with organic matter inhibits oil flow not only because of lower permeability in an organic-rich mudstone, but also because of adsorption to

...mass extinctions (e.g., [[Late Ordovician]], Permian-Triassic boundary, [[Cretaceous]]-Cenozoic boundary). Paleogeographic maps have been compiled from literatu ...f name=Torsvikandcocks_2009>Torsvik, T. H., and Cocks, L. R. M., 2009, The Lower Palaeozoic palaeogeographical evolution of the northeastern and eastern per

.../0221.htm Origin and distribution of fractures in Lower Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous rocks, Piceance basin, Colorado, and their relation to the occurrence of hy .../a066/a066/0001/0100/0111.htm Potential basin-centered gas accumulation in Cretaceous Trinidad Sandstone, Raton Basin, Colorado] in C. W. Spencer, and R. F. Mast

.... The photograph has been rotated such that north faces down the page. The lower diagram is a [[lithofacies map]] of the basal Ivishak Formation, [[Prudhoe ...although this area can also be swampy with marshes and lakes present. The lower delta plain is subjected to marine influence, acting to modify the fluvial-

...nments and reservoir characteristics of the Kuparuk River Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Kuparuk field, North Slope, Alaska, in A. J. Lomando, and P. M. Harris, e

...he emergence of another at the high boundary or the LO of one taxon in the lower boundary and the disappearance of another at the high boundary. C) Lineage ...rine clastics in the late Paleocene and deep marine carbonates in the Late Cretaceous.<ref name=Jonesetal_2005>Jones, R. W., Lowe, S., Milner, P., Heavey, P., Pa

...odels of (1) fluvial-dominated delta-lobe deposits exposed at the outcrop (Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member, Utah), and (2) a sparse subsurface data set from a ...mpact on fluid flow in a fluvial-dominated deltaic reservoir analog: Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member, Utah]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 95, no. 5, p. 693–727,

...istributary channel]]s. River-dominated systems periodically abandon their lower course and begin deposition in an adjacent area resulting in the deposition ...see also [[Deltaic environments]], [[Delta plain, upper]], [[Delta plain, lower]], and [[Delta plain, subaqueous]].

...ki, G. J., 1995, Organic-rich chalks and calcareous mudstones of the Upper Cretaceous Austin Chalk and Eagleford Formation, south-central Texas, U.S.A., in B. J. ...condensation of petroleum occurs to accommodate the fixed volume under the lower temperature and pressure conditions after uplift. As such, a two-phase petr

...pt consists in landing the horizontal wells in the proximal bottomsets and lower foresets of the clinoform, sectors with higher hydrocarbon potential and ea ...ackable) in the upper Unit 1 (aka Regresivo). The potential of the muddier lower Unit 1 (aka Cocina) was revealed by Shell in early 2013, in the Sierras Bla

...tracts, paleogeography, and sequence stratigraphy, Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian strata: North- and West-Central Texas: Bureau of Economic Geology R ...e West Texas Super Basin area and locations of basins and platforms during lower Permian. Also shown are important outcrop locations of Permian age strata,

.... Courtesy of the [http://www.earthasart.gsfc.nasa.gov NASA Web site]. The lower diagram shows the internal geometry of the present-day Mississippi meander ...85–107.</ref> described a vertical profile for a point bar deposit in the Cretaceous reservoir of the Little Creek field in Mississippi. An erosional base is ov

...nments and reservoir characteristics of the Kuparuk River Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Kuparuk field, North Slope, Alaska, in Lomando, A. J., Harris, P. M., eds

...ns in a silt- and clay-rich mudstone succession: An example from the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale of Utah, USA: Clay Minerals, v. 49, p. 245–259.</ref><ref na ...uence-stratigraphic interpretation of a mudstone-dominated succession: The Lower Jurassic Cleveland Ironstone Formation, U.K.: Geological Society of London

...ected into the Colorado Springs by fluoride-enriched fractured and faulted Cretaceous Pierre Shale that underlies the spring ([[:File:UNN_Medical_Geology_Fig_2.p ...h as zones of rifting and zones characterized by rise of fluoride from the lower [[crust]] or upper [[mantle]]. This explains why people living in the Afric