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• Sand peel
  [[File:SandPeel.JPG|thumbnail|300px|Portion of a wood mounted sand peel]] ...ethods_of_core_preservation|cores]] or outcrops of unconsolidated sands. Sand peels allow for the capture of details in sedimentary features for analysis
  2 KB (239 words) - 19:40, 9 September 2014

Page text matches

• Sand peel
  [[File:SandPeel.JPG|thumbnail|300px|Portion of a wood mounted sand peel]] ...ethods_of_core_preservation|cores]] or outcrops of unconsolidated sands. Sand peels allow for the capture of details in sedimentary features for analysis
  2 KB (239 words) - 19:40, 9 September 2014
• Migration pathway map construction
  ...lt trap regime|faults]] and those parts of faults that juxtapose sand with sand as well as those faults that [[Cross-sealing faults|cross-seal]] or [[Cross | Defines sand-sand and sand-shale juxtaposition and potential [[Cross-leaking faults#Juxtaposed litholo
  3 KB (405 words) - 18:19, 29 March 2022
• How fault zones affect seal
  ...between seal behavior and the inferred sand-shale ratio of the fault zone. Sand-rich portions of the fault zone leak; shale-rich portions of the fault zone ...ar gouge along a normal fault found in a sequence of Permian-Carboniferous sand and shales near Lynemouth, U.K..]]
  4 KB (509 words) - 16:52, 29 March 2022
• Cross-bedding
  ...dstone near Mt. Carmel road, Zion Canyon, Utah, indicating wind action and sand dune formation prior to formation of rock.]]
  563 bytes (70 words) - 20:12, 30 March 2015
• Fault plane profile construction
  ...juxtaposed across the fault. By doing so, they show areas of sand/sand and sand/shale juxtaposition, establish seal relationships, define potential fault-d ..._fig10-15.png|Figure 1]] is a simple example of a fault plane profile. The sand reservoirs in the hanging wall (dark gray) and footwall (light gray) are sh
  6 KB (834 words) - 14:51, 29 March 2022
• Gypsum
  ...at Great Salt Plains Lake, Oklahoma. The crystals form around grains of sand and clay to give the distinctive shape. Collected by Sara and Andrew Allen
  583 bytes (83 words) - 21:19, 9 December 2014
• Fault seal analysis example: Gulf Coast
  ...nging wall (R_u) are juxtaposed with water-wet sands of the 7100 sand in the footwall (R_d). .... Cross-seal (left) occurs where the 7100 sand is juxtaposed with the 7200 sand. This cross-sealing segment is characterized by low SGRs (blue). Cross-leak
  5 KB (769 words) - 18:12, 29 March 2022
• Sediment thickness and field location maps: Gulf of Mexico example
  Sedimentary-basin-analysis fig4-4.png|{{figure number|2}}Major sand influxes into the northern Gulf of Mexico from Late Cretaceous to Recent. A ==Map of major sand influxes==
  5 KB (753 words) - 19:58, 18 February 2022
• Bioturbation
  ...e or decrease porosity and permeability. For instance, burrows filled with sand grains in a mud or clay unit could be conduits for fluid flow if connected.
  907 bytes (132 words) - 21:42, 18 September 2014
• East Breaks deep-water exploration strategy
  # Delineate prospective areas by looking for lowstand sand-prone areas. Use trends of [[isochron]] thicks basinward of each deposition # Map seismic facies and structures of sand-prone intervals to locate prospects.
  6 KB (902 words) - 16:00, 24 March 2022
• Smear-gouge ratio
  Smear-gouge ratio is the ratio of sand to [[shale]] that has moved past some critical portion of the fault plane.<
  911 bytes (124 words) - 13:49, 18 March 2019
• Fault plane profile
  ...juxtaposed across the fault. By doing so, they show areas of sand/sand and sand/shale juxtaposition, establish seal relationships, define potential fault-d ..._fig10-15.png|Figure 1]] is a simple example of a fault plane profile. The sand reservoirs in the hanging wall (dark gray) and footwall (light gray) are sh
  9 KB (1,461 words) - 21:57, 28 March 2022
• Sandstone diagenesis: composition and texture
  ...neralogy and sediment maturity. Mechanical and chemical weathering affects sand grains during transportation. The final product reflects the origin, amount ...57, no. 2, p. 349–369.</ref> Size does affect permeability; the finer the sand, the lower the permeability. [[Permeability]] indirectly affects porosity t
  5 KB (729 words) - 20:48, 5 April 2022
• Israel petroleum systems
  | Quaternary || 27 || Hula || Hula || 1991 || Huyla Sand || Continental [[sandstone]], [[coal]] || Gas || Structural/stratigraphic | | Pliocene || 25 || Gaza Marine || Yafo || 2000 || Yafo Sand || [[Turbidite]] sandstone || Gas || Stratigraphic || Saqiye Group || Yafo
  10 KB (1,276 words) - 21:00, 19 July 2016
• Tar sands
  ...l of total bitumen and extra-heavy oil in place in the presently known tar-sand deposits. Following the definitions discussed above, the [https://en.wikipe The only other major tar-sand deposits may be located in the former Soviet Union, but they are poorly und
  7 KB (1,012 words) - 13:40, 18 March 2019
• Subregional and local pressure compartments
  ...at may form local pressure compartments are fault blocks, sand lenses, and sand wedges developed in [[growth fault]]s.
  3 KB (440 words) - 17:58, 17 February 2022
• Cross-leaking fault
  ...</sub> of the R_d sand is greater than that of the R_u sand. The fault is cross leaking despite different OWCs. ...sand/sand juxtaposition along the fault. Hydrocarbons leak across the sand/sand juxtapositions.
  8 KB (1,155 words) - 21:31, 24 March 2022
• Rock physics analysis for reservoir identification
  ...and A and Sand B have different properties due to the presence of clays in Sand B. ...ock physics properties between clean sandstone (Sand A), clayey sandstone (Sand B), and claystone.]]
