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  • Source rock richness
    {{Merge|Source rock}} | chapter = Evaluating source rocks
    1 KB (179 words) - 21:39, 4 February 2022
  • Types of source rocks
    #REDIRECT [[Source rock]]
    25 bytes (3 words) - 20:12, 17 September 2014
  • Source rocks
    #REDIRECT [[Source rock]]
    25 bytes (3 words) - 14:00, 24 January 2014
  • Evaluating source rock richness
    #REDIRECT [[Source rock richness]]
    34 bytes (4 words) - 13:51, 24 January 2014
  • Source rock
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks A '''source rock''' is a rock that is capable of generating or that has generated movable quantities of [
    4 KB (569 words) - 21:38, 4 February 2022
  • Petroleum system naming
    ...portant to identify a person, place, item, or idea. As geologists, we name rock units, fossils, uplifts, and basins. The name for a specific [[petroleum]] ...etroleum-systems_fig3-1.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}How a reservoir rock name is selected.]]
    3 KB (367 words) - 18:35, 25 January 2022
  • Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlation
    #REDIRECT [[Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation]]
    53 bytes (6 words) - 16:58, 29 January 2014
  • Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations
    #REDIRECT [[Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation]]
    53 bytes (6 words) - 16:58, 29 January 2014
  • Production Index (PI)
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...on can be accessed from the production index (PI). PI is calculated from [[Rock-Eval]] data:
    3 KB (364 words) - 16:10, 10 February 2022
  • Primary migration and compositional changes
    ...arger-molecular-weight compounds are preferentially retained in the source rock while the smaller compounds are expelled. The following factors favor oil expulsion from a source rock:
    3 KB (438 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
  • Porphyrins and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...orophyll]] and related compounds. They are found in virtually all oils and rock extracts, with the exception of [[condensate]]s that have lost their heavy
    3 KB (352 words) - 17:17, 13 April 2022
  • Hydrogen Index (HI)
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...ocks_fig6-14.png|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Decreasing HI trend for a source rock beginning to generate hydrocarbons at a depth of approximately 2200 m. Copy
    3 KB (409 words) - 15:33, 10 February 2022
  • Total organic carbon (TOC)
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks The amount of organic carbon present in a rock is a determining factor in a rock's ability to generate hydrocarbons.
    3 KB (428 words) - 16:33, 13 April 2022
  • Rock Eval analysis using hydrogen index (HI) and oxygen index (OI)
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...erogen|I]], [[Type II kerogen|II]], or [[Type III kerogen|III]] and if the rock will be oil or gas prone.
    3 KB (525 words) - 18:09, 9 February 2022
  • East Breaks petroleum system
    * [[East Breaks reservoir rock]] * [[East Breaks seal rock]]
    3 KB (378 words) - 18:45, 21 March 2022
  • Molecular parameter data for oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...lative or absolute abundance of specific molecules in an oil or a [[source rock]] extract.
    2 KB (294 words) - 21:02, 15 February 2022
  • Migration distance: vertical and lateral
    ...ource and reservoir, and geological estimation of the nearest rock unit of source quality. ...chemically]] to determine the [[Maturation|maturity]] of the [[Source rock|source]] from which it was derived. Using this information and an estimate of the
    3 KB (413 words) - 15:19, 14 February 2022
  • Rock-Eval pyrolysis
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...dioxide released is measured. The most widely used pyrolysis technique is Rock-Eval.
    4 KB (573 words) - 18:22, 8 February 2022
  • LECO method in estimating richness
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...on dioxide produced. The LECO method has almost totally been replaced by [[Rock-Eval pyrolysis]]. However, data may still be available from prior analysis.
    2 KB (354 words) - 15:49, 9 February 2022
  • Basin-centered gas systems
    ...clude [[source rock]], [[reservoir rock]], [[seal rock]], and [[overburden rock]]. Relevant processes include trap formation and the generation, expulsion, ...f systems, there may be hybrid systems in which gas-prone and liquid-prone source rocks have contributed to the development of a BCGA.
    4 KB (469 words) - 19:01, 14 March 2016
  • Petroleum system identification
    #* Identify the source using petroleum-source rock correlations. #* Locate the general area of the pod of active source rock responsible for the genetically related petroleum occurrences.
    2 KB (298 words) - 18:35, 25 January 2022
  • Tertiary migration
    ...ration|Migration]] to the surface, either from a [[reservoir]] or [[source rock]]. Also called dismigration.
    440 bytes (58 words) - 21:47, 25 June 2015
  • Expulsion efficiency estimation
    ...[[migration]] path. Only part of the oil and gas generated by the [[source rock]] is actually expelled; of the amount that is expelled, only a small amount ...encies for oil and gas can be as high as 70-80% for very rich, effective [[source rocks]] near preferential [[migration pathways]].
    4 KB (569 words) - 21:54, 14 February 2022
  • Petroleum system
    ...anddow_1994>Magoon, L. B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The petroleum system: From source to trap: [http://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-browse/aapg-special-volume A petroleum system encompasses a pod of active [[source rock]] and all genetically related oil and gas accumulations. It includes all th
    5 KB (634 words) - 17:54, 25 January 2022
  • Maturation
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...roperties|pore fluid chemistry]] can affect the thermal history and thus a rock's rate of maturation.
    3 KB (421 words) - 18:26, 9 February 2022
  • Tmax
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...orded during pyrolysis is T<sub>max</sub>, given in °C. [[:file:evaluating-source-rocks_fig6-6.png|Figure 1]] shows output from a pyrolysis analysis and when
    3 KB (411 words) - 21:19, 9 February 2022
  • Maps of hydrocarbon types: Gulf of Mexico example
    ...), each having a specific geographic distribution related to mature source-rock location and [[migration]] paths. We will focus on the High Island-East Bre ==Source table==
    5 KB (633 words) - 20:02, 18 February 2022
  • Charge volume
    ! Source rock factors || Migration factors # Calculate the volume of hydrocarbons generated by the [[source rock]], using the formula <math>\text{V} = \text{A} \times \text{T} \times \text
    6 KB (834 words) - 20:41, 14 February 2022
  • Oil correlation case histories
    ...correlative features, that is, features that result from original [[source rock]] input and not from secondary processes such as [[maturation]], [[migratio [[Category:Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations]][[Category:Geochemistry]]
    964 bytes (130 words) - 16:32, 24 June 2015
  • Petroleum source rock formation
    | title = Source and Migration Processes and Evaluation Techniques | chapter = Petroleum Source Rocks and Organic Facies
    2 KB (296 words) - 17:35, 13 April 2022
  • Using conventional well logs to estimate richness
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...tion of potential source rocks by wireline logs], in Merrill, R., K., ed., Source and Migration Processes and Evaluation Techniques: [http://store.aapg.org/d
    5 KB (768 words) - 15:48, 9 February 2022
  • Relationships between maturity and hydrocarbon generation
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...top of the oil window. However, this generality applies only if a [[source rock]] is composed of pure type II organic matter (marine kerogen).
