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Page title matches

  • Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio
    ==Shale smear factor== Shale Smear Factor Fig1.png|{{figure number|1}}Field example of clay smears separ
    8 KB (1,307 words) - 16:05, 14 December 2016
  • Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, , shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio
    #REDIRECT [[Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio]]
    110 bytes (15 words) - 21:32, 29 September 2014
  • Shale
    [[File:ShaleUSGOV.jpg|thumb|300px|Shale.]] * [[Wikipedia:Shale|Shale (Wikipedia)]]
    245 bytes (30 words) - 20:16, 21 April 2015
  • Oil shale
    An oil shale is defined as a fine-grained sedimentary rock that contains a high proporti ...Uintah Basin, Utah. Courtesy of [http://etv10news.com/first-commercial-oil-shale-mine-in-nation-to-be-housed-in-utah/ eTV10 News].]]
    6 KB (893 words) - 19:01, 14 March 2016
  • Shale tectonics
    | title = Shale tectonics | chapter = Shale tectonics: a preface
    17 KB (2,466 words) - 16:16, 10 January 2024
  • Barnett Shale
    #REDIRECT [[Barnett shale play]]
    32 bytes (4 words) - 19:22, 14 March 2019
  • Shale gouge ratio
    ...would be calculated, at a given point on a [[fault]] surface, for explicit shale beds (Equation 1): <math>\text{SGR} = \frac{\Sigma (\text{shale bed thickness})}{\text{fault throw}} \times 100%</math>
    3 KB (473 words) - 20:04, 11 March 2015
  • Shale smear factor
    ...thified sequence, they define the shale smear factor (SSF) as (see [[:File:Shale-smear-factor-fig2.png|Figure 1c]]) <math>\text{SSF} = \frac{\text{fault throw}}{\text{shale layer thickness}}</math>
    3 KB (437 words) - 20:02, 13 December 2016
  • Barnett shale play
    [[File:BarnettShalePlayFig1.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Barnett Shale Field.<ref>[http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/implementation/barnet ....tx.us/oil-gas/major-oil-gas-formations/barnett-shale-information/ Barnett Shale Information.]</ref>
    6 KB (909 words) - 19:24, 14 March 2019
  • Shale-gas resource systems
    | title = Shale Reservoirs: Giant Resources for the 21st Century | chapter = Shale-gas Resource Systems
    73 KB (10,728 words) - 18:16, 11 January 2024
  • Shale-oil resource systems
    | title = Shale Reservoirs: Giant Resources for the 21st Century | chapter = Shale-oil Resource Systems
    97 KB (14,873 words) - 19:53, 11 January 2024
  • Fayetteville Shale Gas Play, Arkansas
    ...sas. Approximately 2.5 million acres have been leased in the Fayetteville Shale gas play (Figure 1). Production of thermogenic gas from the Fayetteville b ...2050. EIA also reported that the proven gas reserves of the Fayetteville Shale in 2017 were 7.1 Tcf, an increase over the 2016 estimate of 6.3 Tcf.
    4 KB (598 words) - 21:52, 3 March 2022
  • Marcellus Shale (Devonian) -- Appalachian Basin
    ...eported production included condensate and oil from wells in the Marcellus Shale. ...urce of 1.5 billion bbls in continuous-type accumulations in the Marcellus Shale. The estimate of natural gas resources ranged from 34 to 181 tcf (95 percen
    19 KB (2,773 words) - 21:36, 4 March 2022
  • Mancos Shale Play in New Mexico
    ...tigraphic units. Note the interval commonly drilled in the Offshore Mancos Shale play. Modified from Hart<ref name=Hart>Hart, B. S., 2021, Stratigraphy and ...Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado. This summary focuses on the Mancos Shale play in the period 2017-2020 although other unconventional targets (e.g., t
    6 KB (985 words) - 20:14, 2 June 2021
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Sichuan Basin
    ...dominated by black siliceous mudstone (Fig. 2). The commercially producing shale interval has a thickness of 20-40m, an average TOC content of 2-4%, vitrini ...ion exceeding 200×103 m3. In order to achieve big breakthrough in the deep shale reservoir exploration, it is of great important to innovate drilling techno
    7 KB (985 words) - 18:54, 4 December 2023
  • Mowry Shale, Powder River Basin, Wyoming
    ...dark to light gray, is hard, and often has large jointing sets. The Mowry Shale is ranges in thickness from 150 to 250 ft and is a significant source rock ...bentonites that are found throughout the Mowry. EOG’s return to the Mowry Shale in 2018 with modern slickwater completions designs and two-mile laterals pr
    4 KB (677 words) - 17:14, 22 December 2023
  • Oklahoma Shale Gas/Tight Oil Plays
    ..., and 2 Goddard Shale records (Fig. 1). Note the dominance of the Woodford Shale wells drilled. ...well completions map is shown in Figure 3. Note the dominance of the Caney Shale wells in the Arkoma, Ardmore and the Marietta Basins.
    3 KB (445 words) - 22:27, 4 March 2022
  • Vaca Muerta, La Luna Shale, South America
    ...Journal of Petroleum Technology, from How Does Vaca Muerta Stack Up vs. US Shale? Data Tell the Tale]: SPE Journal of Petroleum Technology, December 2018</r ...nd J. W. Lee, 2020, Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources in the Vaca Muerta Shale, NeuquénBasin, Argentina: SPE Symposium on Latin American and Caribbean Pe
    11 KB (1,644 words) - 16:14, 11 May 2023
  • Barnett Shale (Mississippian), Fort Worth Basin, Texas
    ...020 Barnett2019-20CommRpt.jpg|200px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Texas Barnett Shale total natural gas production 2000 through July 2020, https://www.rrc.state. In December 2019, Devon Energy sold its remaining interests in the Barnett Shale to BKV Oil & Gas, a subsidiary of Banpu Pcl (a Thailand-based coal-mining a
    3 KB (414 words) - 22:15, 2 June 2021
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Bohai Bay Basin
    ...d the Third member of Dongying Formation (Ed3) are the primary targets for shale oil exploration (Xue et al., 2020). '''Shale Oil Exploration'''
    8 KB (1,251 words) - 15:51, 14 March 2022
  • New Albany Shale, Illinois Basin, southwestern Indiana
    ...ston Basin, the Chattanooga Shale of the southeastern US, and the Woodford Shale of the southcentral US. ...produces both oil and gas[2, 6]. Natural gas produced from the New Albany Shale is a mixture of thermogenic and microbial gas[7].
    7 KB (1,107 words) - 21:50, 4 March 2022
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Songliao and Junggar Basins
    ...mportant oil source rocks in the Junggar Basin. China's oldest continental shale is in the Permian strata of the Junggar Basin, which are composed of fine s ...continental shale in China: Taking the coexisting combination of tight and shale oil in the Permian Junggar Basin: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 109, p
    6 KB (850 words) - 17:56, 20 December 2023
  • Utica Shale, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Kentucky
    The Utica Shale should be more aptly named the Point Pleasant Play. Most of the production ...ast and to the southeast. This same interval is an organic rich calcareous shale with a high carbonate content making it a good candidate for hydraulic frac
    3 KB (542 words) - 22:36, 4 March 2022
  • Update for Fayetteville Shale Gas Play in Arkansas, 2019
    ...ommRpt.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Primary area of the Fayetteville Shale exploration and development in Arkansas.]] ...sas. Approximately 2.5 million acres have been leased in the Fayetteville Shale gas play ([[:file:Figure1 FayettevilleShale2019-20CommRpt.jpg|Figure 1]]).
    5 KB (645 words) - 22:38, 2 June 2021
  • Tuscaloosa Marine Shale, Gulf Coast Basin, Louisiana and Mississippi
    ...shale (TMS) continues to be a minor and largely undeveloped unconventional shale oil play. The potential production area spans over 20.4 million acres acro ...017; Self-Trail et al., 2019), which is equivalent to the upper Eagle Ford Shale in Texas. Workers also identified that the maximum flooding surface occurs
    7 KB (1,007 words) - 21:15, 3 March 2022

Page text matches

  • Shale
    [[File:ShaleUSGOV.jpg|thumb|300px|Shale.]] * [[Wikipedia:Shale|Shale (Wikipedia)]]
    245 bytes (30 words) - 20:16, 21 April 2015
  • Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, , shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio
    #REDIRECT [[Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio]]
    110 bytes (15 words) - 21:32, 29 September 2014
  • Oil shales
    #REDIRECT [[Oil shale]]
    23 bytes (3 words) - 15:59, 1 July 2014
  • Barnett Shale
    #REDIRECT [[Barnett shale play]]
    32 bytes (4 words) - 19:22, 14 March 2019
  • Smear-gouge ratio
    ...gouge ratio, the smear gouge ratio varies in an inverse manner; i.e., high shale gouge ratio corresponds to low smear gouge ratio and vice versa.