  15 KB (2,356 words) - 18:00, 26 April 2022
• Seal capacity of different rock types
  ...e some true shales as well as siltstones, silty mudstones, and interbedded sand/shale cores. ==Sand seals==
  5 KB (760 words) - 20:55, 31 March 2022
• Reservoir simulations and field unitization
  ...e seal behavior, [[transmissibility]], [[permeability]], nor areas of sand/sand juxtaposition are constant over the entire fault surface.
  3 KB (479 words) - 15:21, 30 March 2022
• Systems tracts and trap types
  ...graphic, but postdepositional [[deformation]] that places the gravity-flow sand deposit in a structurally high position enhances the potential for focused ...essive systems tract overlie the lowstand systems tract–prograding complex sand-prone facies, providing excellent top seal to the underlying sandy reservoi
  9 KB (1,239 words) - 16:58, 24 February 2022
• Facies map
  ...oured parallel to the depositional dip of the slope valleys down which the sand was transported. ==Net sand map==
  15 KB (2,070 words) - 20:34, 7 July 2016
• Sandstone provenance and characterization
  ...to transport them and to make them deposited. That’s why we can found the sand deposit or sandstone almost in everywhere. ...sandstone. Knowing the composition, may help us to understand where is the sand sediment come from and what is the source rocks of deposit, so we can inter
  10 KB (1,524 words) - 15:29, 14 March 2016
• Migration by solution in water
  ==Diffusion in shale vs. Sand==
  6 KB (915 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
• Superimposed sea level cycles
  ...of siliciclastic deposition are likely to transport significant volumes of sand into the basin, depositing potential reservoir facies. Transgressive phases ...d of three phases (Figure 4-18). The lowstand phase may consist of basinal sand-prone mounds (basin-floor fans) and shelf-edge deltas. The transgressive ph
  11 KB (1,469 words) - 15:06, 5 January 2024
• Quantitative fault seal analysis
  ...ationship between the observed sealing behavior of faults and the inferred sand–shale content of the fault zone.<ref name=ch10r7>Bouvier, J., D., Kaars-S ...io is high in the zone (high SGR). A fault cross-seals or dip-seals if the sand–shale ratio is low in the zone (low SGR).
  9 KB (1,327 words) - 16:32, 29 March 2022
• Sandstone porosity and permeability prediction
  ...s of major sandstone depositional environments, especially with respect to sand body geometries.</ref> cover the impact of depositional environment on poro
  2 KB (300 words) - 20:29, 5 April 2022
• How faults control trap fill and migration pathways
  ...the flank of the structure against [[cross-sealing faults]] that have sand/sand juxtapositions. Wells in three fault compartments (211/18-5, 10, and 16) in
  5 KB (785 words) - 17:04, 29 March 2022
• Amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis
  file:amplitude-versus-offset-avo-analysis_fig2.png|{{figure number|2}}Brine sand model. file:amplitude-versus-offset-avo-analysis_fig3.png|{{figure number|3}}Gas sand model.
  12 KB (1,723 words) - 18:41, 20 January 2022
• Perforation design
  [[file:UreigaAlmandiFigure12.jpg|thumb|200px|{{figure number|12}}Sand control completion flow chart.]] ==Summary Sand Completion Flow Chart==
  12 KB (1,786 words) - 21:02, 21 April 2022
• Relating traps to paleogeography
  ...4-41.png|Figure 2]]). The anticlines continue to grow, and the tilt of the sand body becomes progressively more accentuated as each successive cycle of [[S ...s_fig4-40.png|Figure 1]], producing fields are along the 200-ft (60-m) net sand [[contour]] or beyond rather than in the axial thick. This is because of gr
  11 KB (1,482 words) - 15:47, 21 March 2022
• Migration pathway
  * Petroleum is deflected laterally through sand-rich sections by overlying shale-rich sections. A map of the structure at the top of the main sand-rich section is required to make a petroleum migration map. Generally, a ma
  6 KB (889 words) - 16:50, 29 March 2022
• Scientific method: application to exploration
  * A simple gross sand [[Subsurface maps#Isopach|isopach]] map that is essentially unaltered by re ...Seismic interpretation|seismic–stratigraphic interpretation]] of a similar sand unit. Although prepared with an impressive degree of advanced technical com
  6 KB (808 words) - 15:30, 18 February 2022
• Sandstone
  [[File:Sandstone_Fig-1.png|thumb|300px|Fig 1. Udden-Wentworth Grain Scale (Sand scale) (Derived from Nichols)<ref name=Nichols>Nichols, G., 2009, Sedimento ...in size]] has a wide range of scale, from very coarse sand until very find sand. For the grain size measurement, its use a formula proposed by Krumbein in
  10 KB (1,508 words) - 15:44, 22 March 2019
• Forward modeling of seismic data
  ...with observed seismic sections, provides a means of accurately determining sand thickness where well data are sparse or absent.
  10 KB (1,513 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
• Example: mapping depocenters through time
  file:sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-4.png|{{figure number|1}}Major sand influxes into the northern Gulf of Mexico from Late Cretaceous to recently. ...m from approximately 6 Ma to 4 Ma (interval A). Deposition consists of net sand isopach thicks on the shelf and intraslope basins that are interpreted to b
  11 KB (1,496 words) - 18:17, 22 February 2022
• San Juan basin
  ...]] contains deposits of [[natural gas]], [[oil]], [[coal]], [[uranium]], [[sand]], [[gravel]], [[limestone]], [[humate]], [[gypsum]], road metal, building
  3 KB (411 words) - 15:01, 11 January 2016
• Cross-sealing fault
  ...g10-6.png|Figure 1]]. Both oil and gas are prevented from flowing into the sand in the hanging wall (R_d) by the cross-sealing fault.