    2 KB (220 words) - 16:10, 10 February 2022
  • Elemental parameter data for oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...ay]] of the North Sea also yield moderately high-sulfur oils, most clastic source rocks yield oils with less than 0.5% sulfur by weight. However, sulfur cont
    4 KB (571 words) - 17:34, 15 February 2022
  • East Breaks overburden rock
    ...of overburden rock provides a history of the rate of burial of a [[source rock]] toward and through the increasing temperature domains of the basin. This ...SEPM 9th Annual Research conference, p. 151–161.</ref> believe the source rock facies to be older than the Miocene slope mudstones.
    6 KB (929 words) - 19:41, 22 March 2022
  • Open- vs closed-system generation modeling
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...m''' models assume the hydrocarbons have not been expelled from the source rock and that all generated hydrocarbon phases are subject to further [[cracking
    3 KB (398 words) - 15:15, 14 February 2022
  • Oil correlation case history: West Siberian basin
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...tween one of the West Siberian Basin oil families and its suggested source rock.
    6 KB (950 words) - 13:46, 16 February 2022
  • Paleogeography
    ...ritical elements of hydrocarbon accumulation#Seal|seal]], or [[Source rock|source]] [[lithofacies]] by establishing the location of major geographic features
    2 KB (242 words) - 15:48, 1 March 2022
  • Pyrolysis gas chromatography
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks
    6 KB (817 words) - 18:19, 9 February 2022
  • Basin framework
    # Map age and location of [[source rock]]s. ==Source age, location==
    4 KB (518 words) - 16:42, 18 February 2022
  • Hydrocarbon migration
    .... [[Primary migration]] is expulsion of petroleum from fine-grained source rock, while [[secondary migration]] moves petroleum through a coarse-grained car * How does oil escape from the [[source rock]]?
    6 KB (865 words) - 14:33, 6 April 2016
  • Limitations of oil correlations
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations Oil–oil and oil–[[source rock]] correlations are most successful when the samples being compared are at t
    5 KB (784 words) - 15:28, 15 February 2022
  • Type I kerogen
    ...s.com/data/bulletns/2009/03mar/BLTN08076/BLTN08076.HTM Three common source rock evaluation errors made by geologists during prospect or play appraisals]: A Highly oil-prone organic matter having [[Rock-Eval pyrolysis]] [[hydrogen]] indices greater than 600 mg [[hydrocarbon]]\g
    1 KB (176 words) - 21:06, 6 July 2015
  • Fieldwork risk assessment
    ...the main risk might be thickness and [[porosity]] preservation. For source rock, the main risk might be organic richness and thermal maturity. * Source rock maturity
    2 KB (354 words) - 22:07, 1 February 2022
  • Petroleum system size
    ...overable hydrocarbons that originated from a single pod of active [[source rock]]. This total volume is used to compare against other [[petroleum]] systems ! Field Name || Discovery Date || Reservoir Rock || [[API gravity|API Gravity]] (°API) || Cum. Oil Production (x10<sup>6</s
    2 KB (317 words) - 19:15, 25 January 2022
  • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS): examples of correlations
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...nd Cooper;<ref name=ch08r53>Telnæs, N., and B. S. Cooper, 1991, Oil-source rock correlation using biological markers, Norwegian continental shelf: Marine a
    6 KB (775 words) - 21:49, 15 February 2022
  • Oil correlation case history: Zala basin, Hungary
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...r of oil families and the presence of [[source rock]]s, and to propose oil-source correlations. In this case study we discuss one of those correlations.
    7 KB (1,092 words) - 13:46, 16 February 2022
  • Type IV kerogen
    ...s.com/data/bulletns/2009/03mar/BLTN08076/BLTN08076.HTM Three common source rock evaluation errors made by geologists during prospect or play appraisals]: A Inert organic matter having [[Rock-Eval pyrolysis]] [[hydrogen]] indices below 50 mg [[hydrocarbon]]/g [[total
    1 KB (185 words) - 21:11, 6 July 2015
  • Type II kerogen
    ...s.com/data/bulletns/2009/03mar/BLTN08076/BLTN08076.HTM Three common source rock evaluation errors made by geologists during prospect or play appraisals]: A Oil-prone organic matter having [[Rock-Eval pyrolysis]] [[hydrogen]] indices in the range of 300 to 600 mg [[hydro
    1 KB (181 words) - 21:10, 6 July 2015
  • Paleogeography and prospect identification
    ...4, interpret the deposition of [[reservoir]], [[seal]], and [[Source rock|source]] facies and the formation of [[Stratigraphic trap|stratigraphic]] or [[com ...ssible [[migration]] avenues along which fluids could move from the source rock to the reservoir, from higher to lower pressure regimes. Such avenues might
    4 KB (491 words) - 14:27, 21 March 2022
  • Type III kerogen
    ...s.com/data/bulletns/2009/03mar/BLTN08076/BLTN08076.HTM Three common source rock evaluation errors made by geologists during prospect or play appraisals]: A [[Gas]]-prone organic matter having [[Rock-Eval pyrolysis]] [[hydrogen]] indices in the range of 50 to 200 mg [[hydroc
    1 KB (180 words) - 21:11, 6 July 2015
  • Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...ions are comparisons of (1) oils with other oils or (2) oils with [[source rock]] extracts to determine whether a genetic relationship exists. Correlations
    3 KB (422 words) - 22:05, 14 February 2022
  • Kerogen type and quality: visual assessment
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...te. In general, the more amorphous kerogen present, the more oil prone the rock is.
    2 KB (300 words) - 18:17, 9 February 2022
  • Hydrocarbon accumulation: the seven critical elements
    * [[Reservoir]] rock * [[Source rock]]
    5 KB (636 words) - 21:47, 1 February 2022
  • Activation energy
    ...ing to calculate the degree of transformation of [[kerogen]] in the source rock to oil and gas.<ref name=Petersetal_2012>Peters, Kenneth E., David J. Curry
    781 bytes (109 words) - 15:13, 23 August 2016
  • Surficial geochemistry: limitations and uncertainties
    ...malies can be caused by reworked [[hydrocarbon]]s and/or reworked [[source rock]]s. * A surface anomaly generally cannot be related to a specific [[Source rock|source]], [[reservoir]], or depth; however, [[Gas chromatography: data obtained|co
    3 KB (418 words) - 21:19, 24 January 2022
  • Mandal-Ekofisk(!) petroleum system
    ...ower Cretaceous source rock is the Mandal Formation. A positive oil-source rock correlation indicates a known system. ...on contains the source rock. The reservoir rock, seal rock, and overburden rock were deposited during the postrift period of sedimentation.