    911 bytes (124 words) - 13:49, 18 March 2019
  • Shale gouge ratio
    ...would be calculated, at a given point on a [[fault]] surface, for explicit shale beds (Equation 1): <math>\text{SGR} = \frac{\Sigma (\text{shale bed thickness})}{\text{fault throw}} \times 100%</math>
    3 KB (473 words) - 20:04, 11 March 2015
  • Shale smear factor
    ...thified sequence, they define the shale smear factor (SSF) as (see [[:File:Shale-smear-factor-fig2.png|Figure 1c]]) <math>\text{SSF} = \frac{\text{fault throw}}{\text{shale layer thickness}}</math>
    3 KB (437 words) - 20:02, 13 December 2016
  • Oklahoma Shale Gas/Tight Oil Plays
    ..., and 2 Goddard Shale records (Fig. 1). Note the dominance of the Woodford Shale wells drilled. ...well completions map is shown in Figure 3. Note the dominance of the Caney Shale wells in the Arkoma, Ardmore and the Marietta Basins.
    3 KB (445 words) - 22:27, 4 March 2022
  • Oil shale
    An oil shale is defined as a fine-grained sedimentary rock that contains a high proporti ...Uintah Basin, Utah. Courtesy of [http://etv10news.com/first-commercial-oil-shale-mine-in-nation-to-be-housed-in-utah/ eTV10 News].]]
    6 KB (893 words) - 19:01, 14 March 2016
  • Update for Fayetteville Shale Gas Play in Arkansas, 2019
    ...ommRpt.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Primary area of the Fayetteville Shale exploration and development in Arkansas.]] ...sas. Approximately 2.5 million acres have been leased in the Fayetteville Shale gas play ([[:file:Figure1 FayettevilleShale2019-20CommRpt.jpg|Figure 1]]).
    5 KB (645 words) - 22:38, 2 June 2021
  • Fayetteville Shale Gas Play, Arkansas
    ...sas. Approximately 2.5 million acres have been leased in the Fayetteville Shale gas play (Figure 1). Production of thermogenic gas from the Fayetteville b ...2050. EIA also reported that the proven gas reserves of the Fayetteville Shale in 2017 were 7.1 Tcf, an increase over the 2016 estimate of 6.3 Tcf.
    4 KB (598 words) - 21:52, 3 March 2022
  • Brittleness
    ...tation.pdf Brittleness estimation from Seismic Measurements in the Barnett Shale]
    578 bytes (63 words) - 13:15, 24 September 2014
  • Barnett Shale (Mississippian), Fort Worth Basin, Texas
    ...020 Barnett2019-20CommRpt.jpg|200px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Texas Barnett Shale total natural gas production 2000 through July 2020, https://www.rrc.state. In December 2019, Devon Energy sold its remaining interests in the Barnett Shale to BKV Oil & Gas, a subsidiary of Banpu Pcl (a Thailand-based coal-mining a
    3 KB (414 words) - 22:15, 2 June 2021
  • How fault zones affect seal
    ...-shale ratio of the fault zone. Sand-rich portions of the fault zone leak; shale-rich portions of the fault zone seal. Given the complex structure and compo ...marls as well as small amounts of brittle limestones. Faults with similar shale-rich gouge in producing fields create seals.
    4 KB (509 words) - 16:52, 29 March 2022
  • EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee 2018-19 Annual Report
    ...general decline over the last 20 years (e.g., Permian Basin, Eagle Ford). Shale-oil production remained strong at approximately 7.4 million barrels per day [[file:TightOilCommittee_2018-19_Figure1.jpg|thumb|Figure 1: Current shale-gas and liquids unconventional plays in the Lower 48 States (EIA 2016)]]
    6 KB (820 words) - 20:57, 6 April 2021
  • Barnett shale play
    [[File:BarnettShalePlayFig1.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Barnett Shale Field.<ref>[http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/implementation/barnet ....tx.us/oil-gas/major-oil-gas-formations/barnett-shale-information/ Barnett Shale Information.]</ref>
    6 KB (909 words) - 19:24, 14 March 2019
  • Top seal ductility estimation
    ==Shale ductility and density== ...op-and-fault-seal_fig10-35.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Ductility of shale. Data from Hoshino et al.<ref name=ch10r37>Hoshino, K., Koide, H., Inami, K
    7 KB (1,000 words) - 15:22, 30 March 2022
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Songliao and Junggar Basins
    ...mportant oil source rocks in the Junggar Basin. China's oldest continental shale is in the Permian strata of the Junggar Basin, which are composed of fine s ...continental shale in China: Taking the coexisting combination of tight and shale oil in the Permian Junggar Basin: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 109, p
    6 KB (850 words) - 17:56, 20 December 2023
  • Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio
    ==Shale smear factor== Shale Smear Factor Fig1.png|{{figure number|1}}Field example of clay smears separ
    8 KB (1,307 words) - 16:05, 14 December 2016
  • Mowry Shale, Powder River Basin, Wyoming
    ...dark to light gray, is hard, and often has large jointing sets. The Mowry Shale is ranges in thickness from 150 to 250 ft and is a significant source rock ...bentonites that are found throughout the Mowry. EOG’s return to the Mowry Shale in 2018 with modern slickwater completions designs and two-mile laterals pr
    4 KB (677 words) - 17:14, 22 December 2023
  • Migration pathway map construction
    | Defines sand-sand and sand-shale juxtaposition and potential [[Cross-leaking faults#Juxtaposed lithology lea ...[[migration]] will occur across these uncolored regions or across the sand-shale juxtapositions with low SGRs (blue-purple). These high SGR areas are essent
    3 KB (405 words) - 18:19, 29 March 2022
  • New Albany Shale, Illinois Basin, southwestern Indiana
    ...ston Basin, the Chattanooga Shale of the southeastern US, and the Woodford Shale of the southcentral US. ...produces both oil and gas[2, 6]. Natural gas produced from the New Albany Shale is a mixture of thermogenic and microbial gas[7].
    7 KB (1,107 words) - 21:50, 4 March 2022
  • Pressure prediction: analysis of cuttings
    ...h; they may even be somewhat larger than normal. This case also applies to shale, so we don't have to wait for a mud kick from a permeable zone to anticipat ==Density of shale cuttings==
    5 KB (818 words) - 17:56, 17 February 2022
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Sichuan Basin
    ...dominated by black siliceous mudstone (Fig. 2). The commercially producing shale interval has a thickness of 20-40m, an average TOC content of 2-4%, vitrini ...ion exceeding 200×103 m3. In order to achieve big breakthrough in the deep shale reservoir exploration, it is of great important to innovate drilling techno
    7 KB (985 words) - 18:54, 4 December 2023
  • Fracking
    ...e. Fracking is used in formations with low permeability such as tight gas, shale gas, tight oil and gas [[coal]] seam. ...l inside the shale. After the withdrawal of fracking fluid, and gas in the shale can be economically recovered. As mentioned earlier, during the productive
    3 KB (484 words) - 21:18, 27 March 2019
  • Limitations of quantitative fault seal analysis
    ...[[chert]], or sandstone reservoirs. It has yet to be tested in interbedded shale–carbonate sequences. * The [[seal]] or [[Trap leakage|leak]] threshold [[shale gouge ratio]] (SGR) must be empirically calibrated for each basin, using kn
    3 KB (398 words) - 17:35, 29 March 2022
  • Energy Minerals Division
    ...arbons (including coal-bed methane, gas hydrates, shale gas & liquids, oil shale, and oil sands), and more recently to renewable energy resources (wind, sol
    2 KB (294 words) - 23:39, 19 January 2021
  • Erosional trap regime
    ...sive]] shale above unconformity and marine shale above sandstone || Marine shale beneath sandstone ...d marine sandstones || Superunconformity marine shale || Underlying marine shale
    5 KB (588 words) - 16:13, 13 April 2022
  • Using conventional well logs to estimate richness
    ==Shale response example== ...ocks_fig6-2.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Composite log of Kimmeridge shale, North Sea. From Meyer and Nederlof.<ref name=Meyerandnederlof_1984>Meyer,
    5 KB (768 words) - 15:48, 9 February 2022
  • Haynesville and Bossier Shales (Upper Jurassic), East Texas and Northwest Louisiana
    ...transgressions and exhibit similar organic-rich facies as the Haynesville Shale (Hammes et al., 2012). The Haynesville basin was surrounded by carbonate sh ...rrc.texas.gov/oil-and-gas/major-oil-and-gas-formations/haynesville-bossier-shale/ and from Louisiana Oil and Gas association http://dnr.louisiana.gov/index.
    4 KB (628 words) - 23:05, 3 March 2022
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Bohai Bay Basin
    ...d the Third member of Dongying Formation (Ed3) are the primary targets for shale oil exploration (Xue et al., 2020). '''Shale Oil Exploration'''
    8 KB (1,251 words) - 15:51, 14 March 2022
  • EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee 2020-21 Annual Report
    • Justin Birdwell, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA [Eagle Ford Shale] • Kent Bowker, Bowker Petroleum, The Woodlands, TX, USA [Barnett Shale]
    9 KB (1,311 words) - 20:32, 20 September 2022
  • EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee 2019-20 Annual Report
    ...cellus Shale in the Appalachian Basin and shales within the Permian Basin. Shale liquids production is down by around a million bpd to approximately 7.1 mil ...pment and production front, new enhanced oil recovery approaches for tight shale reservoirs are being more widely implemented. Natural gas or CO2 injection
    9 KB (1,373 words) - 20:57, 6 April 2021
  • Fault control on hydrocarbon distribution
    ...created by shale-prone gouge with low shale gouge ratios (SGR) or sand and shale juxtaposition.