  3 KB (399 words) - 21:31, 24 March 2022
• Pressure prediction: reconstructing burial history
  In the case of a sand body carried deeper by a [[growth fault]], first plot the [[Normal hydrosta
  3 KB (408 words) - 17:56, 17 February 2022
• Limitations of quantitative fault seal analysis
  ...l faults in [[compression]], “[[shale-outs]],” and the lack of [[lateral]] sand continuity in [[fluvial]] sequences can affect seal behavior.
  3 KB (398 words) - 17:35, 29 March 2022
• Yowlumne field
  ...X-Z and Y-Z showing basinward-stepping geometries exhibited by lobe-shaped sand bodies that make up the Yowlumne Sandstone. Note 660 m (2100 ft) of structu ...schultz_1992>Marino, A. W., and S. M. Schultz, 1992, Case study of Stevens sand horizontal well: Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 24910, p. 549-563.</re
  13 KB (1,896 words) - 19:02, 11 March 2019
• Identifying sea level cycle phase with biostratigraphy
  ...ew may reflect very shallow water depths due to downslope transport of the sand by [[gravity]]-flow processes. Data from shelf environments have a differen ...the shelf, depositing it directly on the upper slope. Remobilized sand and sand supplied directly from rivers during floods may be transported downslope by
  11 KB (1,548 words) - 16:58, 24 February 2022
• East Breaks reservoir rock
  ...tions. All four reservoir intervals are interpreted to be [[gravity]]-flow sand deposits.<ref name=ch04r7>Armentrout, J. M., 1991, Paleontological constrai ...pontaneous potential with true vertical depth displays. The GA-4 reservoir sand is below the displayed interval. Log profiles are annotated: arrow C = funn
  13 KB (1,771 words) - 17:24, 5 December 2023
• Siliciclastic shorelines and barrier island reservoirs
  ...M91FG191.JPG|Figure 1]]). Wave action and occasional storms act to deposit sand along the shoreface. The lower shoreface lies below fair-weather wave base M91Ch11FG73.JPG|{{figure number|2}}[[Lithofacies map]] for the upper Piper Sand interval of the Scott field, UK North Sea (from Guscott et al.<ref name=Gus
  18 KB (2,607 words) - 15:33, 15 January 2024
• Deep-water marine reservoirs
  ...eting and finding a large number of hydrocarbon pools in deep-water marine-sand systems. Only about 20% of these reservoirs had been developed to 2004.<ref ...eep-water sandstones may be ponded and stacked vertically into very thick, sand-rich intervals (Table 1). These reservoirs are very profitable as they can
  20 KB (2,850 words) - 15:33, 15 January 2024
• Fluvial input through time: Gulf of Mexico example
  sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-4.png|{{figure number|1}}Major sand influxes into the northern Gulf of Mexico from Late Cretaceous to Holocene.
  3 KB (406 words) - 17:03, 22 February 2022
• Delta plain, lower
  ...r and are separated by broad evaporative sequences. From the standpoint of sand-body formation, the major environmental sequence consists of bay-fill depos ...sequence. E. [[Core_description#Maturity|Well-sorted]] and cross-laminated sand layers alternating with silts and silty clays associated with the lower par
  27 KB (4,229 words) - 16:41, 6 April 2016
• Agglutinated microfossils
  ...r tests. The sedimentary particles used by these forms may include silt or sand grains, [[glauconite]], [[sponge spicule]]s, or even other foraminiferal te
  4 KB (468 words) - 15:16, 31 January 2022
• Natural gas occurrence
  ...is being investigated in other parts of the world. Natural gas from tight-sand reservoirs is also becoming a substantial part of the total natural gas pro
  4 KB (556 words) - 22:10, 7 January 2015
• Depositional environments
  ...nstruction in [[cross section]]. These deposits consist of abundant gravel-sand detritus on mostly fairly steep depositional slope. They are poorly sorted ...racteristic morphology, called oxbow lake. In braided river, deposition of sand and gravel grain sizes happens around the channel.
  26 KB (3,851 words) - 20:38, 28 February 2019
• East Breaks hydrocarbon accumulation model
  ...o-west reflection amplitude termination is stratigraphically controlled by sand distribution. This petroleum-associated reflection amplitude pattern is in ...ell developed in this well. The depositional model for a delta-front sheet sand extending over the entire postdepositional anticline is likely to have four
  8 KB (1,015 words) - 16:59, 23 March 2022
• Botucatu Formation
  ...and coarse-grained sandstones, representing ephemeral streams and aeolian sand sheet deposits. It consists mainly of fine to medium-grained quartz sandsto
  3 KB (432 words) - 17:54, 22 March 2019
• Fracking
  ...horizontal well]] at some point. The next stage is the injection of water, sand and chemicals (fracking fluid) high pressure into the well. Injection, foll
  3 KB (484 words) - 21:18, 27 March 2019
• Paleogeography and prospect identification
  ...servoir, from higher to lower pressure regimes. Such avenues might include sand-prone pathways, faults, salt walls, and [[Unconformity|unconformities]].
  4 KB (491 words) - 14:27, 21 March 2022
• Eolian reservoirs
  Eolian sediments comprise desert sediments and coastal sand dunes, much of which are wind deposited. They can form thick and laterally ...s ([[:file:M91FG170.JPG|Figure 1]]). Dunes form where large volumes of dry sand are blown across the landscape. Lying between the dunes are the interdune a
  19 KB (2,690 words) - 18:42, 1 August 2016
• Sandstone sedimentology and stratigraphy
  ...while transporting and depositing the coarser (sand-sized) particles. Like sand, sandstone may be any color, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yel ...while transporting and depositing the coarser (sand-sized) particles. Like sand, sandstone may be any color, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yel
  27 KB (3,802 words) - 19:32, 9 January 2024
• Quick-look lithology from logs
  ...|300px|{{figure number|1}}Characteristic log shapes for different types of sand bodies set in shale, (a) Funnel shape, coarsening upward. Note that this is The shape of a gamma ray (or SP) log through a sand body is often thought of as a [[grain size]] profile. Three basic log shape
  25 KB (3,637 words) - 19:39, 18 January 2022
• Fault control on hydrocarbon distribution
  ...seal is created by shale-prone gouge with low shale gouge ratios (SGR) or sand and shale juxtaposition.