    9 KB (1,184 words) - 18:46, 3 March 2016
  • Van Krevelen diagram
    ...s.com/data/bulletns/2009/03mar/BLTN08076/BLTN08076.HTM Three common source rock evaluation errors made by geologists during prospect or play appraisals]: A ...e IV kerogen|IV]]. More common is the pseudo-Van Krevelen diagram, where [[Rock-Eval pyrolysis]] oxygen index ([OI] mg HC/g [[total organic carbon (TOC)|TO
    1 KB (194 words) - 15:46, 8 March 2016
  • Vitrinite reflectance
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...e of [[Thermal maturation#Vitrinite|vitrinite]] particles in a sedimentary rock. It is referred to as %R<sub>o</sub>. Results are often presented as a mean
    7 KB (970 words) - 14:28, 10 February 2022
  • Petroleum system concept: examples of application
    Linking the elements (source, reservoir, seal, and overburden) to the processes of [[petroleum]] geology ...tudies in petroleum exploration, in K. S. Johnson and B. J. Cardott, eds., Source Rocks in the Southern MidContinent, 1990 Symposium: Oklahoma Geological Sur
    7 KB (1,083 words) - 21:59, 25 January 2022
  • Seal and hydrocarbon yield estimates
    ...me of hydrocarbons]] that can be generated from a given volume of [[source rock]] and [[thermal history]]. These calculations are commonly calibrated by co ...bons may spill from adjacent traps rather than being directly derived from source kitchens.
    2 KB (316 words) - 18:20, 29 March 2022
  • Oil correlation
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...sts among a group of oil samples or between an oil and a proposed [[source rock]]. Positive correlations are always useful because they confirm some propos
    9 KB (1,313 words) - 22:06, 14 February 2022
  • Coalbed methane
    ...explosions in underground coal mines. [[Coal]] is the most abundant energy source in the Earth, and it should therefore be expected that large volumes of gas ...ures; coal serves as both the [[Source rock|source]] and the [[reservoir]] rock for the coalbed methane.
    5 KB (691 words) - 21:13, 19 November 2015
  • East Breaks source rock
    ...J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt II, and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gul ==Miocene source?==
    7 KB (1,080 words) - 17:44, 23 March 2022
  • Magnetotelluric survey case history: volcanic terrain (Columbia River Plateau)
    ...s over conductive sediments, which in turn overlie resistive [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] or [[Granite|granitic]] [[basement]] rocks. ...tellurics_fig16-8.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}13-station MT natural source survey profile. Drafted from data from Mills.<ref name=ch16r5>Mills, A., 19
    3 KB (359 words) - 15:15, 31 January 2022
  • Migration pathway
    The general flow of petroleum from a mature [[source rock]] to a trap can be estimated using a few simple [[assumptions]]: # Locate [[source rocks]] and map the location of the upper boundary of the oil and gas [[mat
    6 KB (889 words) - 16:50, 29 March 2022
  • Oil correlation case history: Norwegian sector, North Sea
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...of the [[North Sea]] more than twenty years ago. [[Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlation]]s are now reasonably well known and constrained for this regio
    8 KB (1,116 words) - 22:16, 15 February 2022
  • Basin-centered gas
    ...ocks. During the burial and thermal histories of these systems, the source rock differences between the two types of BCGSs result in strikingly different c
    3 KB (453 words) - 13:28, 10 March 2015
  • Oil correlation case history: Brazilian offshore basins
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...tting of the source(s) for the oil(s). It is often possible to predict the source of an oil from its chemical composition, as illustrated by this case study.
    8 KB (1,086 words) - 22:16, 15 February 2022
  • East Breaks critical moment
    ...r, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt, and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gul ...hange: SEPM Special Publication 42, p. 71–108.</ref> DOW represents source rock, generation, and critical moment estimates.<ref name=ch04r29 />]]
    5 KB (715 words) - 17:07, 23 March 2022
  • Fault seal and migration pathways
    ...|Migration pathway maps]] trace hydrocarbon movement between [[Source rock|source]] and trap within a complexly faulted field and between fields. Migration m
    2 KB (261 words) - 18:12, 29 March 2022
  • Taphonomy and provenance
    ...ence of [[sedimentary processes]], [[Tectonics|tectonic events]], sediment source areas, [[burial]] processes, and [[diagenesis]]. Reworked fossils, however, ...sms. A taphonomic study can help identify variations in ''provenance'', or source area, of fossil-bearing sediments.<ref name=ch17r55>Lawrence, D. R., 1979,
    3 KB (449 words) - 18:12, 31 January 2022
  • Coal
    Coal is a rock that contains greater than 50 wt. % organic matter. Most coals in North Ame ...owest cost [https://www.udemy.com/blog/types-of-fossil-fuels/ fossil fuel] source of energy; coal reserves are 5 times as large as either oil or gas reserves
    5 KB (737 words) - 14:52, 15 August 2016
  • Kerogen type and maturity
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...[[Petroleum generation|hydrocarbon generation]] stage of the [[Source rock|source]] intervals. A relationship must be established between maturity of the geo
    4 KB (503 words) - 14:18, 14 February 2022
  • Sequence stratigraphy analysis
    | title = Source and Migration Processes and Evaluation Techniques | chapter = Petroleum Source Rocks and Organic Facies
    4 KB (612 words) - 17:39, 13 April 2022
  • Hydrocarbon expulsion, migration, and accumulation
    ...zed” into the carrier bed due to the differential pressures between source rock and fluid in the carrier bed. The water remaining on the surfaces of the pores and pore throats of a rock after hydrocarbon has driven (drained) out the rest of the water is called
    6 KB (828 words) - 16:32, 4 April 2022
  • Spore coloration and thermal alteration indices (SCI and TAI): usage
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks * [[Evaluating source rock maturity]]
    3 KB (335 words) - 14:39, 10 February 2022
  • Isotopic parameter data for oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...Burwood;<ref name=ch08r2>Bordenave, M. L., and R. Burwood, 1990, [[Source rock]] distribution and [[maturation]] in the Zagros orogenic belt: provenance o
    6 KB (915 words) - 17:34, 15 February 2022
  • Kerogen type and hydrocarbon generation
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks [[file:evaluating-source-rocks_fig6-15.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}.Hydrocarbon generation vs
    5 KB (651 words) - 16:11, 10 February 2022
  • Factors that cause migration
    ...the surrounding formations. This factor is of prime importance in [[source rock]]s. ...in downward as well as upward [[Calculating charge volume|charging]] from source rocks.
    6 KB (918 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
  • Petroleum source rocks
    | title = Source and Migration Processes and Evaluation Techniques | chapter = Petroleum Source Rocks and Organic Facies
    12 KB (1,616 words) - 17:35, 13 April 2022
  • Ellesmerian(!) petroleum system
    ...]. Total organic carbon and assumed hydrogen indices from the marine shale source rocks indicate the mass of petroleum generated to be approximately 8 trilli ...ent. The limit is determined by the extent of the contiguous active source rock and the related petroleum [[accumulation]]s.