    4 KB (515 words) - 21:31, 29 March 2022
  • Pressure prediction: analysis of well-log and seismic data
    ...d distribution. That leaves only [[porosity]] as the major variable within shale sections. Because porosity is related to compaction, porosity measurements ...ype), the major remaining variable that affects [[rate of penetration]] in shale is porosity.
    5 KB (733 words) - 17:57, 17 February 2022
  • Depositional trap regime
    ...Regional updip pinch-outs of sandstone into an impermeable facies such as shale or [[anhydrite]]. ...''; Local updip pinch-outs of sandstone into an impermeable facies such as shale or anhydrite.
    10 KB (1,231 words) - 20:28, 4 January 2024
  • Mancos Shale Play in New Mexico
    ...tigraphic units. Note the interval commonly drilled in the Offshore Mancos Shale play. Modified from Hart<ref name=Hart>Hart, B. S., 2021, Stratigraphy and ...Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado. This summary focuses on the Mancos Shale play in the period 2017-2020 although other unconventional targets (e.g., t
    6 KB (985 words) - 20:14, 2 June 2021
  • EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee
    ...nd production from shales continues to be in North America. The success of shale liquid plays in the Permian Basin and the Bakken and Eagle Ford Shales have
    4 KB (570 words) - 20:56, 6 April 2021
  • Factors that oppose hydrocarbon migration
    ...ation-of-petroleum_fig7-3.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Comparison of shale pore size with hydrocarbon molecule size. From Momper;<ref name=Momper1978> ...aller pores. [[:file:migration-of-petroleum_fig7-3.png|Figure 1]] compares shale pore size with hydrocarbon molecule size.
    8 KB (1,133 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
  • Migration by solution in water
    ==Diffusion in shale vs. Sand== ...s observation suggests diffusion is not a practical transport mechanism in shale. However, even in sands for distances greater than 10-100 m, [[Hydrocarbon
    6 KB (915 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
  • Seal failure prediction
    ...oleum leakage up faults is a type of membrane seal failure. The higher the shale content of the fault fill, the less the chance of fault-plane leakage. ...ignificant amounts of petroleum. If [[growth fault]]s die upsection into a shale interval, leakage may be minimal except where natural [[Natural hydraulic f
    4 KB (571 words) - 18:06, 1 February 2022
  • Israel petroleum systems
    ...|| [[Turbidite]] sandstone || Gas || Stratigraphic || Saqiye Group || Yafo shale || U.F. || 1200 ...idite sandstone || Gas || Structural/stratigraphic || Saqiye Group || Yafo shale || U.F. || 4
    10 KB (1,276 words) - 21:00, 19 July 2016
  • Seal capacity of different rock types
    ==Shale seals== ...e true shales as well as siltstones, silty mudstones, and interbedded sand/shale cores.
    5 KB (760 words) - 20:55, 31 March 2022
  • Migration rate
    ...the contact area of the hydrocarbons with the shale. Any weaknesses in the shale, such as fractures, will eventually be reached by the accumulating hydrocar
    6 KB (877 words) - 19:33, 14 February 2022
  • Geostatic and lithostatic pressure
    * [[Net thickness]] of different lithologies, e.g., [[sandstone]], [[shale]], [[Carbonate|limestone]] * ρ<sub>m</sub> = weighted average of grain (mineral) density (sandstone and shale = 2.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, limestone = 2.71 g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
    3 KB (402 words) - 14:47, 16 February 2022
  • Subregional and local pressure compartments
    ...27.png|400px|thumb|{{figure number|3}}Porous bioherm completely encased in shale.]] ...Porosity#Carbonate pore systems|porous]] [[bioherm]] completely encased in shale (as shown in [[:file:formation-fluid-pressure-and-its-application_fig5-27.p
    3 KB (440 words) - 17:58, 17 February 2022
  • Fluid-composition trap regime
    ...e]]s, or [[carbonate]]s. These traps are often called [[tar sands]], [[oil shale]]s, bituminous sandstones, or bituminous limestones.
    3 KB (402 words) - 16:31, 13 April 2022
  • Tuscaloosa Marine Shale, Gulf Coast Basin, Louisiana and Mississippi
    ...shale (TMS) continues to be a minor and largely undeveloped unconventional shale oil play. The potential production area spans over 20.4 million acres acro ...017; Self-Trail et al., 2019), which is equivalent to the upper Eagle Ford Shale in Texas. Workers also identified that the maximum flooding surface occurs
    7 KB (1,007 words) - 21:15, 3 March 2022
  • Seal thickness
    ...hydrocarbon [[accumulation]]s. There are also examples of traps with thick shale seals that are [[dry]]. This difficulty in establishing a relationship betw ...nuous, having fractures terminate within the seal, and having at least one shale lamina with a high [[displacement pressure]].
    3 KB (464 words) - 20:56, 31 March 2022
  • Marcellus Shale (Devonian) -- Appalachian Basin
    ...eported production included condensate and oil from wells in the Marcellus Shale. ...urce of 1.5 billion bbls in continuous-type accumulations in the Marcellus Shale. The estimate of natural gas resources ranged from 34 to 181 tcf (95 percen
    19 KB (2,773 words) - 21:36, 4 March 2022
  • Shale tectonics
    | title = Shale tectonics | chapter = Shale tectonics: a preface
    17 KB (2,466 words) - 16:16, 10 January 2024
  • Total organic carbon (TOC)
    | Average for shale source rocks || 2.2 | Average for calcareous shale source rocks || 1.8
    3 KB (428 words) - 16:33, 13 April 2022
  • Bakken and Three Forks Formations, Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana
    ...t al., 2011), 2) lower shale member, 3) middle Bakken member, and 4) upper shale member. The source rocks of the system are the organic-rich upper and lower ...al is the primary target due to proximity to the organic-rich lower Bakken shale member, drilling and exploration of the middle and lower Three Forks contin
    7 KB (1,004 words) - 22:08, 4 March 2022
  • AAPG statement on hydraulic fracturing
    Regulatory oversight of hydraulic fracturing treatments for shale gas, [[coalbed methane]], and other hydrocarbon wells that may occur near z
    1 KB (187 words) - 16:47, 18 July 2016
  • Percent fill: controlling factors
    ...suggests there may be a maximum seal capacity related to the percentage of shale in the fault gouge.<ref name=ch10r97>Yielding, G., B. Freeman, and D. T. Ne
    3 KB (471 words) - 21:50, 28 March 2022
  • Source rock
    ...MarcellusShaleCloseUp.jpg|thumb|400px|Marcellus Shale, New York|"Marcellus Shale Close Up" by Lvklock - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons Attributio
    4 KB (569 words) - 21:38, 4 February 2022
  • Mapping unconformities
    ...whose location is shown on the isopach map. Dashed and hachured areas are shale; stippled areas are sandstone. The arrows on cross section A-A′ show the ...cropping valley networks. In the example above, fine-grained sandstone and shale entered the Cutbank system from the east and south from eroding hills compr
    7 KB (977 words) - 20:39, 4 February 2022
  • Utica Shale, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Kentucky
    The Utica Shale should be more aptly named the Point Pleasant Play. Most of the production ...ast and to the southeast. This same interval is an organic rich calcareous shale with a high carbonate content making it a good candidate for hydraulic frac
    3 KB (542 words) - 22:36, 4 March 2022
  • Austin Chalk, Tokio, and Eutaw Formations, U.S. Onshore Gulf Coast (USGS)
    ...mostly in Mississippi and Alabama, consists of sandstone and carbonaceous shale ([[:file:Figure1AustinChalk2019-20CommRept.jpg|Figure 1]]). ...Coast and include the Lower Smackover, Haynesville, and Tuscaloosa Marine Shale. Regional and local-scale faults and salt diapirs facilitate migration into
    6 KB (846 words) - 20:58, 6 April 2021
  • How capillary properties control seal
    ...eeds the displacement pressure of the seal, the seal leaks. For example, a shale top seal that could seal a 100-m column of oil might leak if the column inc
    2 KB (266 words) - 15:45, 31 March 2022
  • Molyneux:sandbox
    * [[Shale]] * [[Shale gas]]
    5 KB (543 words) - 23:45, 8 January 2015
  • Fault seal behavior
    4 KB (598 words) - 19:47, 24 March 2022
  • Ellesmerian(!) petroleum system
    ...tiary]]. Total organic carbon and assumed hydrogen indices from the marine shale source rocks indicate the mass of petroleum generated to be approximately 8 ...ian(!) petroleum system source rocks, the Shublik Formation and the Kingak Shale. From Bird.<ref name=ch03r2 />
    10 KB (1,241 words) - 20:11, 25 January 2022
  • Bakken and Three Forks Formations, Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana (USGS)
    ...rmal members: 1) lower shale member, 2) middle Bakken member, and 3) upper shale member. The source rocks of the system are the organic-rich upper and lower ...al is the primary target due to proximity to the organic-rich lower Bakken shale member, drilling and exploration of the middle and lower Three Forks contin
    11 KB (1,595 words) - 20:20, 2 June 2021
  • Suggested pages
    ** [[Shale]]
    2 KB (215 words) - 20:43, 10 August 2015
  • Pressure detection
    ====Arrested compaction of shale==== The most commonly accepted cause of overpressure is arrested compaction of shale. Compaction requires the expulsion of pore water. When clays first start to
    16 KB (2,450 words) - 21:42, 20 January 2022
  • Standard interpretation
    ...s. To interpret the response for [[porosity]] or saturation, the volume of shale must be determined. ...is model relates water saturation, porosity, water resistivity, and volume shale.