  4 KB (515 words) - 21:31, 29 March 2022
• Taphonomy and provenance
  * Generating [[paleocurrent]] models for sand transport
  3 KB (449 words) - 18:12, 31 January 2022
• Niobrara & Codell of the Denver-Julesburg Basin
  ...sly composed of three facies: a lower bioturbated zone, a middle laminated sand zone containing many small shale drapes and cross beds, and an upper biotur ...mile and then two-mile laterals and evolving completion fluid volumes and sand loads (Ladd, 2001; Birmingham et al, 2006; Milne and Cumella, 2014). DJ Bas
  9 KB (1,412 words) - 21:46, 3 March 2022
• Well log analysis for reservoir characterization
  ...haly or shale, when the low gamma ray reading indicates a clean formation (sand, carbonate, [[evaporite]], etc.), lithology interpretation is very importan | Average Sand || 1.45 || 1.54
  25 KB (3,679 words) - 21:17, 13 March 2019
• Water resistivity determination
  ...ater-resistivity_fig1.png|Figure 1]]. These are arbitrary limits, with the sand lines normally representing the maximum deflection to the left and shale li ...e line to the maximum deflection developed in a thick, clean, waterbearing sand is referred to as the ''static SP'', or SSP.
  13 KB (2,077 words) - 17:26, 18 January 2022
• Utica Shale, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Kentucky
  ...as the largest effect on the estimated ultimate recovery and the amount of sand used as a fracture proppant in Pennsylvania and West Virginia a numerically
  3 KB (542 words) - 22:36, 4 March 2022
• Deltaic environments
  ...between the lush vegetation of the Nile delta and river course and the dry sand of the Sahara can be seen spectacularly in this enhanced true colour Medium ...rocesses resulting in complex redistribution of the deltaic sediment. Thus sand bodies within deltas display a variety of geometries and vertical-sequence
  9 KB (1,310 words) - 19:47, 12 January 2016
• Braided fluvial reservoirs
  Sandy braided river systems show an intricate geometry of small bars, sand flats, and vegetated islands ([[:file:M91FG181.JPG|Figure 1]]). The river f ...ver sediments from the Morrison Formation of Utah. Individual single-story sand bodies have a mean width of 271 m (889 ft) and a mean thickness of 5 m (16
  13 KB (1,859 words) - 21:29, 12 March 2019
• Carbonate diagenesis
  ...ent from which [[gypsum]] and [[halite]] are deposited. [[Sand dune|Eolian sand dunes]] composed of siliciclastic or carbonate grains may form on the supra ...o shoreline. Shorelines that face heavy wave action accumulate [[carbonate sand]] or gravel. [[Tidal current]]s are concentrated in channels between island
  23 KB (3,026 words) - 20:48, 19 January 2022
• Thelma field
  ...arly [[Volgian]] Brae member and the “latest” early to middle–late Volgian sand–shale member ([[:file:M115CH11FG05.jpg|Figure 5]]). Both members represen ...r geological time. A thin shale, only 10–15 ft (3–4.6 m) hick, divides the sand-shale member but still seals over geological time. This shale may correspon
  17 KB (2,614 words) - 19:14, 17 January 2022
• Dipmeter
  ...minated shaly sands can be best accomplished by a sensitive delineation of sand and shale layers. Rather than running a tool designed exclusively for this ...volume fraction of shale in laminated form for input into laminated shaly sand saturation equations.
  14 KB (2,128 words) - 17:25, 18 January 2022
• EMD Bitumen/Heavy Oil Committee
  ...ly, the United States is producing commercial quantities of heavy oil from sand deposits in two principal areas, the San Joaquin Basin of central Californi
  4 KB (538 words) - 20:27, 20 September 2022
• Delta plain, upper
  ...cycle of a braided channel. C. Ripple drift bedding separated by parallel sand laminations.<ref name=Colemanandprior_1981>Coleman, J. M., and D. B. Prior, ...ng-upward cycles (which are commonly truncated) occur within the resulting sand body. Each fining-upward cycle (owing to deposition of a laterally migratin
  33 KB (4,905 words) - 16:40, 6 April 2016
• Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems
  ...tings analysis|well cuttings]], [[Thin section analysis|thin sections]], [[sand peel]]s | Pressure (sand body connectedness)
  38 KB (5,198 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
• Molyneux:sandbox
  * [[Sand]]
  5 KB (543 words) - 23:45, 8 January 2015
• Meandering fluvial reservoirs
  ...lt in plan and [[cross section]] is of a complex labyrinth of interlocking sand bodies on the scale of hundreds of meters, embedded within varying volumes ...ion of sediment on the inside of meander bends, and they occur as discrete sand bodies with a lenticular or half-moon shape in plan view. A multitude of po
  32 KB (4,727 words) - 21:03, 15 January 2024
• Recognizing stacked depositional sequences from well data
  ...of sediment type, with curve deflections to the left suggesting increased sand content while high values to the right indicate increases in clay content. ...t the top of forestepping parasequence sets. The southern wells (left) are sand-poor shale deposited in deep water (bathyal biofacies); sequence boundaries
  14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:16, 9 January 2024
• Kingfisher field
  ...R. F. King, and T. P. Moulds, 1999, Capturing reservoir heterogeneity in a sand-rich submarine fan, Miller field: Geological Society (London) Petroleum Geo ...rine mass flow [[sandstone]] deposited by turbidity currents. This Heather sand represents a secondary reservoir interval within the Kingfisher field and w