    10 KB (1,241 words) - 20:11, 25 January 2022
  • Structural fairway prospectivity
    * Presence of [[Source rock|source]] and reservoir facies
    3 KB (340 words) - 18:50, 3 February 2022
  • Petroleum exploration
    # Source Rock # Reservoir Rock
    15 KB (2,331 words) - 19:12, 17 April 2019
  • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS): limitations
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...aturation]], correlations of those biomarkers between an immature [[source rock]] and an oil can be very difficult. In such cases a strictly numerical appr
    8 KB (1,111 words) - 22:05, 15 February 2022
  • Type IIS kerogen
    ...s.com/data/bulletns/2009/03mar/BLTN08076/BLTN08076.HTM Three common source rock evaluation errors made by geologists during prospect or play appraisals]: A
    1 KB (205 words) - 21:10, 6 July 2015
  • Province, basin, system, play, and prospect
    ...], metamorphic, and/or sedimentary rock. The '''basin fill''' includes the rock matter, organic matter, and water deposited in this depression. In certain The '''petroleum system''' includes the pod of active source rock, the natural distribution network, and the genetically related discovered p
    6 KB (932 words) - 20:24, 25 January 2022
  • East Breaks petroleum geology
    ...of the [[petroleum system]]—especially the occurrence of probable [[source rock]], [[migration pathway]]s, and [[reservoir]]. ...eration]] history is controlled by the thermal gradient and [[overburden]] rock accumulation history, interpreted from both regional [[depocenter]] pattern
    4 KB (494 words) - 13:44, 5 December 2023
  • Geological fieldwork benefits
    ...stic velocity can advance the understanding of basin history, the [[source rock]] [[Lithofacies|facies]], and the [[seismic interpretation]]. Each data set ...ore, showing representative samples of [[Source rock|source]] or reservoir rock in a presentation can be very impressive. Rocks on a conference room table
    5 KB (771 words) - 21:12, 1 February 2022
  • Statistical analysis in oil correlation
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations [[file:oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-1.png|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Application of clust
    4 KB (520 words) - 22:06, 14 February 2022
  • Sandstone provenance and characterization
    ...h portion. Sedimentary rock is rock that formed by [[diagenesis]] of other rock that has been sedimented. The sandstone composed of sediment materials from ...ts composition.<ref name=Pettijohn1975>Pettijohn, F. J., 1975, Sedimentary Rock, 3rd ed.: Harper Row, New York, 628p</ref> Granules composed and bound by c
    10 KB (1,524 words) - 15:29, 14 March 2016
  • Migration by separate phase
    ...minant mechanism of primary [[hydrocarbon migration]]. Within the [[source rock]], the volume of hydrocarbons produced from [[kerogen]] increases until a c ...7r10>Pepper, A. S., 1991, Estimating the petroleum expulsion behavior of [[source rocks]]: a novel quantitative approach, in W. A. England, and E. J. Fleet,
    8 KB (1,155 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
  • Apatite fission track analysis
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...fission tracks can be used as a measure of the maximum temperature that a rock has been subjected to and provides information related to thermal history.
    7 KB (994 words) - 21:38, 4 February 2022
  • Petroleum system: geographic, stratigraphic, and temporal extent
    ...ent. It is defined by a line that circumscribes the pod of active [[source rock]] and all oil and gas [[seep]]s, [[Interpreting hydrocarbon shows|shows]],
    7 KB (969 words) - 19:14, 25 January 2022
  • Trap geometry: changes
    ...n an early duplex but displaces the accumulation relative to the reservoir rock. Modified from Mitra;<ref name=Mitra1986>Mitra, S., 1986, [http://archives. ...stippled area outlining the initial accumulation is fixed relative to the rock. The solid area on the lower figure marks the accumulation at the top of th
    6 KB (845 words) - 15:29, 1 February 2022
  • Seismic facies mapping
    ...ock types|seal rocks]], [[Reservoir quality|reservoir rocks]], or [[source rock]]s.
    3 KB (414 words) - 17:47, 4 February 2022
  • Electrical methods
    ...the subsurface can be interpreted in terms of soil characteristics and/or rock type and geological structure. Resistivity data are usually integrated with ...n are possible with some techniques and under some conditions. The natural source methods are applicable from depths of tens of meters to great depths well b
    15 KB (2,130 words) - 21:19, 19 January 2022
  • Siliceous microfossils
    ...widespread in the geologic record. Radiolarians are common in some marine source rocks. ...hydrocarbons (e.g.,[[ Monterey Formation]] of California). The changes in rock properties associated with silica diagenesis permit seismic definition of [
    5 KB (626 words) - 15:18, 31 January 2022
  • Temperature trap regime
    ...| Generative traps; High temperatures result in [[maturation]] of [[source rock]], which generates and expels sufficient volume of hydrocarbons to saturate
    2 KB (260 words) - 16:31, 13 April 2022
  • Practical suggestions for oil correlation
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...ations, largely because we seldom have samples from the effective (mature) source rocks themselves. Problems arise from variations in [[Lithofacies|facies]]
    5 KB (718 words) - 17:24, 15 February 2022
  • Postprimary migration and compositional changes
    ...ical similarity of reservoired hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons expelled from source rocks, however, indicates there is usually little compositional alteration ...long the migration path; (2) mixing [[migration]] streams from two or more source rocks; or (3) precipitation of [[asphaltenes]] and other high-molecular-wei
    5 KB (694 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
  • Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio
    ...ber et al.<ref name=Weber />). Note tapering of clay (black) away from the source bed and the compound nature of the clay smear in the fault zone. (No scale ...ale smear factor (SSF)<ref name=Lindsay /> given by fault throw divided by source-bed thickness. Methods (a) and (b) model the distance-tapering of shear-typ
    8 KB (1,307 words) - 16:05, 14 December 2016
  • East Breaks geochemistry
    ...r, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt, and J. M. Armentrout, 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gul ...ntial expulsion and migration of progressively more mature products as the source(s) passed through the oil window. Alternative interpretations are offered i
    5 KB (648 words) - 15:33, 23 March 2022
  • Micropermeable seal leakage
    Some fine-grained rocks, such as mature source rocks, are oil wet.<ref name=ch11r23>McAuliffe, C. D., 1980, [http://archiv ...difficult to analyze; however, accumulations apparently sealed by oil-wet source rocks have existed for tens to hundreds of millions of years, so at least i
    5 KB (742 words) - 17:11, 1 February 2022
  • Using a tectonic history model for petroleum system analysis
    ...ments of this sediment-starved basin. These rocks later became the primary source of oil and gas—some of which migrated to and is stored within porous zone ...[[migration]] of hydrocarbons from deeply buried mature Mesozoic [[source rock]]s upward into reservoir rocks of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Cenozoic age.
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  • Gas chromatography: data obtained
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations ...an be observed in these compound classes as a result of differences in the source material.
    22 KB (3,123 words) - 21:38, 15 February 2022
  • Stratigraphic predictions from computer simulation
    ...ns of potential organic-rich [[source rock]], [[seal]] rock, and reservoir rock. ...d, it can be used to infer the distribution of source, seal, and reservoir rock between well control and beyond into undrilled areas.