    25 KB (3,776 words) - 19:53, 18 January 2022
  • Fault seal analysis for reservoir development
    ...ndstone reservoir is aligned with rocks that have low permeability (clay / shale) with high pressure ([[:file:GumelarFigure1.jpg|Figure 1]]). ...G Bulletin, v. 81, no. 6, p. 897-917.</ref>. One method of quantity is the Shale Gouge Ratio (SGR) and Hydrocarbon Column Height (HCH) which will analyze fa
    14 KB (2,146 words) - 19:35, 13 September 2022
  • Eagle Ford Group, southwest Texas
    The Eagle Ford Group (or Shale) is a major oil, natural gas, and condensate/natural gas liquids play in so ...iston Basin and natural gas resources essentially equivalent to the Mancos Shale in the Piceance Basin. Condensate is also an important product in the Eagle
    10 KB (1,550 words) - 21:50, 3 March 2022
  • Well log analysis for reservoir characterization
    # shale volume (Vsh) ...es that will be used in reservoir characterization, they are petrophysics (shale volume, water saturation, permeability, etc.) which are more geology-like a
    25 KB (3,679 words) - 21:17, 13 March 2019
  • Density-neutron log porosity
    * Shale/clay is present in the formation. ...ensity porosity is less than neutron porosity, such as in a sandstone with shale/clay content, the density log provides a reasonable approximation of format
    12 KB (1,763 words) - 16:18, 5 April 2022
  • Silurian Qusaiba shales
    ...fields in the [[Arabian Plate]] and distribution of [[Silurian]] Qusaiba [[shale]]s beneath [[Hercynian]] unconformity (after Faqira et al., 2009<ref name=F ...ion of mainly shallow-water [[carbonate]]s with minor [[anhydrite]]s and [[shale]]s occurred (Cantrell et al., 2014<ref name=Cantrelletal2014 />). Since the
    18 KB (2,569 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
  • Fold trap regime
    | colspan = 2 | ''Shale dome or anticline''; Form as a result of a shale diapir.
    6 KB (742 words) - 14:42, 13 April 2022
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
    | title = Electron microscopy of shale hydrocarbon reservoirs ...n introduction to SEM operational principles and geologic applications for shale hydrocarbon reservoirs
    16 KB (2,441 words) - 20:24, 23 January 2019
  • Water resistivity determination
    ...aximum deflection to the right (in shales). Deflections to the left of the shale line are regarded as normal or negative, and correspond to porous and perme ...ite direction and the corresponding deflection will be to the right of the shale line. Such a deflection is considered to be reversed or positive ([[:file:d
    13 KB (2,077 words) - 17:26, 18 January 2022
  • Seismic data interpretation - recurring themes
    ...iam-webster.com/dictionary/outcrop rock outcrop], you see [[sandstone]], [[shale]], [[limestone]], etc. If you look at seismic data, you see the edges of ro ..., including a [[Fluid contacts|fluid contact]], [[porosity]] variation, or shale density change.
    5 KB (739 words) - 18:51, 27 January 2022
  • Australia, Northern TerritoryVelkerri Formation, Beetaloo Sub-basin
    .... Richards, C. Altmann, E. Baruch, and D. Close, 2018, Australia’s premier shale basin: five plays, 1,000,000,000 years in the making: The APPEA Journal, vo ...nd S. Stonier, 2017, Exploring the Beetaloo: will Australia’s first viable shale play be sourced by billion year old gas?: The APPEA Journal, vol. 57, no. 2
    11 KB (1,597 words) - 15:02, 9 January 2024
  • Rate of penetration
    ...illing rate of shale is very sensitive to the pressure balance between the shale and wellbore. Shales drilled underbalanced are characterized by fast drilli [[Porosity]] in sandstone is qualitatively inferred by observing the ROP in shale and comparing that to the ROP in a known sandstone interval. Porosity in ca
    7 KB (1,049 words) - 19:02, 20 January 2022
  • Spontaneous potential logs in water resistivity calculation
    # On the log, establish the shale base line for the SP curve. ...5.png|Figure 4]] with SP (SP is negative if it deflects to the left of the shale base line). Follow the SP grid line up the chart to the appropriate formati
    6 KB (1,027 words) - 16:40, 5 April 2022
  • Quantitative fault seal analysis
    ...ship between the observed sealing behavior of faults and the inferred sand–shale content of the fault zone.<ref name=ch10r7>Bouvier, J., D., Kaars-Sijpestei ...high in the zone (high SGR). A fault cross-seals or dip-seals if the sand–shale ratio is low in the zone (low SGR).
    9 KB (1,327 words) - 16:32, 29 March 2022
  • Eagle Ford Group in southwest Texas (USGS)
    The Eagle Ford Group (or Shale) is a major oil, natural gas, and condensate/natural gas liquids play in so ...ends in thermal maturity indicators for the organic sulfur-rich Eagle Ford Shale: Marine and Petroleum Geology, Paper no. 104459.</ref>, and references ther
    11 KB (1,594 words) - 19:15, 8 February 2024
  • Migration by separate phase
    * Colloids—masses the size of median shale pores * Emulsions—masses the size of large shale pores
    8 KB (1,155 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
  • Mudlogging: drill cuttings analysis
    Drill cuttings are typically collected from the rig shale shakers, a sluice box in the possum belly, or the desander/desilter outlets ===Shale shaker===
    10 KB (1,482 words) - 15:25, 24 January 2022
  • Quick-look lithology from logs
    | [[Shale]] || 60–150 | [[Oil shale|Organic-rich shale]] || 100–250
    25 KB (3,637 words) - 19:39, 18 January 2022
  • Land rigs
    ...he mud properties are adjusted. Pits are named for their function (e.g., [[shale pit]], settling pit, [[volume pit]], [[mixing pit]], and [http://www.glossa
    12 KB (2,020 words) - 16:19, 20 January 2022
  • Yowlumne field
    ...produced in the area since 1864. Because Stevens oils derive from Monterey Shale source rocks, Yowlumne is part of a Monterey-Stevens petroleum system (Grah ...s a deep-marine, clastic facies of the Monterey Formation, an organic-rich shale that is considered to be the main source rock for most of the oil produced
    13 KB (1,896 words) - 19:02, 11 March 2019
  • Cased hole tools
    ...relate cased hole measurements with open hole measurements and to estimate shale volume. The saturation device is used to determine water saturation when po ...in those intervals for both correlation to open hole or the estimation of shale volume. If the salts are predominantly uranium, their influence can be remo
    10 KB (1,427 words) - 16:26, 18 January 2022
  • Thelma field
    ...ent, restricted marine basins resulted in the deposition of organic-rich [[shale]]s (the Kimmeridge Clay Formation), which act as both [[seal]] and principa ...nto the Thelma fan system. The overlying late Volgian to [[Ryazania]]n hot shale represents final abandonment of the fan system and, in conjunction with Low
    17 KB (2,614 words) - 19:14, 17 January 2022
  • Vaca Muerta, La Luna Shale, South America
    ...Journal of Petroleum Technology, from How Does Vaca Muerta Stack Up vs. US Shale? Data Tell the Tale]: SPE Journal of Petroleum Technology, December 2018</r ...nd J. W. Lee, 2020, Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources in the Vaca Muerta Shale, NeuquénBasin, Argentina: SPE Symposium on Latin American and Caribbean Pe
    11 KB (1,644 words) - 16:14, 11 May 2023
  • Other correlation features
    ...abundance peaks crossing a sharp log break from a thin carbonate to marine shale.]] ...abundance peaks crossing a sharp log break from a thin carbonate to marine shale. Abundance peaks such as this are a common feature of the maximum flooding
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  • Dipmeter
    ...png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|3}}Example of thin bed laminated sandstone-shale resolution by means of a dipmeter correlation curve.]] ...haly sands can be best accomplished by a sensitive delineation of sand and shale layers. Rather than running a tool designed exclusively for this purpose, m
    14 KB (2,128 words) - 17:25, 18 January 2022
  • Braided fluvial reservoirs
    ...t as permeability barriers bounding hydraulic units. Widespread lacustrine shale beds act as barriers within the Jurassic braided river reservoir of the Jac ...es.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1997/08aug/1267/1267.htm Sandstone-body and shale-body dimensions in a braided fluvial system: Salt Wash Sandstone Member (Mo
    13 KB (1,859 words) - 21:29, 12 March 2019
  • Procedure for geometrical analysis
    ...facies in a sequence, i.e., abrupt change from fluvial sandstone to marine shale * Facies omission (abrupt change from marine shale to a fluvial sandstone)
    6 KB (862 words) - 15:20, 4 February 2022
  • Buoyancy forces in reservoir fluids
    ...rock] can be so high that the tightly bound water in the pore space of the shale will prevent the oil from entering and the oil remains trapped in the under
    8 KB (1,182 words) - 20:27, 3 March 2016
  • Petrophysical analysis of Sorrento field wells
    * SH = shale ...elationships. Examples include vuggy or [[fracture]] porosity and variable shale effects. If such changes occur, then we must modify the relationships betwe
    7 KB (956 words) - 17:24, 11 April 2022
  • Core handling
    ...hen entering the catcher and be lost. Spin marks are generally seen in the shale sections and may represent lost segments. When taking multiple cores, exami
    7 KB (1,083 words) - 20:50, 19 January 2022
  • Tethys region
    ...s a potential target for shale gas in many regions. The Silurian Tanezzuft Shale Formation in Libya and its equivalents in adjacent countries (including Tun
    23 KB (3,325 words) - 14:52, 1 August 2016
  • Setting and structure of the Sorrento field
    ...aided_and_meandering_fluvial_deposits|Fluvial sandstones]] lap onto marine shale at the margins of the valley, forming lateral [[seal]]s.