  16 KB (2,358 words) - 16:28, 11 January 2024
• Fault seal analysis for reservoir development
  * Cataclastic, where sandstone is crushed so that the grains of sand material enter the fault plane with high capillary pressure. ...low permeability and reservoir. The middle illustration shows that sand to sand juxtaposition which can occur due to the nature of relatively similar perme
  14 KB (2,146 words) - 19:35, 13 September 2022
• Stimulation
  ...ld the fracture open. Common proppant materials include sand, resin-coated sand, and ceramic beads. ...40 mesh Ottawa sand is used during the treatment, the permeability of this sand will be about 100 D (darcys). Suppose that the width of the propped fractur
  24 KB (3,633 words) - 13:55, 24 January 2022
• Deltaic reservoirs
  Deltas are major sites of sand and mud deposition. They contain significant volumes of hydrocarbons worldw | [[Distributary channel]]s form narrow sand bodies || - || May be missed by wells in fields with a large well spacing;
  34 KB (4,776 words) - 18:18, 5 January 2024
• East Breaks hydrocarbon migration model
  ...able sandstone, it could move laterally up-structure within the continuous sand beds until it accumulated within structural closure. The driving force behi ...n of some of the petroleum from the sediment/salt interface laterally into sand-rich carrier beds (2). Pathway 3 consists of a fault intersection of either
  10 KB (1,376 words) - 16:00, 23 March 2022
• Stratigraphic trap seals
  A trap would not form if the valley fill were composed of porous sand or if the bottom-sealing dolostone were absent (from unpublished data by Ra
  5 KB (632 words) - 20:26, 3 February 2022
• Midale porosity, pore geometries, and petrophysics
  ...alyses, the particles are larger than 50μ (equivalent to very fine-grained sand). [[Capillary pressure]] data and petrographic analyses indicate the vugs a
  5 KB (659 words) - 16:54, 12 April 2022
• Haynesville and Bossier Shales (Upper Jurassic), East Texas and Northwest Louisiana
  ...sville lime Louark sequence in the north and west. Several rivers supplied sand and mud from the northwest, north, and northeast into the basin. Haynesvill
  4 KB (628 words) - 23:05, 3 March 2022
• White paper: Hydraulic fracturing
  ...of hydrocarbon molecules trapped in the tiny spaces between the grains of sand or tiny clay particles that comprise the rock. By creating artificial crack ...ephens County, Oklahoma, in 1968, when water with half a million pounds of sand (as a proppant to keep the artificial cracks open) was injected into the ro
  27 KB (4,076 words) - 16:33, 19 July 2016
• Reservoir
  ...e accumulation of sand deposition. The sediment resulting from wind-blown sand. The clastic texture of the environment is granules (2–4 mm) and coarse ( ! Name !! Morphology !! No. of Slipfaces !! Wind Direction !! Sand Supply (relative) !! Relative Size
  14 KB (2,134 words) - 16:48, 26 March 2019
• Pressure prediction: analysis of well-log and seismic data
  ...be reasonably thick to allow valid responses of the other logs and free of sand or lime stringers. (See points a–e, [[:file:formation-fluid-pressure-and-
  5 KB (733 words) - 17:57, 17 February 2022
• Migration rate
  ...ing step that controls the overall rate of the process. In a sequence of [[sand]]s and [[shale]]s, the rate limiter is the least permeable shale and the ex
  6 KB (877 words) - 19:33, 14 February 2022
• Depocenter
  # Map deltaic/shelf depocenters by mapping net sand distribution from well data.
  6 KB (811 words) - 16:50, 22 February 2022
• Standard interpretation
  ...nsated density-neutron log with a gamma ray. The well is an unconsolidated sand and shale sequence from the Gulf Coast area. Interval D is apparently wet b ...sity and 17% water saturation. Zone C was found to be a residual light oil sand with 27% porosity and 72% water saturation.
  25 KB (3,776 words) - 19:53, 18 January 2022
• Lithofacies maps
  ...iation of Sedimentologists Special Publication 15, p. 181–188.</ref> For a sand body to be picked out seismically, this means in practice that it should be ...distinct amplitude display images from seismic data could be derived from sand-prone lithofacies associations surrounded by muddy lithofacies.<ref name=Ze
  21 KB (3,139 words) - 16:54, 6 April 2016
• Overview of routine core analysis
  ...burn, F. R., and C. A. Cheatham, 1988, Improved core recovery in laminated sand shale sequences: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 40, p. 1544–1546., 1 ...to decrease as the actual value decreases. Whole core samples may require sand blasting prior to permeability measurement to deal with the surficial build
  14 KB (2,121 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
• Core orientation
  ...-well experiment site, Rifle, Colorado: Sandia National Laboratories Paper SAND 84-0380, Society of Petroleum Engineers Paper No. 13226, 15 p.</ref><ref na
  13 KB (1,964 words) - 20:50, 19 January 2022
• Delta plain, subaqueous
  ...bar. Directly at the mouths of the active distributaries lie the coarsest sand deposits. These deposits are commonly referred to as the distributary-mouth ...ntinued delta progradation and is responsible for forming one of the major sand bodies associated with deltaic sequences--the distributary-mouth-bar deposi
  60 KB (9,022 words) - 17:17, 21 March 2016
• Gravity applications: examples
  ...seen at the surface because they are covered by a thin veneer of alluvium, sand, and river deposits. However, the subbasins, because they are lower density