    7 KB (895 words) - 16:18, 24 March 2022
  • Formation-scale migration pathways
    ...bed-parallel vs. bed-perpendicular multiphase fluid flow in a wavy bedded rock. After Ringrose and Corbett.<ref name=ch07r11>Ringrose, S. P., and P. W. M. ...g/dartmouth06/engs150/14-multi.pdf multiphase fluid flow] in a wavy bedded rock. The water saturations need to be much lower in bed-perpendicular flow to a
    3 KB (478 words) - 15:19, 14 February 2022
  • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS): procedures
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations [[file:oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-21.png|thumb|300px|{{figure number|1}}Three SIM mass chro
    6 KB (894 words) - 21:38, 15 February 2022
  • Kerogen
    | chapter = Evaluating source rocks ...the dominant factor in determining the types of organic matter found in a rock. Only two types of organic matter are found in rocks: land derived and aqua
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  • Migration by solution in water
    ...ach a concentration level equal to half the concentration of a nondepleted source. Copyright: Krooss;<ref name=Krooss1987>Krooss, B. M., 1987, Experimental i ...ach a concentration level equal to half the concentration of a nondepleted source is shown in [[:file:migration-of-petroleum_fig7-5.png|Figure 2]].
    6 KB (915 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
  • Age model chart
    ...h depositional sequence lets us calculate geologic rates, such as rates of rock accumulation and burial and thermal heating rates of the stratigraphic sect Sedimentary-basin-analysis_fig4-32.png|{{figure number|3}}Rock thickness vs. time plot for nine key wells south of east- ern Louisiana wit
    13 KB (1,871 words) - 20:06, 24 February 2022
  • Organic compounds: environmental indicators
    | chapter = Oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations oiloil-and-oilsource-rock-correlations_fig8-23.png|{{figure number|1}}m/z 217 mass fragmentograms fro
    22 KB (3,123 words) - 21:39, 15 February 2022
  • Organic facies
    | title = Source and Migration Processes and Evaluation Techniques | chapter = Petroleum Source Rocks and Organic Facies
    17 KB (2,472 words) - 17:39, 13 April 2022
  • Interpreting gravity measurements
    ==Rock densities== The range of densities for all rock types ([[igneous]], metamorphic, and sedimentary) is typically 1.60–3.20
    5 KB (725 words) - 18:00, 24 January 2022
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Songliao and Junggar Basins
    ...loration potential of tight oil in the Permian saline lacustrine dolomitic rock, Junggar Basin, NW China: Petroleum Exploration and Development Online, vol ...from the Lucaogou Formation shales in the Jimsar Sag and by analyzing the source rocks, reservoirs, and oil-bearing layers, lithofacies distribution and lit
    6 KB (850 words) - 17:56, 20 December 2023
  • Geothermal energy
    ...use of geothermal energy, although considerable now and possibly a sizable source of heat in the future, is not included in the following discussion. The dis ...of the heat in the Earth cannot be considered a potential economic energy source, unless it is concentrated enough and hot enough when close to the Earth's
    13 KB (1,918 words) - 18:12, 2 April 2019
  • East Breaks hydrocarbon generation model
    ...J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt, and J. M. Armentrout II, 1990, Miocene oil source beds in the East Breaks basin, Flex-Trend, offshore Texas: Proceedings, Gul Miocene source beds, if present, would be actively generating and expelling oil and gas at
    6 KB (850 words) - 15:33, 23 March 2022
  • Tethys region
    ...North Africa, respectively) in the Permian, which led to “pots” of source rock across the Tethyan Margin. ...06], p. 29-57.</ref> Numerous proven and potential source-reservoir-[[seal rock]]s of Paleozoic age exist across the margin.<ref name=Kendalletal_2014 /> <
    23 KB (3,325 words) - 14:52, 1 August 2016
  • New Albany Shale, Illinois Basin, southwestern Indiana
    ...(Ro) ranging from < 0.5% to 1.5% (Figure 3), and it is the primary source rock for traditional clastic and carbonate reservoirs in the Illinois Basin. The ...completed by Endeavor Energy Resources LP and two wells completed by Hard Rock Drilling in Kentucky produced both oil and gas. These six wells produced 23
    7 KB (1,107 words) - 21:50, 4 March 2022
  • China Shale Gas & Liquids - Bohai Bay Basin
    ...marily in fluvial environment (Ma et al., 2017). The main petroleum source rock, Shahejie Formation, overlies the Paleocene Kongdian Formation and underlie ...us shale and carbonates. The Ek2 shale is in overall good-very good source rock containing Type I-II kerogen, in average of 3.6% TOC, and at the oil-mature
    8 KB (1,251 words) - 15:51, 14 March 2022
  • Top seal displacement pressure
    ...) is the pressure necessary to force hydrocarbons into the pore space of a rock and form a continuous hydrocarbon filament.<ref name=ch10r67>Schowalter, T. ...ondon, Graham and Trotman, p. 193–207.</ref> Organic-rich sediments may be source, seal, and oil wet.
    4 KB (530 words) - 15:56, 31 March 2022
  • Sediment thickness and field location maps: Gulf of Mexico example
    ...d, L. M. Wenger, and S. C. Harrison, 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and migration within an integrated hydrocarbon system study, northern Gulf ...were generated and provide an estimate of the potential number of [[source rock]]s within the area (see [[:file:Sedimentary-basin-analysis fig4-5.png|Figur
    5 KB (753 words) - 19:58, 18 February 2022
  • Plate tectonic studies
    ...structural trap development and other hydrocarbon systems events, such as source, seal, and reservoir deposition ...17287900456 Plate tectonic history, basin development and petroleum source rock deposition onshore China]: Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 4, p. 205–2
    4 KB (601 words) - 18:22, 2 February 2022
  • Depocenter
    ...eformation]], and [[thermal maturation]] of potential hydrocarbon [[source rock]]s. Delineation of these depocenters is the second step in basin analysis. * variations in [[source rock]] [[maturation]],
    6 KB (811 words) - 16:50, 22 February 2022
  • Mapping paleogeography
    ...for deposition of [[Reservoir quality|reservoir]], [[seal]], and [[source rock]]s can be ascertained from paleogeographic maps.
    3 KB (346 words) - 20:13, 4 February 2022
  • East Breaks seal rock
    * [[East Breaks reservoir rock]] * [[East Breaks overburden rock]]
    5 KB (662 words) - 14:48, 19 December 2023
  • Hydrocarbon reservoirs associated to layered intrusive bodies
    Magma is defined as a molten rock, which behaves as a viscous liquid generated multiple tectonic processes. T ...relating the fluid pressure with the decrease in resistance of the country rock with increasing depth . Notice how the anisotropy of the medium magnify the
    10 KB (1,475 words) - 16:29, 4 April 2019
  • Barnett shale play
    ...ion of the Bend arch–Fort Worth Basin province showing the distribution of source rocks, reservoir rocks, and seal rocks of the Barnett-Paleozoic Total Petro ...mary source for petroleum in the Fort Worth Basin, and has been the source rock of oil and gas for other conventional reservoir systems in the basin such
    6 KB (909 words) - 19:24, 14 March 2019
  • Interpreting hydrocarbon shows
    ...t of oil or gas with a continuous connection through the pore network of a rock | In [[kerogen]] || Oil or gas present in [[source rock]] || Oil liberated from kerogen in the [[Petroleum generation|oil generatio
    8 KB (1,130 words) - 17:09, 5 April 2022
  • Mowry Shale, Powder River Basin, Wyoming
    ...hale is ranges in thickness from 150 to 250 ft and is a significant source rock for the Cretaceous reservoirs in the Powder River Basin.