    3 KB (429 words) - 14:19, 11 April 2022
  • Iraq petroleum geology
    ...Platform || Basement-involved fold || Faulted anticline || Akkas || Marine shale || || 7000 || 100 || 2500 || || || || || www.investorsiraq.com || ...78 || Abu Ghirab || Mauddud || Early Cretaceous || Carbonate || Ahmadi || Shale ||
    78 KB (7,926 words) - 16:25, 30 January 2017
  • Jordan petroleum geology
    ...chniques could be applied in Jordanian oil shale exploration. The same oil shale unit also exists underneath the Dead Sea pull-apart basin, where it is deep ...positional environment of an Upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) deglacial black shale, Jordan - Discussion: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v.
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  • Dip-leaking fault
    ...This asymmetric dip leakage is caused primarily by variations in the sand-shale ratio of the fault gouge. Other possible controls in some basins include as ...emann, J., and M. Krowlow, 1992, Delineation of a pressure fault seal from shale resistivities, in J. Ebanks, J. Kaldi, and C. Vavra, eds., Seals and Traps:
    8 KB (1,130 words) - 17:14, 28 March 2022
  • Energy: historical sources
    ...es: nonrenewable ([[oil]], [[natural gas]], [[coal]], [[tar sands]], [[oil shale]]s) and renewable ([[nuclear power|nuclear]], [[hydroelectric power|hydroel
    4 KB (530 words) - 20:35, 6 January 2015
  • Geology
    ...00px|West Texas' Lozier Canyon offers an opportunity to examine Eagle Ford Shale outcrops at various scales across a sizable area. Photo by Art Donovan. Cou
    4 KB (561 words) - 21:20, 1 February 2023
  • Mudstones
    ...ources contained in these rocks—indeed, the production of “shale oil” and “shale gas” in the United States changed the energy outlook almost completely ov ...<ref>Potter, P. E., J. B. Maynard, and W. A. Pryor, 1980, Sedimentology of shale: Study guide and reference source: New York, Springer-Verlag, 303 p.</ref><
    16 KB (2,352 words) - 18:46, 4 December 2023
  • Reservoir simulations and field unitization
    ...different hydrocarbon contacts and different pressures during production. Shale gouge ratio (SGR) thresholds for seal behavior may have to be calibrated se
    3 KB (479 words) - 15:21, 30 March 2022
  • Douglas K. Strickland
    ...Prior to his death, he was exploring in the emerging Alberta Basin Bakken Shale play east of Glacier National Park, via his company, Red Rock Resources LLC
    4 KB (525 words) - 19:41, 14 February 2017
  • Log interpretation: initial quick scan
    ...measurement because clastics tend to consist of reservoirs surrounded by [[shale]]s of slowly varying resistivity. The changes in resistivity due to changes
    4 KB (543 words) - 14:11, 21 August 2014
  • Phosphatic microfossils
    ...idues of carbonates dissolved in weak acids or from easily disaggregated [[shale]]s.
    4 KB (496 words) - 18:08, 24 January 2022
  • Seal ductility
    4 KB (510 words) - 15:22, 30 March 2022
  • Irati Formation
    ...c rich beds and carbonates. Therefore, grey siltstones and grey bituminous shale layers were preserved, interbedded with marl, calcareous rocks, and thin mu
    3 KB (500 words) - 20:53, 4 April 2019
  • Siliceous microfossils
    ...s sediments, when altered by burial diagenesis, are converted to siliceous shale, [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/470558/porcellanite porcellanit
    5 KB (626 words) - 15:18, 31 January 2022
  • Geological heterogeneities
    ...ref name=pt06r44>Haldorsen, H. H., and L. W. Lake, 1984, A new approach to shale management in field-scale models: Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, A
    17 KB (2,232 words) - 21:22, 19 January 2022
  • Deep-water marine reservoirs
    | Shale drapes or late-stage channel-fill shales common in channel-fill sandstones ...annel-fill sandstones can show erosional features such as erosional bases, shale clasts, and an abundance of chaotic looking sediments.
    20 KB (2,850 words) - 15:33, 15 January 2024
  • Amplitude variations with offset (AVO)
    ...1 sandstone has higher impedance than its cover (shale). Interface between shale and this kind of sandstone will generate a high reflection coefficient and
    9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:39, 27 March 2019
  • Fault-dependent leak points, continuity, and charge
    ...basins. In many basins, thick, continuous, areally extensive sequences of shale or salt act as regional top seals. The [[Gippsland Basin]] and [[North Sea]
    4 KB (556 words) - 20:56, 31 March 2022
  • Reflection configuration patterns
    ...fluvial fluvial] or [[turbidite]] channel fills. Contorted features may be shale-prone [[debris flow]]s. Precise identification of depositional environments
    5 KB (592 words) - 17:46, 4 February 2022
  • Petroleum system
    ...servoirs as well as in [[gas hydrates]], tight reservoirs, [[fracture]]d [[shale]], and [[coal]]
    5 KB (634 words) - 17:54, 25 January 2022
  • Hydrofractured seal leakage
    ...ture gradient (hard geopressures). Hard geopressures are characteristic of shale-dominated basins that have undergone recent rapid subsidence.
    5 KB (679 words) - 17:11, 1 February 2022
  • FWhitehurst sandbox
    * shale compaction curve http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1984-85/data/p * shale shaker http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/s/shale_shaker.aspx
    22 KB (3,024 words) - 21:42, 19 December 2014
  • Basin-centered gas systems: elements and processes
    ...rom humic, type III organic matter contained in coal beds and carbonaceous shale in several coal-bearing Upper Cretaceous intervals. The relative contributi ...pper Cretaceous Frontier and Blair formations, Almond sandstone, and Lewis Shale. Examples of water-bearing reservoirs also exist in the Elmworth field BCGA
    20 KB (2,949 words) - 18:24, 6 April 2016
  • Drilling fluid
    ...particle sizes. The primary means of controlling solids are by removal via shale shakers, desanders, desilters, and/or dilution. ...in than oil muds, and in some special types of systems, they are almost as shale inhibitive. However, inevitably the action of drilling the hole in a consol
    13 KB (1,866 words) - 21:17, 19 January 2022
  • Migration rate calculation
    ...approximation for flow in rocks with high percentages of [[clay]]s, like [[shale]]s, due to the platey grain shape of the clays. The [[Wikipedia:Kozeny–Ca
    4 KB (618 words) - 19:40, 14 February 2022
  • Displacement pressure: theory vs. reality
    ...mation, consists of fluvial channel and point bar deposits as well as more shale-prone levee bank, crevasse splay, floodplain, and [[coal]] swamp facies. (S
    4 KB (587 words) - 13:36, 1 April 2022
  • White paper: Hydraulic fracturing
    ...ess for the development of unconventional resources, such as shale gas and shale oil, which continue to transform U.S. energy production. Hydraulic fracturi ...e then has been applied successfully for recovery of both oil and gas from shale reservoirs, which would otherwise produce small, uneconomic volumes. This a
    27 KB (4,076 words) - 16:33, 19 July 2016
  • Paleontology
    ...humb|400px|A broken concretion with fossils inside; Late Cretaceous Pierre shale, near Ekalaka, Montana. Photograph taken by Mark A. Wilson (Department of G ...es, and many types of limestone. Siliceous radiolaria and diatoms occur in shale and deep water limestone.
    17 KB (2,331 words) - 20:11, 10 August 2016
  • Drilling problems
    ...ered formations flow, slough, or swell. The most unstable formations are [[shale]]s and [[Evaporite|salt beds]].
    5 KB (732 words) - 21:18, 19 January 2022
  • Stratigraphic trap seals
    ...geometry. This unconformity has paleotopographic relief, and the [[Opeche Shale]] [[red beds]] are [[sabkha]] deposits that infill an erosional valley form
    5 KB (632 words) - 20:26, 3 February 2022
  • Libya hydrocarbon provinces
    ...ck]]s range in age from Precambrian to Eocene. The Upper Cretaceous Sirt [[Shale]] is the major source rock. It represents a thick sequence that accumulated ...t, and Ouan Kasa Sandstones are very prospective reservoirs. The Tanezzuft Shale, as thick as 500 m, is the major source rock.