  6 KB (915 words) - 15:10, 31 January 2022
• Permeability
  ...re 1]]. In this experiment, water was allowed to flow downward through the sand pack contained in an iron cylinder. Manometers located at the input and out * ''K'' = constant of proportionality that is characteristic of the sand pack
  19 KB (2,716 words) - 19:02, 20 January 2022
• Seismic inversion
  ...two producers, whereas the low velocity zone on the dry hole comes from a sand that is porous but not prospective. [[:file:seismic-inversion_fig6.png|Figu
  8 KB (1,196 words) - 18:48, 21 January 2022
• Dip-leaking fault
  ...ther. This asymmetric dip leakage is caused primarily by variations in the sand-shale ratio of the fault gouge. Other possible controls in some basins incl
  8 KB (1,130 words) - 17:14, 28 March 2022
• Drill stem testing
  ...re across the sand face in unconsolidated formations, which will result in sand flow | Sand thickness
  26 KB (4,009 words) - 15:09, 24 January 2022
• Geological heterogeneities
  ...|thumb|300px|{{figure number|5}}Architectural elements of a barrier island sand body. (From Galloway & Chang<ref name=pt06r35>Galloway, W. E., and E. S. S. ...and M. B. Lagoe, 1993, Scales of geological heterogeneity of a deep-water sand giant oil field, Long Beach unit, Wilmington field, California, in E. G. Rh
  17 KB (2,232 words) - 21:22, 19 January 2022
• Vertical and lateral seismic resolution and attenuation
  ...d-attenuation_fig3.png|Figure 3]]). This might represent the pinchout of a sand body embedded in shale or any other combination of lithologics. When the we
  8 KB (1,164 words) - 20:24, 21 January 2022
• Thin section analysis
  ...49.htm Influence of texture on porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 57, p. 349–369.</ref> Sorting also influences [[reser ...nary.reference.com/browse/detrital Detrital] matrix can be introduced into sand during or immediately following sedimentation by depositional processes, in
  24 KB (3,264 words) - 15:09, 24 January 2022
• Sandstone permeability prediction from texture
  ...nts|depositional environment]]. For example, if a reservoir is a [[beach]] sand, it should be fine to medium grained and well sorted with well-rounded [[qu
  9 KB (1,118 words) - 17:03, 6 April 2022
• Surface production equipment
  * Easily cleaned of sand and mud
  9 KB (1,343 words) - 18:42, 20 January 2022
• Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio
  [[Smear-gouge ratio]] is the ratio of sand to shale that has moved past some critical portion of the fault plane.<ref>
  8 KB (1,307 words) - 16:05, 14 December 2016
• Arecuna field
  ...north part of the field study ([[:File:Methods14ch08f11.jpg|Figure 11]]). Sand-body geometry in the axial trend is low sinuosity, and the bedding architec The external sand-body distribution and internal bedding architecture of the Oficina Unit B r
  16 KB (2,381 words) - 19:03, 11 March 2019
• Subduction zone
  ...“compression” from bulldozer, forming sand wedge as the bulldozer moving. Sand wedge will increase in dip until it reaches its angle of repose.
  27 KB (4,033 words) - 20:52, 27 March 2019
• Near-surface destruction
  ...book 64, p. 59–71.</ref> with stratigraphic trapping due to tarsealing and sand pinch-outs on the homoclinally dipping east side of the field.<ref name=ch1
  8 KB (1,193 words) - 18:51, 1 February 2022
• Amplitude variations with offset (AVO)
  |+Table 1. Behavior of the Various Gas Sand Classes
  9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:39, 27 March 2019
• Log analysis: lithology
  ...n of the density-neutron crossplot. Matrix response points are defined for sand and silt, water, and dry clay minerals. A wet clay point is defined on the ...www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPWLA-1985-vXXVIn1a2 The evolution of shaly-sand concepts in reservoir evaluation]: The Log Analyst.</ref> or Patchett and H
  25 KB (3,189 words) - 17:24, 18 January 2022
• Reservoir fluids
  ...in flow pathways. In an oil-wet sandstone, the oil forms a film around the sand grains and water will move through the center of the pores, particularly th ...s a downwarped thin reservoir with the downward flow of water blocked by a sand pinch-out or a sealing fault. Local synclinal areas flanked by sealing faul
  22 KB (3,508 words) - 20:34, 3 March 2016
• Full waveform acoustic logging
  ...asured permeability values for both the [[limestone]]-[[dolomite]] and the sand-shale examples. (After Burns et al.<ref name=pt07r3 />)]]
  10 KB (1,530 words) - 20:47, 19 January 2022
• Seismic interpretation
  * Fault plane maps with cross-fault sand juxtaposition for seal analysis
  10 KB (1,520 words) - 18:48, 21 January 2022
• In-situ stress characterization and applications
  ...rts in the direction of minimum horizontal stress. This helps postpone any sand-related issues for some time.
  28 KB (4,031 words) - 15:49, 28 November 2022
• Borehole gravity applications: examples
  ...t encountered more pay sands than the well on right. Also note that the M6 sand is missing in the well on the left. The between-well structural and stratig
  11 KB (1,596 words) - 18:08, 24 January 2022
• Carbonate reservoir
  .... G. Bebout, and P. M. Harris, 1996, Facies heterogeneity in a modern ooid sand shoal—An analog for hydrocarbon reservoirs: Bureau of Economic Geology, G ..., stromatilites). The regressive hemicycle comprises high-energy carbonate sand-shoal facies ([[:File:M91FG197.JPG|Figure 3]]).