    4 KB (677 words) - 17:14, 22 December 2023
  • The gravity method
    ...face, in aircraft, and in boreholes.<ref name=pt07r31>LaFehr, T. R., 1983, Rock density from [[borehole gravity]] surveys: Geophysics, v. 48, p. 341, DOI: ...ced on the rock densities, depth, or dimensions of the proposed geological source and the residual anomaly is “inverted” to find a possible geological so
    6 KB (854 words) - 16:19, 20 January 2022
  • Austin Chalk, Tokio, and Eutaw Formations, U.S. Onshore Gulf Coast (USGS)
    ...eservoir rocks (Austin Chalk, Tokio and Eutaw Formations outlined in red), source rocks (Eagle Ford Group and Smackover Formation - not shown), and seals (An ...ne indicates the onset of pandemic-related production declines in the U.S. Source: U.S. EIA<ref name=EIA>U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2020: Petrol
    6 KB (846 words) - 20:58, 6 April 2021
  • Full waveform acoustic logging
    ...oustic logs measure only the P (compressional) wave traveltime through the rock. Full waveform acoustic logs, however, provide a large amount of other info ...of lower frequency, centered at 5 to 10 kHz rather than at 20 kHZ; (2) the source-receiver spacing is longer, on the order of [[length::10 ft]] (3.05 m); and
    10 KB (1,530 words) - 20:47, 19 January 2022
  • Fault trap regime
    ...lateral closure by sealing the reservoir. || Tilted fault block; Block of rock bounded on one or more sides by normal faults. Rotation traps hydrocarbons | Horst; Block of rock bounded on all sides by normal faults.
    5 KB (740 words) - 16:04, 13 April 2022
  • Deltaic environments
    ...area of significant tidal or marine influences. Unfortunately, in ancient rock sequences, only faunal evidence can be used to separate these major compone ...The highly wave-reworked delta sequences are often devoid of major source rock deposits and often do not form in structure settings that result in major t
    9 KB (1,310 words) - 19:47, 12 January 2016
  • Migration rate
    ...is the least permeable shale and the expulsion rate of hydrocarbons in the source. However, the migration rate of a nonwetting separate phase through barrier * Expulsion from the [[source rock]]
    6 KB (877 words) - 19:33, 14 February 2022
  • Drive mechanisms and recovery
    ! Energy Source ...3.png|Figure 3]]). Additional energy is obtained from the expansion of the rock and its associated water.
    16 KB (2,374 words) - 20:46, 19 January 2022
  • Silurian Qusaiba shales
    ...hwest and east-central Saudi Arabia: Effect of burial history and adjacent rock lithology on the gas potential of the Silurian Qusaiba Shales ...ovician]]-[[Silurian]] [[Glaciation]] and [[Deglaciation]] (Qusaiba shales source rocks deposition)
    18 KB (2,569 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
  • Surficial geochemical interpretation guidelines
    ...e source rock facies and maturity as well as permit correlation with known source rocks and reservoired petroleum. ...Near-surface evidence of migration of natural gas from deep reservoirs and source rocks]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 65, p. 1543–1550.</ref> and Thrasher et al.<r
    8 KB (1,128 words) - 22:24, 31 January 2022
  • Reservoir engineering
    Reservoir rock have many lithologies like sandstones, limestones, granitic, tuff, and shal ...static pressure that associated reservoir system. Pressure from overburden rock also press the pore and increase the fluid pressure.
    14 KB (2,122 words) - 17:33, 7 March 2016
  • Superimposed sea level cycles
    ..., J., N., Colbeaux, J., P., Vidier, J., P., 1995, Sequence stratigraphy of source rocks applied to the study of the Kimmeridgian/Tithonian in the North-West ...udstone-dominated transgressive deposits can provide potential hydrocarbon source rocks, especially in the third-order transgressive phases composited within
    11 KB (1,469 words) - 15:06, 5 January 2024
  • Vaca Muerta, La Luna Shale, South America
    ...rta-Figure2.png|Figure 2]]). While each of these units is a proven source rock across multiple plays, the Vaca Muerta is widely regarded as the most proli ...oic stratigraphic chart of the Neuquén basin including main reservoirs and source intervals, as well as the 5 major tectonic stages of the Mesozoic. Modifie
    11 KB (1,644 words) - 16:14, 11 May 2023
  • East Breaks deep-water exploration strategy
    ...to optimize prediction of sandstone and hydrocarbon occurrence. Calibrate rock/physics models with local well data. ...ovement vs. the modeled timing of hydrocarbon expulsion from active source-rock volumes in communication with the fault.
    6 KB (902 words) - 16:00, 24 March 2022
  • Seismic data acquisition on land
    * Source—some means of transmitting acoustic energy into the subsurface * Receivers—a means of gathering the energy as it is reflected by changes in rock properties in the subsurface
    10 KB (1,389 words) - 16:20, 20 January 2022
  • Fluid inclusions: analysis and applications
    ...rage composition of the various charges. Fluid inclusions entrapped within rock matrix and healed fractures during diagenesis and trap filling offer a uniq ...luid may contain liquid, solid, and gaseous phases, depending on the fluid source and the pressures–temperatures experienced and the composition of the ent
    20 KB (2,691 words) - 21:06, 21 April 2022
  • Basin-centered gas systems: elements and processes
    ==Source rocks== ...sourced directly from gas-prone, humic coal beds in the Lance, Almond, and Rock Springs formations, with a minor contribution from the [[cracking]] of oil
    20 KB (2,949 words) - 18:24, 6 April 2016
  • Paleontology
    ...nd thus play a role in predicting the location of [[reservoir]]s, [[source rock]]s, and [[pinch out|pinch-out]] of porous strata. ...20name&filter=casing%20point casing points] and depth to [[maturation]] of source rocks. For example, casing points are important for engineering decisions w
    17 KB (2,331 words) - 20:11, 10 August 2016
  • Selecting a surficial geochemistry survey method
    ...ocarbons, can provide insight into the nature and maturity of the [[source rock]] that generated these hydrocarbons. ...[[Wikipedia:Magnetotellurics#Controlled_source_electromagnetics|controlled source audio magnetotellurics [CSAMT]]], resistivity, [[magnetotellurics]] [MT]);
    6 KB (809 words) - 17:05, 25 January 2022
  • Sea level cycle order
    ...tion and type of reservoir and seal and the location of potential [[source rock]]s. ...rves. The list below suggests a procedure for determining cycle order of a rock sequence.
    7 KB (982 words) - 21:20, 23 February 2022
  • Great American carbonate bank
    ...t or near the Sauk-Tippecanoe [[unconformity]], in association with source rock and seal; however, production can occur in strata many hundreds of feet bel ...f its scientific and economic value, thousands of feet of core and related rock and reservoir information is available for GACB carbonates.