    17 KB (2,361 words) - 16:19, 30 January 2017
  • The Neuquén Basin: Sequence Stratigraphy of Vaca Muerta Formation
    ...on is known as “classic” shale gas/oil play and is constituted of marl and shale, with less than 3500 metres depths, overpressure conditions, thicknesses wi These facies comprise alternating shale and laminated marl (containing radiolarians, fish scales and less ammonites
    16 KB (2,490 words) - 15:32, 8 January 2021
  • Niobrara & Codell of the Denver-Julesburg Basin
    ...the Niobrara sits unconformably on the Sharon Springs member of the Pierre Shale (Higley and Cox, 2007). Across the basin, up to 100 feet of the upper Niobr
    9 KB (1,412 words) - 21:46, 3 March 2022
  • Molecular fossils
    ...r89>Treibs, A., 1934, On the occurrence of chlorophyll derivates in an oil shale of the Upper Triassic Period: Annales Chimie 509, p. 103–114.</ref> disco
    5 KB (692 words) - 20:59, 31 January 2022
  • Hydrocarbon reservoirs associated to layered intrusive bodies
    ...n of the intrusive within a sedimentary basin would be concentrated within shale formations (high porosity) with plenty of oil (Figure 4 and 5). ...do with three factors: pore pressure, level weakness is the bedrock (being shale is less competent ) and plans anisotropy generated in the shales facilitate
    10 KB (1,475 words) - 16:29, 4 April 2019
  • Fault plane profile construction
    ...posed across the fault. By doing so, they show areas of sand/sand and sand/shale juxtaposition, establish seal relationships, define potential fault-depende
    6 KB (834 words) - 14:51, 29 March 2022
  • Log analysis applications
    ...he raw SP curve, which represent zero deflection (that is, baseline = 100% shale). By projecting the baseline between two consecutive points, SP deflections ...y in order to calculate water resistivity (''R''<sub>w</sub>) and estimate shale content.
    21 KB (3,142 words) - 16:20, 20 January 2022
  • Reservoir
    ...tion deep current so as formed the coarse layer which has interaction with shale layer in the deep marine. Shape from deposition of turbidity sandstones can ...eability). For example, an oil field in Florence, Colorado which is having shale (Lower–Upper Cretaceous) as reservoir rock.
    14 KB (2,134 words) - 16:48, 26 March 2019
  • Geological fieldwork benefits
    ...work can integrate data because it crosses discipline boundaries. A set of shale samples, for example, when analyzed for age, [[Total organic carbon (TOC)|o
    5 KB (771 words) - 21:12, 1 February 2022
  • Migration pathway
    * Petroleum is deflected laterally through sand-rich sections by overlying shale-rich sections.
    6 KB (889 words) - 16:50, 29 March 2022
  • Structural play geology
    | Shale structures | Regions of intense deformation containing mobile shale sequence
    18 KB (2,422 words) - 14:21, 2 February 2022
  • Organic facies
    ...rs areally. The latter criterion is sometimes recognizable in massive dark shale units, but must be evaluated with care. There has to be enough stratigraphi ...ters thick), thermally immature to marginally mature chocolate brown [[oil shale]]s of the Galena Group (Middle Ordovician) of the North American Mid-Contin
    17 KB (2,472 words) - 17:39, 13 April 2022
  • Shale-gas resource systems
    | title = Shale Reservoirs: Giant Resources for the 21st Century | chapter = Shale-gas Resource Systems
    73 KB (10,728 words) - 18:16, 11 January 2024
  • Appalachian Basin Marcellus gas play
    | title = Shale Reservoirs: Giant Resources for the 21st Century ...es in Geology 24, p. 1–8.</ref> Until recently, the organic-rich Marcellus Shale, although recognized as a major source rock, was not a significant hydrocar
    89 KB (13,415 words) - 19:16, 16 January 2024
  • Log analysis: lithology
    ...limestone and [[dolomite]], dolomite and [[anhydrite]], and sandstone and shale. ...efined on the quartz-wet clay line. The model can then determine porosity, shale volume, and silt index from interpolation in this framework. Water saturati
    25 KB (3,189 words) - 17:24, 18 January 2022
  • Fracture threshold in the real world
    ...ent to high-permeability layers may undergo rapid decompaction while thick shale sequences with no immediate access to high-permeability layers will decompa
    6 KB (930 words) - 15:49, 30 March 2022
  • Covenant field
    ...voir, while the overlying Middle Jurassic Twin Peaks Limestone and Arapien Shale form the cap rocks or seal for the field. From Parry, et. al.<ref name=Parr
    6 KB (897 words) - 19:39, 14 February 2017
  • Shale-oil resource systems
    | title = Shale Reservoirs: Giant Resources for the 21st Century | chapter = Shale-oil Resource Systems
    97 KB (14,873 words) - 19:53, 11 January 2024
  • Basin-centered gas systems: examples
    ...Appalachian basin, USA]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 82, p. 412-441.</ref> The Utica Shale contains type II kerogen and is thermally overmature (>1.3% R<sub>o</sub>). ...1997, Thermal maturity and petroleum generation of Middle Ordovician black shale source rocks, central Appalachian basin-controls on oil and gas in Lower Si
    25 KB (3,445 words) - 19:01, 14 March 2016
  • Basin modeling: identifying and quantifying significant uncertainties
    | [[Shale]] conductivity (W/m.K) || 1.87 || 2.34 || 2.81 | Shale heat generation (mW/m<sup>3</sup>) || 1.0 || 2.1 || 4.1
    38 KB (5,890 words) - 15:16, 23 August 2016
  • Well planning
    *** shale densities
    6 KB (779 words) - 15:09, 24 January 2022
  • Barmer basin
    ...ion]] pathway linkages across long distances and vertically across thick [[shale]] sequences between otherwise isolated carrier beds and reservoirs. ...the [[footwall]]s of major rift margin [[fault]]s against thick synrift [[shale]]s and [[source rock]] [[sediment]]s of the hangingwalls confirms that faul
    24 KB (3,528 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
  • Rock physics analysis for reservoir identification
    ...ur /> = similar rock physics model as above but the grain is modeled to be shale instead of sand.
    15 KB (2,356 words) - 18:00, 26 April 2022
  • Making regional structural cross sections
    ...apages.com/data/bulletns/1971-73/data/pg/0057/0005/0850/0878.htm Pressured shale and related sediment deformation: mechanism for development of regional con
    7 KB (970 words) - 20:33, 18 February 2022
  • Reservoir modeling for simulation purposes
    ...fluid flow range from large scale faults and discontinuities down to thin shale intercalations, sedimentary structures, and even pore scale features ([[:fi ...characteristics for the blocks as a whole. The influence of discontinuous shale breaks on vertical permeability, for example, can be estimated using a stat
    17 KB (2,234 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
  • Tectonostratigraphic history
    ...apages.com/data/bulletns/1971-73/data/pg/0057/0005/0850/0878.htm Pressured shale and related sediment deformation: mechanism for development of regional con
    7 KB (1,044 words) - 16:34, 22 February 2022
  • Kingfisher field
    ...nes based on the recognition and correlation of maximum flooding surface [[shale]]s from biostratigraphy and well log data sets. Based on the Shell stratigr ...in to the east and northeast, the deposition of organic-rich hemipelagic [[shale]]s occurred in an overall anoxic basin-floor environment resulting in the d
    16 KB (2,358 words) - 16:28, 11 January 2024
  • East Breaks trap formation
    * by postdepositional tilting of sandstones that shale out [[Dip|upstructure]] due to syndepositional pinching-out against sea-flo
    7 KB (1,022 words) - 21:54, 22 March 2022
  • Faults: structural geology
    ...G., F. C. Murphy, J. J. Walsh, and J. Watterson, 1993, Outcrop studies of shale smear on fault surfaces, in S. S. Flint and I. D. Bryant, eds., The geologi ...in deltaic reservoirs. In deltas deposited over thick and unstable mobile shale intervals, synsedimentary faults are a major element controlling reservoir
    63 KB (9,496 words) - 16:51, 15 January 2024
  • Flow units and containers
    ...ple, a reservoir system with thick sections of thin, interbedded sands and shale can theoretically be subdivided into thousands of flow units. Instead, we s
    9 KB (1,231 words) - 18:42, 1 April 2022
  • Vertical and lateral seismic resolution and attenuation
    ...|Figure 3]]). This might represent the pinchout of a sand body embedded in shale or any other combination of lithologics. When the wedge is thick, the refle
    8 KB (1,164 words) - 20:24, 21 January 2022
  • Super basins
    ...nd permeabilities in the nanodarcy range. Studies showed that organic rich shale rocks retain more hydrocarbon than what they actually expelled, therefore, ...n declined. However, when production from tight reservoirs and lately from shale gas and oil were added, this trend started to change in a reverse and posit
    27 KB (3,791 words) - 19:35, 11 October 2022
  • Third-order sequences
    ** Shale-prone wedge with thin, fine-grained turbidites forms on the slope, then dow
    8 KB (1,084 words) - 22:25, 3 February 2022
  • Llanos basin
    ...r, alternative models exist, and the in situ formation of fresh water by [[shale]] dehydration has been also proposed (Gonzalez et al., 2011<ref name=Gonzal ...at fresh waters, associated to light [[hydrocarbon]]s, are released from [[shale]] dewatering during [[diagenesis]]. On the other hand, shallow zone fluid c
    23 KB (3,247 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
  • Seismic data display
    .... By SEG convention, an increase in velocity, such as from a slow velocity shale to a high velocity [[dolomite]], is recorded and processed in such a way as
    9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:17, 19 January 2022
  • Arecuna field
    ...aterally persistent high gamma-ray (or minimum spontaneous potential [SP]) shale markers that are interpreted as surfaces of maximum marine or lacustrine fl The approximately equal proportions of sandstone and shale, discrete sinuous sandstone-rich belts confined by mud-rich areas, and log-
    16 KB (2,381 words) - 19:03, 11 March 2019
  • Deltaic reservoirs
    ...into deltas on top of an unstable substrate containing mobile salt and/or shale. Salt [[deformation]] features and growth faulting are common in deltaic se ...y shales || Individual mouth bars can be targeted by [[horizontal well]]s; shale prevents water influx from swept units above and below || Poor to no vertic
    34 KB (4,776 words) - 18:18, 5 January 2024
  • Depositional sequence analysis of plays
    ...In sandy systems, basin floor fans are shingled and pinch out between the shale toes of lowstand prograding wedge.