  38 KB (5,571 words) - 15:31, 16 January 2024
• Utilization of the industrial revolution 4.0 in oil and gas exploration
  ...18.09.011</ref> utilized ML to delineate and predict permeability of tight-sand (unconventional) reservoirs in China, their study has demonstrated its usef
  21 KB (3,096 words) - 20:59, 21 April 2022
• Borehole gravity
  ...tical relief would have a definitive signature a few miles away. A channel sand [[length::20 ft]] thick would be detectable no more than [[length::40 ft]]
  10 KB (1,517 words) - 15:54, 20 January 2022
• EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee 2020-21 Annual Report
  • Tight Gas Sand/Limestone Reservoir section was added to the website details after Shale Oi
  9 KB (1,311 words) - 20:32, 20 September 2022
• Porosity
  ...50/0162.htm Permeability-porosity patterns and variations in some Holocene sand bodies]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 57, n. 1, p. 162–189.</ref> indicate that poro
  24 KB (3,450 words) - 19:09, 20 January 2022
• Barmer basin
  ...he main fields where they host significant [[hydrocarbon]] reserves. These sand-dominated sequences, together with the [[synrift]] [[Fatehgarh Formation]],
  24 KB (3,528 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
• Conventional coring
  ...osure catchers, run primarily to ensure success when coring unconsolidated sand, also incorporate split ring or slip type catchers to improve core recovery
  13 KB (1,885 words) - 20:49, 19 January 2022
• Wattenberg field
  ...its,<ref name=Weimer1996 /> the Codell Sandstone as a shallow marine shelf sand<ref name=Weimer1996 /><ref name=Sonnenberg2014 />, the Niobrara as deeper w *Price recovery and tight gas sand credits late 1980s
  72 KB (10,249 words) - 20:06, 15 January 2024
• Core-to-log transformations and porosity-permeability relationships
  ...Garner<ref name=pt05r65>Garner, B. L., 1985, Case history of Cotton Valley Sand log interpretation for a North Louisiana field: Journal of Petroleum Techno
  14 KB (1,893 words) - 20:15, 2 February 2016
• Paraná Basin
  ...s Garças Formation, with a maximum thickness of 300 meters, is essentially sand dominated and may include a basal quartzes [[conglomerate]], passing to con ...ms tracts deposits of a semi-arid environment formed by [[alluvial]] fans. Sand sheet deposits were crossed by ephemeral fluvial systems which supplied the
  22 KB (3,382 words) - 19:52, 4 January 2024
• Mudstone nomenclature
  ...869–878.</ref><ref name=Shprd>Shepard, F. P., 1954, Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios: Journal Sedimentary Petrology, v. 24, p. 151–158.</ref> </ref><ref name=Pttijn>Pettijohn, F. E., P. E. Potter, and R. Siever, 1973, Sand and sandstones: New York, Springer-Verlag, 618 p.</ref><ref name=Bltt1980>B
  58 KB (8,391 words) - 19:46, 20 February 2024
• Core description
  ...er.<ref name=pt05r125>Pettijohn, F. J., P. E. Porter, and R. Siever, 1987, Sand and Sandstone, 2nd. ed.: New York, Springer-Verlag, 553 p.</ref>) (b) Compa
  13 KB (1,786 words) - 20:50, 19 January 2022
• Oil and condensate analysis
  ...s A and B are discontinuous and should be produced as separate reservoirs. Sand C is laterally continuous but vertically discontinuous from both sands A an
  14 KB (2,013 words) - 16:48, 20 January 2022
• Age model chart
  ...d by high rates of sedimentation associated with abundant [[gravity]]-flow sand deposition. It is followed by interval C, characterized by slow sedimentati
  13 KB (1,871 words) - 20:06, 24 February 2022
• Karst topography
  ..., 2001, Physical and chemical properties of a DNAPL contaminated sone in a sand aquifer: Quarterly Journal Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, v. 34, p.
  13 KB (2,016 words) - 19:56, 5 April 2019
• Reservoir engineering
  ...ervoir. Scale factor can differences by microscopic; relates to pores and sand grains, macroscopic; relates to conventional core-plug scale, megascopic re
  14 KB (2,122 words) - 17:33, 7 March 2016
• Electrical methods
  ...silty soils to over [[length::100 m]] in permafrost, freshwater-saturated sand, and some very low porosity rocks. Successful applications include the meas
  15 KB (2,130 words) - 21:19, 19 January 2022
• Faults: structural geology
  Care has to be taken that a feature such as a sand pinch-out or channel margin is not mistaken for a fault. It is a useful exe ...can contain hundreds of deformation bands, then it is clear that even sand-sand contact faults with damage zones can have significantly reduced permeabilit
  63 KB (9,496 words) - 16:51, 15 January 2024
• Contourites
  ...anigenic composition. [[Grain size]]s are commonly fine size from silt and sand but also gravel size, and are considered a good to very good selection.
  13 KB (1,889 words) - 19:11, 6 April 2016
• Basin modeling: identifying and quantifying significant uncertainties
  ...ch]]s || 10% less shale; 10% more sand || Base || 30% more shale; 30% less sand
  38 KB (5,890 words) - 15:16, 23 August 2016
• Well completion
  ...temperature, the pressure, the need for well stimulation, and the need for sand control procedures.
  19 KB (2,910 words) - 21:06, 18 January 2022
• Production problems
  ...ection of debris or scale in the wellbore, (3) the production of formation sand or collapse of the formation, (4) insufficient cement protection, or (5) th
  16 KB (2,540 words) - 18:41, 20 January 2022
• Flow units for reservoir characterization
  ...t,''<ref name=pt06r98>Pettijohn, F. J., P. E. Potter, and R. Siever, 1973, Sand and Sandstone: New York, Springer-Verlag, 618 p.</ref> ''flow unit,''<ref n
  16 KB (2,282 words) - 20:46, 19 January 2022
• Pressure detection
  ...ts in high pressure in the shale pore water. If there is a small, isolated sand body enclosed by the shale, whatever fluid it contains (water, oil, or gas)
  16 KB (2,450 words) - 21:42, 20 January 2022
• Reservoir modeling for simulation purposes
  ...genetic unit geometry, for example, width to thickness ratio of a specific sand body type. When no deterministic correlation can be made of reservoir units
  17 KB (2,234 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
• Tectonic modeling
  ...odels are constructed from rocks or a variety of materials including clay, sand, and putty.