    5 KB (768 words) - 18:39, 1 August 2016
  • Cross-borehole tomography
    ...cross-borehole-tomography-in-development-geology_fig1.png|Figure 1]]). The source and receivers each occupy a number of stations, usually regularly spaced ov ...seismic Q-factor can also be imaged in the reservoir. Since the number of source/receiver pairs is usually in the thousands, data acquisition can be a slow
    14 KB (2,060 words) - 20:51, 19 January 2022
  • Amplitude (seismic)
    ...that represents contrast of acoustics impedance on the boundary of bedding rock on a geophone.<ref name=Abdullah>Abdullah, A., 2007, [http://ensiklopedisei ...urce is shot into subsurface. Then, the wave propagate and is reflected on rock boundary. After that, the wave that is reflected propagates with different
    8 KB (1,291 words) - 15:49, 18 January 2017
  • Basin modeling: identifying and quantifying significant uncertainties
    ...ed with basin models typically include questions regarding burial history, source [[maturation]], hydrocarbon yields (timing and volume), [[hydrocarbon migra ...ness of each unit controls the relative amount of each rock type (see bulk rock properties) and controls the depth and, therefore, temperature and maturity
    38 KB (5,890 words) - 15:16, 23 August 2016
  • Drilling a well
    ...revents it from getting too hot because of friction, and lifts the drilled rock cuttings up the hole. It should be dense enough to overbalance any high-pre ...through the nozzles in the drill bit, cools the bit, and acts to lift the rock cuttings up to the surface.]]
    15 KB (2,385 words) - 15:05, 1 August 2016
  • Fracture trap regime
    ...ovided by change from fractured reservoir to unfractured or less fractured rock or by change from open, permeable fractures to cement-filled or narrow-aper | rowspan = 3 | Overpressuring || [[Source rock]] [[maturation]]
    7 KB (895 words) - 16:04, 13 April 2022
  • Pay determination
    .... This concept of pay links the physical characteristics of the reservoir (rock properties, fluid saturations, and capillary behavior) to the economic aspe A ''reservoir rock'' is any porous and permeable rock capable of ''potentially'' containing hydrocarbons in its pore system. This
    13 KB (1,799 words) - 19:01, 20 January 2022
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration
    ...he next 25 to 50 years. The burning of fossil fuels is, however, the major source of anthropogenic (man-made) carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Carbon dioxide ...tured CO<sub>2</sub> is then transported, typically via pipeline, from the source to the geological storage site; next, the CO<sub>2</sub> is injected deep u
    11 KB (1,644 words) - 21:07, 26 March 2015
  • Iran petroleum systems
    ...climatic conditions and resulted in the accumulation of excellent [[source rock]]s in localized depressions when [[anoxic]] conditions prevailed. ...Neocomian part of the Garau Formation is organic-rich and acted as source rock.]]
    27 KB (3,901 words) - 13:51, 26 January 2017
  • Libya hydrocarbon provinces
    ...er [[Cretaceous]] sections, rich in [[type II kerogen]], form the [[source rock]]s for the petroleum and gas in these basins. ...ambrian to Eocene. The Upper Cretaceous Sirt [[Shale]] is the major source rock. It represents a thick sequence that accumulated in major [[graben]]s while
    17 KB (2,361 words) - 16:19, 30 January 2017
  • Structural lead and prospect delineation
    | Source facies || * Mechanical testing of rock (fracture potential)
    4 KB (511 words) - 18:50, 3 February 2022
  • Biostratigraphic applications in hydrocarbon exploration
    ...al maturity and highlight the possibility of having self-generating source rock strata. ...tween organic particles, and their potential for hydrocarbon generation in source rocks.. Generally, the structured terrestrially-derived organic debris of l
    14 KB (1,899 words) - 21:03, 21 April 2022
  • Barmer basin
    ...ri, M. Jha, A. K. Sinha, A. K. Jain, N. Kumar, et al., 2002, The effective source rocks in the Cambay basin, India: [http://http://archives.datapages.com/dat ...roleum Geoscience, v. 21, p. 301–321.</ref> detail the aspects of the main source rocks and their properties. The [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpub
    24 KB (3,528 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
  • Thermal maturation
    Many of the elements of basin modeling programs—maturation of source rocks, reservoir [[diagenesis]], and [[porosity]] evolution—are affected ...m infrared spectroscopy]] (FTIR), biomarkers, spectral fluorescence, and [[Rock-Eval pyrolysis]].
    8 KB (1,113 words) - 18:10, 24 January 2022
  • Coal bed methane (UB)
    ...BM can be used as energy alternative beside hidrocarbon. Coal that used as source CBM provides 25% world energy. CBM resources predicted about 9000 TCF, main Coal is a [[sedimentary]] rock with rich organic material that compacts in the coalification process. Coal
    5 KB (839 words) - 17:19, 28 March 2019
  • Oil and condensate analysis
    | Oil quality and source | Unknown source rock for oil
    14 KB (2,013 words) - 16:48, 20 January 2022
  • Covenant field
    ...ig1.png|thumb|400px|{{figure number|2}}Generalized stratigraphic column of rock units the Covenant field area. The Lower Jurassic Navajo Sandstone is the | colspan = 4 | Source rocks: [[Carboniferous]]; migration: Cretaceous to early Tertiary
    6 KB (897 words) - 19:39, 14 February 2017
  • Palynofacies and kerogen analysis
    ...n in a sequence-stratigraphic framework to help recognize reservoir–source rock geometry. ...son, J., 1983, Methods of palynological preparation for paleoenvironmental source potential and organic maturation studies, in Costa, L., ed., Palynology-Mic
    6 KB (805 words) - 18:09, 24 January 2022
  • Systems tracts and trap types
    ...emipelagic mudstones, which serve as seal and sometimes potential [[source rock]]. Traps are often stratigraphic, but postdepositional [[deformation]] that ...he sand-prone deposits, providing good top seal and often potential source rock to the underlying sands. However, because of the landward-stepping characte
    9 KB (1,239 words) - 16:58, 24 February 2022
  • Burial destruction
    .... Falloon, and W. R. Taylor, 1987, Mantle-derived magmas—roles of variable source peridotite and variable C-H-O fluid compositions, in Mysen, B. O., ed., Mag ...Texas, had a 30-minute methane flare at over [[depth::13,000 ft]] depth in rock described as [[dolomite]] and calcite marble with graphitic inclusions.<ref
    11 KB (1,525 words) - 18:50, 1 February 2022
  • Fault seal analysis for reservoir development
    ...of fluid <ref name=Watts_1987>Watts, N., 1987, Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns: Marine and P ...hysical parameters of the claystone do not allow fluid to pass through the rock.