    8 KB (1,184 words) - 20:44, 4 February 2022
  • Fault plane profile
    ...posed across the fault. By doing so, they show areas of sand/sand and sand/shale juxtaposition, establish seal relationships, define potential fault-depende
    9 KB (1,461 words) - 21:57, 28 March 2022
  • Mudlogging: gas extraction and monitoring
    ...drilling mud by the gas trap. The gas trap is a metal box immersed in the shale shaker possum belly, preferably in a location of maximum mudflow rate ([[:f
    9 KB (1,327 words) - 15:28, 24 January 2022
  • Mandal-Ekofisk(!) petroleum system
    .... The seal rock ranges from Permian to Neogene and consists of [[halite]], shale, and chalk. Based on volume of petroleum, the Permian to Jurassic reservoir
    9 KB (1,184 words) - 18:46, 3 March 2016
  • Formation evaluation of naturally fractured reservoirs
    ...contained in groundwater. An increase in uranium content with respect to a shale volume (calculated from sources that are independent of natural formation r
    9 KB (1,380 words) - 17:25, 18 January 2022
  • Open hole tools
    ...used for correlation of formations between wells and for estimating volume shale and/or volume clay minerals. ...accurate use of the remaining gamma rays for determining lithology, volume shale, or volume clay. In some local areas, ratios of potassium to thorium have b
    23 KB (3,350 words) - 17:26, 18 January 2022
  • Basin-centered gas systems: historical development and classification
    ...s, is too broad and includes such gas systems as [[coalbed methane]] and [[shale gas]].
    9 KB (1,373 words) - 13:40, 10 March 2015
  • Reservoir fluids
    ...rock can be so high that the tightly bound water in the pore space of the shale will prevent the oil from entering and the oil remains trapped in the under
    22 KB (3,508 words) - 20:34, 3 March 2016
  • Full waveform acoustic logging
    ...d permeability values for both the [[limestone]]-[[dolomite]] and the sand-shale examples. (After Burns et al.<ref name=pt07r3 />)]]
    10 KB (1,530 words) - 20:47, 19 January 2022
  • Wattenberg field
    ...one, Niobrara Formation, Terry and Hygiene sandstone members of the Pierre Shale). The Terry and Hygiene were first produced in 1971, the Codell in 1981, th ...ile Formation, Niobrara Formation, and Sharon Springs Member of the Pierre Shale. Total source rock thickness in Wattenberg is 200 to 250 ft (>2 wt.% TOC).
    72 KB (10,249 words) - 20:06, 15 January 2024
  • Seismic interpretation
    ...ify the location of [[basement]], salt bodies, [[igneous]] intrusives, and shale masses. Another type of data that sheds light on the geological conditions
    10 KB (1,520 words) - 18:48, 21 January 2022
  • Borehole imaging devices
    ...maging-devices_fig4.png|'''Figure 4.''' Borehole televiewer images showing shale layers (dark) intercalated with [[limestone]] layers (bright).
    10 KB (1,313 words) - 16:24, 18 January 2022
  • Tight gas reservoirs: evaluation
    Since most tight gas reservoirs in North America are of detrital origin (shale, siltstone, and sandstone), primary processes of deposition, inferred from
    11 KB (1,444 words) - 21:26, 4 January 2024
  • Types of completions
    ...orizontal well]] completions in the [[Austin Chalk]] and in the [[Devonian shale]]s in [[Wikipedia:Appalachia|Appalachia]]. In a typical open hole completio
    13 KB (1,944 words) - 19:56, 18 January 2022
  • Wellsite safety
    ...where gas might be expected to break out or accumulate (e.g., bell nipple, shale shaker, mud mixer, and rig floor).
    9 KB (1,411 words) - 15:10, 24 January 2022
  • Mudstone nomenclature
    ....</ref><ref name=Trtlt>Tourtelot, H. A., 1960, Origin and use of the word “shale”: American Journal of Science, v. 258A, p. 335–343.</ref><ref name=Flk1 ...1980>Potter, P. E., J. B. Maynard, and W. A. Pryor, 1980, Sedimentology of shale, Study guide and reference source: Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 303 p.</ref><re
    58 KB (8,391 words) - 19:46, 20 February 2024
  • Sandstone
    ...ther fluvial deposits, or in association with deeper marine conglomerates, shale, cherts, and submarine basalts.
    10 KB (1,508 words) - 15:44, 22 March 2019
  • Cuba: Geology and regional setting
    ...with great thicknesses of older, continental-derived [[sandstone]]s and [[shale]]s showing various degrees of [[metamorphism]].
    13 KB (1,851 words) - 20:43, 7 July 2016
  • Lithofacies maps
    ...ough to be seismically resolvable (tens of meters thick) and surrounded by shale. ...mensional seismic data: Potential and guidelines from a Tertiary sandstone-shale sequence model, Powderhorn field, Calhoun County, Texas]: AAPG Bulletin, v.
    21 KB (3,139 words) - 16:54, 6 April 2016
  • Conventional coring
    ...cases, multiple catchers are used. Friable [[sandstone]] interbeddded with shale might require both slip and flapper type catchers. Full-closure catchers, r
    13 KB (1,885 words) - 20:49, 19 January 2022
  • Prudhoe Bay field
    ...ed sandstones of the Shublik and Sag River Formations. The Jurassic Kingak Shale forms the seal.
    11 KB (1,634 words) - 16:34, 26 April 2016
  • Meandering fluvial reservoirs
    ...sippi. An erosional base is overlain by channel lags with intraformational shale rip-up clasts. Above this are large-scale cross-bedded sandstones, which pa ...higher oil-water contact. The two fields are thought to be separated by a shale plug or an area with relatively high capillary [[displacement pressure]]. A
    32 KB (4,727 words) - 21:03, 15 January 2024
  • Depositional environments
    ...it has the color of grey to green or green to reddish brown. It has mud to shale size. Beside formed from the remains of living things, hemipelagic mud also ...shallow-marine canyon, and deeper environtment. It consist of sand, sandy shale , and gavelly sand. It alternates with the pelagic mud and has normal grada
    26 KB (3,851 words) - 20:38, 28 February 2019
  • Core-to-log transformations and porosity-permeability relationships
    ...ability versus helium porosity from North Sea sandstone, conglomerate, and shale.]]