  16 KB (2,083 words) - 21:28, 2 February 2022
• Shale tectonics
  ...d clastics as intrusive injectites or [[diapir]]s or as extrusive eruptive sand blows or mud volcanoes has captured the public's imagination and given scie
  17 KB (2,466 words) - 16:16, 10 January 2024
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage
  ...a specific geological setting. For example, analogs can be used to predict sand body and shale geometries, [[Connectivity_and_pore_throat_size#Connectivity ...91–403.</ref> who describe the injection of CO₂ in the [[Utsira Sand]] at [[Sleipner]] (ongoing since 1996 with almost 10 million tonnes of CO<s
  37 KB (5,487 words) - 21:14, 11 March 2019
• Reservoir quality
  ...acent sands and clays, introducing the clay into the interstices among the sand grains.
  18 KB (2,514 words) - 17:47, 21 January 2022
• Cross section
  ...and M. B. Lagoe, 1993, Scales of geological heterogeneity of a deep-water sand giant oil field, Long Beach unit, Wilmington field, California, in Rhodes,
  20 KB (3,029 words) - 16:09, 24 January 2022
• Petroleum basins of Turkey
  ...lity. Oligocene-Early Mioceneage deltaic sand is a gas producer, Oligocene sand is an oil and gas producer, Late Eocene-Oligocene is an oil producer, Late ...und the Ulus Basin. The content of organic matter depends on the amount of sand and silt-sized material present. To the west of the Ulus Basin, inflow of a
  52 KB (7,769 words) - 20:28, 18 January 2017
• Open hole tools
  ...Estimate porosity and identify presence of gas, thin bed evaluation, shalt sand evaluation || Needs environmental corrections; sensitive to standoff from w
  23 KB (3,350 words) - 17:26, 18 January 2022
• The Neuquén Basin: Sequence Stratigraphy of Vaca Muerta Formation
  ...d shales (few fish scales and bivalves) and interbedded silt and very fine sand .
  16 KB (2,490 words) - 15:32, 8 January 2021
• Dolomite and dolomitization: Implications for reservoir characterization
  ...16-1/256 mm) , dolarenite (sand size, 1/16-2 mm), dolorudite (coarser than sand, >2 mm) and macrocrystalline dolomites (Calver and Baillie, 1990; Bojiang e
  38 KB (4,996 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
• Subsurface maps
  To avoid [[Production problems#Water-gas coning|coning]], sand production, pipe collapse, or other harmful effects, wells might not be pro
  22 KB (3,076 words) - 13:56, 24 January 2022
• Iran petroleum systems
  ..., Structure of the Mountain Front flexure (NW Zagros, Iran): Insights from sand box model, in P. Leturmy and C. Robin, eds., Tectonic and stratigraphic evo
  27 KB (3,901 words) - 13:51, 26 January 2017
• Three-dimensional modeling of clinoforms in shallow-marine reservoirs
  ...metry, geomorphology, facies character and stratigraphic architecture of a sand-rich subaqueous delta: Jurassic Sognefjord Formation, offshore Norway: Sedi ...model for an intensely bioturbated shallow-marine sandstone: The Bridport Sand Formation, Wessex basin, UK: Sedimentology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 1229–1263, d
  113 KB (16,689 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
• Shale-oil resource systems
  ...juxtaposed to organic-lean intervals, such as the Middle Member (dolomitic sand) and Three Forks (carbonate). However, [[Barnett shale play|Barnett Shale]] ...Rocky Mountain basins, as well as the Powder River, Wind River, Washakie, Sand Wash, Piceance, and Park basins.
  97 KB (14,873 words) - 19:53, 11 January 2024
• Diagenetically complex reservoir evaluation
  ...uantitative models of permeability heterogeneity for genetically different sand bodies]: 63rd Annual SPE Technical Conference Proceedings, p.449-463, SPE #
  31 KB (4,171 words) - 18:22, 21 January 2022
• Vaca Muerta play
  ...in proppant, from ceramics to sand, and then the reduction in the cost of sand, which has dropped approximately 30% since 2015, when it started to be mine ...), (2) the number of fracture stages from 3 to up to 54, (3) the amount of sand and fluids used, and (4) the geo-steering precision (from 10 m to 1 m) <ref
  77 KB (11,201 words) - 20:07, 15 January 2024
• Basin-centered gas systems: evaluation and exploration strategies
  ...ting geoscience and engineering data to characterize and exploit tight gas sand sweet spots: Gas Research Institute, GRI 99/0068, 81 p.</ref> From these tw
  34 KB (5,070 words) - 15:11, 23 August 2016
• West Texas Super Basin
  ...ustained production. The Spraberry completions were typically larger sized sand proppant, lower volumes of fluid with high viscosity cross-linked gels pump ...completed the Barnett Shale wells with less vicious, slickwater, and lower sand concentrations<ref>Hollandsworth, S., 2010, [https://www.texasmonthly.com/a
  157 KB (23,278 words) - 18:36, 16 January 2024
• Data: sources
  ...sponse that is easily mistaken for a shale. A gamma spike at the base of a sand-prone upper shoreface profile can be the result of concentrations of heavy,
  43 KB (6,686 words) - 13:44, 18 March 2019
• Appalachian Basin Marcellus gas play
  ...sting of 3,569,500 L (943,000 gal) of water and 167,800 kg (370,000 lb) of sand was used to treat a 27 m (90 ft) gross interval of the Marcellus organic sh
  89 KB (13,415 words) - 19:16, 16 January 2024
• Medical geology
  ...during a time of annual flooding. The soil was prepared from [[alluvial]] sand molded into 12.5 cm–15 cm diameter balls.<ref name=Setal2013 /> Food shor
  83 KB (12,860 words) - 14:03, 10 April 2019