    14 KB (1,893 words) - 20:15, 2 February 2016
  • Paraná Basin
    ...ium [[grain size]], intercalated with thinner siltstone and muscovite rich shale, emphasizing the laminated aspect of that interval. Herringbone cross-strat ...s with stratifications reworked by waves, and black laminated carbonaceous shale, which is an important marker for stratigraphic correlation in the subsurfa
    22 KB (3,382 words) - 19:52, 4 January 2024
  • Overview of routine core analysis
    ...F. R., and C. A. Cheatham, 1988, Improved core recovery in laminated sand shale sequences: Journal of Petroleum Technology, v. 40, p. 1544–1546., 10., 21
    14 KB (2,121 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
  • Data: sources
    ...s is an indication of lithology; sandstone is normally drilled faster than shale for instance. Any [[drilling problems]] encountered or changes in the drill ...|4}}Gamma-ray, density, neutron, and sonic log response of a sandstone and shale sequence. This example is from well 16/29a-9 in the Fleming field, UK North
    43 KB (6,686 words) - 13:44, 18 March 2019
  • West Texas Super Basin
    ...unconventional oil and gas resource reservoirs were defined. The Wolfcamp Shale (Wolfberry, combined Spraberry and Wolfcamp in the Midland Basin) discovery ...0>Popova, O., 2020, Permian Basin, Part 1: Wolfcamp, Bone Spring, Delaware Shale Plays of the Delaware Basin: Geology Review, United States Energy Informati
    157 KB (23,278 words) - 18:36, 16 January 2024
  • Core description
    ...vation of delicate primary and soft sediment [[deformation]] structures in shale and siltstone units
    13 KB (1,786 words) - 20:50, 19 January 2022
  • Recognizing stacked depositional sequences from well data
    ...of forestepping parasequence sets. The southern wells (left) are sand-poor shale deposited in deep water (bathyal biofacies); sequence boundaries are likely
    14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:16, 9 January 2024
  • Reservoir engineering
    ...ock have many lithologies like sandstones, limestones, granitic, tuff, and shale. Reservoir filled by hydrocarbon on [[fracture]] or pores. All reservoir hy
    14 KB (2,122 words) - 17:33, 7 March 2016
  • Petroleum exploration
    ...y important to whether the reservoir can be produced or not. Limestone and shale are the major type of source rocks. [[Coal]] may also be considered as a so
    15 KB (2,331 words) - 19:12, 17 April 2019
  • Structural geology
    ...l sediments load and the low density layers - evaporites or over-pressured shale - that are formed during or right after the rifting process. Growth faults
    14 KB (2,168 words) - 21:31, 13 March 2019
  • Drilling a well
    ...happen where the earth stresses exceed the rock strength. Salt sections or shale sections at shallow depths containing water-sensitive clays are prone to th
    15 KB (2,385 words) - 15:05, 1 August 2016
  • Statistics overview
    ...serial layers in linear flow. Used for vertical permeability estimates in shale-free sands.
    16 KB (2,483 words) - 19:28, 19 January 2022
  • Basin-centered gas systems: evaluation and exploration strategies
    ...tigraphic sweet spots include sandstones within the Upper Cretaceous Lewis Shale in the Great Divide basin and the Frontier Formation along the structural c ...ded incentive prices and, later, tax credits for gas production from coal, shale, and low-permeability sandstone reservoirs in an attempt to stimulate the d
    34 KB (5,070 words) - 15:11, 23 August 2016
  • Subsurface diagenesis and its relation with diagenetic trap on carbonate rocks reservoir
    ...orm porous rocks facies either as [[lithofacies]] or biofacies surrounding shale, limestone or dolomite, as well as lenses containing residual carbonate org
    16 KB (2,395 words) - 21:18, 9 January 2024
  • Medical geology
    ...geology also probes into the benefits and banes of eating soil, clay, and shale—a practice called geophagy. Through the study of medical geology, however ...orado Springs by fluoride-enriched fractured and faulted Cretaceous Pierre Shale that underlies the spring ([[:File:UNN_Medical_Geology_Fig_2.png|Figure 2]]
    83 KB (12,860 words) - 14:03, 10 April 2019
  • Dolomite and dolomitization: Implications for reservoir characterization
    ...log response of dolostone / dolomite-rich carbonates can be lower than the shale baseline (Schlumberger, 1989; Rider, 1996). However, it can be high rarely Usually GR log is used to demarcate shale and non-shale (limestone, dolostone) lithology. However, within a carbonate succession, l
    38 KB (4,996 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
  • Kerogen
    ...Riegel, 1989, Evidence from phytoplankton associations for causes of black shale formation in epicontinental seas: Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontol
    17 KB (2,363 words) - 17:40, 9 February 2022
  • Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems
    ...ould have a depositionally flat datum (such as a [[bentonite]] bed, marine shale bed, or laterally persistent [[limestone]]). Sections should be oriented pa ...onal systems#Shoreline deposits|shoreface]] systems, time lines denoted by shale or silt breaks between shingled shoreface sheets and lenses are inclined in
    38 KB (5,198 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
  • Siliciclastic shorelines and barrier island reservoirs
    ...l parasequences is defined by a flooding surface that is commonly a marine shale. Shales can isolate individual parasequence shoreface cycles vertically, an
    18 KB (2,607 words) - 15:33, 15 January 2024
  • Influence of mechanical stratigraphy on deformation styles
    ...existence of certain layer arrangements consist of; weak underlying layer (shale or salt), strong middle layer (carbonate), and top cover layer (clastic) (F
    23 KB (3,162 words) - 17:28, 5 December 2023
  • Vaca Muerta play
    ...th 308 Tcf of recoverable natural gas) and the second most prospective oil shale (with 16.2 Bboe of recoverable oil), attracted the international companies, ...cremental new gas, significantly improving netbacks for companies with new shale gas and tight gas discoveries.
    77 KB (11,201 words) - 20:07, 15 January 2024
  • Petroleum basins of Turkey
    The Carboniferous sediment consists of prodelta and delta front shale, which contains in its lower part up to 8.03 wt % TOC. It has both Type II The upper part of the Carboniferous sediments consist of shale, sandstone, and a conglomerate of delta plain origin. This formation is pre
    52 KB (7,769 words) - 20:28, 18 January 2017
  • Thin section analysis
    ...ile]] [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lithic lithic] fragments such as [[shale]] or [http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/slate.htm
    24 KB (3,264 words) - 15:09, 24 January 2022
  • Subsurface maps
    ...many fields, [[Unconformity|unconformities]] are the location of sealing [[shale]]s and/or source rocks above reservoir pay. [[Subcrop map]]s, traces of pro
    22 KB (3,076 words) - 13:56, 24 January 2022
  • Basin-centered gas systems: global distribution
    ...=Ryderandzagorski_2003 /> and Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in the Bossier Shale<ref name=Montgomeryandkarlewicz_2001 /><ref name=Emmeandstancil_2002 /> in
    27 KB (3,753 words) - 14:53, 12 March 2019
  • Hammerfest basin
    ...Formation]]) environments. These rocks were overlain by the organic poor [[shale]]s of the [[Fuglen Formation]], which separates the Jurassic reservoirs fro
    23 KB (3,382 words) - 18:40, 10 January 2019
  • Three-dimensional modeling of clinoforms in shallow-marine reservoirs
    ...elated set of distributaries, resulting in the formation of a delta lobe.” Shale drapes and cemented concretionary layers occur along depositional surfaces ...ance and Vernal delta systems of the Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale in present-day Utah (after Cotter;<ref name=cttr>Cotter, E., 1976, The role
    113 KB (16,689 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
  • Relationship between porosity and permeability on fractured basement reservoir
    ...n value. There is an effort to combine the relation of grain diameter with shale fraction in some models for explain the data. With relation between petroph
    29 KB (4,601 words) - 16:09, 12 April 2016
  • Cuba: Geologic history
    ...interval, and mostly [[Carbonate|limestones]], [[Carbonate|marls]], and [[shale]]s accumulated, accompanied by some coarse [[Lithofacies and environmental
    30 KB (4,263 words) - 22:00, 23 January 2019
  • Sandstone sedimentology and stratigraphy
    ...ies showing general lithostratigraphy and sedimentary structures. 1, [[Oil shale]]; 2, trough [[cross-bedding]]; 3, tubular cross-bedding; 4, parallel beddi
    27 KB (3,802 words) - 19:32, 9 January 2024
  • Iran petroleum systems
    ...fluviatile reddish cross-bedded sandstone and mud-stone, shallow marine [[shale]] and [[dolomite]], generally organic-lean, which outcrop at the base of th
    27 KB (3,901 words) - 13:51, 26 January 2017
  • Subduction zone
    ...nts of oceanic and continental crust: ultramafic rocks, basalt, limestone, shale, and others.
    27 KB (4,033 words) - 20:52, 27 March 2019
  • Delta plain, subaqueous
    * Bruce, C. H., 1972, Pressured shale and related sediment deformation: a mechanism for development of regional c ...004/0650/0661.htm Relation of methane generation to undercompacted shales, shale diapirs, and mud volcanoes]: AAPG Bulletin, v. 58, no. 4, p. 661-673.
    60 KB (9,022 words) - 17:17, 21 March 2016
  • Diagenetically complex reservoir evaluation
    | Pressure and/or temperature decreases in fluids compacted out of bordering shale beds
    31 KB (4,171 words) - 18:22, 21 January 2022
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage
    ...logical setting. For example, analogs can be used to predict sand body and shale geometries, [[Connectivity_and_pore_throat_size#Connectivity|connectivities
    37 KB (5,487 words) - 21:14, 11 March 2019
  • Sill intrusion mechanism, parameters, and temperature effect of sills on a petroleum system
    ...a of basaltic lava of the Stormberg group and the underlying metamorphosed shale layers exerted pressure on the underlying strata that significantly exceede
    29 KB (4,365 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
  • Phanerozoic Tethys region
    ...ic continental deposits fringed a shallow water platform comprising both [[shale]]s and mixed [[siliciclastic]] and [[carbonate facies]].<ref name=Guiraudan ...onditions controlled the deposition of major source rocks, such as the Hot Shale during the Silurian. This unit reflects the environmental changes (warming
    79 KB (11,542 words) - 18:47, 19 July 2016
  • Great American carbonate bank, biostratigraphy
    ...hopariid trilobites of the Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary interval, Pioche Shale, southeastern Nevada]: Journal of Paleontology, v. 74, p. 604–630, doi:10
    58 KB (8,121 words) - 16:35, 1 August 2016
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