    14 KB (2,146 words) - 19:35, 13 September 2022
  • Making regional tectonic maps
    ...eralized depth to basement (approximately the base of Jurassic sedimentary rock) ...eath the load of more than [[distance::14 km]] (>45,000 ft) of sedimentary rock. (For additional discussion of the structural framework, see Jones and Free
    8 KB (1,069 words) - 20:03, 18 February 2022
  • Oilfield water analysis
    * Determine its source ...s filtered because it must be free of suspended matter that might plug the rock pores or coat the faces of the grains. This matter might be bacteria or alg
    7 KB (1,011 words) - 16:57, 20 January 2022
  • Density-neutron log porosity
    The combination of the density and neutron logs provides a good source of [[porosity]] data, especially in formations of complex lithology. Better ...electrons and scatter. A detector, located a fixed distance from the tool source, counts the number of returning gamma rays. The number of returning gamma r
    12 KB (1,763 words) - 16:18, 5 April 2022
  • Surficial geochemistry and hydrocarbon detection methods
    ...soil gas geochemistry in petroleum exploration], in Merrill, R., K., ed., Source and Migration Processes and Techniques: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx? ...d to be present in significant concentrations if there were no hydrocarbon source present, such as from a hydrocarbon seep or microseep. Helium, by contrast,
    10 KB (1,443 words) - 16:08, 25 January 2022
  • Making regional structural cross sections
    ...sediment downbuilding and consequent displacement of salt. Mature [[source rock]]s occurring between the deeply rooted diapirs could yield hydrocarbons abl ...t Section SEPM 14th Annual Research conference, p. 127–139.</ref> Maturing source rocks of Mesozoic and early Tertiary age can yield hydrocarbons that may mi
    7 KB (970 words) - 20:33, 18 February 2022
  • Rock-water reaction
    | chapter = Rock-water reaction ...lling]], [[completion]], [[stimulation]], or [[enhanced recovery]] fluids. Rock-fluid reaction can occur from any of the following operations:
    17 KB (2,356 words) - 19:24, 19 January 2022
  • Rock-water reaction: formation damage
    | chapter = Rock-water reaction: formation damage ...aneous drilling, completion, [[stimulation]], or enhanced recovery fluids. Rock-fluid reaction can occur from any of the following operations:
    17 KB (2,380 words) - 18:23, 21 January 2022
  • Basin-centered gas systems: examples
    ...cia-Gonzales, M., D. B. MacGowan, and R. C. Surdam, 1993, Coal as a source rock of petroleum and gas-a comparison between natural and artificial maturation ...ry coal beds and carbonaceous shales in the Fort Union, Lance, Almond, and Rock Springs formations. Organic matter is largely gas-prone type III [[kerogen]
    25 KB (3,445 words) - 19:01, 14 March 2016
  • East Breaks hydrocarbon migration model
    ...d, L. M. Wenger, and S. C. Harrison, 1995, Seismic imaging and analysis of source and [[Hydrocarbon migration|migration]] within an integrated hydrocarbon sy ...ossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/g/geopressure.aspx geopressured] ][source rock]]s along the sediment/salt interface with sea-floor seepage forming hydrate
    10 KB (1,376 words) - 16:00, 23 March 2022
  • Llanos basin
    ...re 1]]). This basin is a [[foreland basin|foreland]] with several [[source rock]]s in a [[siliciclastic]] sequence and numerous [[hydrocarbon]] accumulatio ...eum system]] elements, that is, the [[reservoir]]s, the potential [[source rock]]s, and the regional top [[seal]]. On the left, a [[stratigraphy|stratigrap
    23 KB (3,247 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
  • Factors that oppose hydrocarbon migration
    ...ies of the [[Pore system fundamentals|pore system]], the mineralogy of the rock, and the properties of the hydrocarbons. These factors determine the prefer ...may need to be exceeded before hydrocarbons can migrate from the [[source rock]]. Sorption by kerogen is dominant over that of mineral phases.
    8 KB (1,133 words) - 15:16, 14 February 2022
  • Structural restoration
    In structural geology, restoration is the process of reversing rock deformation in the subsurface through time, which can be achieved by using ...acting petroleum system elements such as reservoir distribution and source rock burial depth. Dynamic restoration models as such can aid the understanding
    17 KB (2,335 words) - 17:14, 13 October 2022
  • Vibro-sesismic to increasing the production rate of coal bed methane
    ...ll be wrapped in each vibration cycle and must reaplacement from eksternal source, if the stabil vibration is hold. Although single pysic stucture can save k ...bout core syntesis, vibration stimulation can repair the characteristic of rock physic that increase the porocity (φ) until 15.3% and absolute pearmeabili
    11 KB (1,551 words) - 16:49, 11 January 2016
  • Sandstone sedimentology and stratigraphy
    ...l]] as well as vertical changes within the reservoir and within individual rock units. These changes result in variations in porosity, fluid distribution, Sandstone is most significant type of petroleum reservoir rock in over 60% of the world’s giant fields; composed of mainly [[quartz]] an
    27 KB (3,802 words) - 19:32, 9 January 2024
  • Paleoclimatology
    ...R., and G. Klapper, 1992, Paleoclimate, controls on Upper Devonian source rock sequences and stacked extinctions (abs.), in S. Lidgard, and P. R. Crane, e
    5 KB (657 words) - 18:11, 31 January 2022
  • Amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis
    ...e corrections must compensate for (1) irregular [[source strength]], (2) [[source array]] effects, (3) [[inelastic attenuation]], (4) [[transmission loss]] e ...the geology. These corrections are distributed among the surface terms of source, receiver, and offset, plus a single subsurface (CDP or geological) term.
    12 KB (1,723 words) - 18:41, 20 January 2022
  • Subduction zone
    ...e sea-floor causes decompression, triggering partial melting of the source rock. Generation of oceanic crust in MOR enables it to be the youngest crust mak ...mposition. Lower continental crust requires seismic observations since the rock is not exposed on the surface. Seismic velocity, ranging from 6.5 – 7.6 k
    27 KB (4,033 words) - 20:52, 27 March 2019
  • Identifying sea level cycle phase with biostratigraphy
    ...resandstone, sandstone, and postsandstone intervals, based on the dominant rock type and the pattern of fossil abundance and [[Fossil assemblage|biofacies] ...ofacies distribution for potential reservoir rock, seal rock, and [[source rock]]. Part A is a presandstone interval map, showing a basinward excursion of
    11 KB (1,548 words) - 16:58, 24 February 2022
  • Cross-well electromagnetic tomography monitoring of fluid distribution
    ...tive of using this technology is to distinguish between different types of rock pore fluids by using the fluid conductivity analogy as a determining factor ...donated as the background conductivity of the medium (σ<sub>b</sub>). The source receiver sensitivity between the wells are measured by perturbing a small v
    18 KB (2,715 words) - 18:29, 8 February 2024
  • Quartz
    ...01.jpg|300px|thumb|{{figure number|1}}Plot of modern beach sands and their source terranes shows how the amount of nonundulatory, undulatory, and polycrystal ...rovide clues to the provenance of the grains, but quartz is common to most rock types other than basalts (see the table below). Semicomposite and polycryst
    8 KB (1,127 words) - 20:21, 23 January 2019
  • Oil shale
    An oil shale is defined as a fine-grained sedimentary rock that contains a high proportion of endogenous organic matter ([[kerogen]]) The potential of an oil shale as a source of energy depends on the economic recoverability of oil (and gas) from it.
    6 KB (893 words) - 19:01, 14 March 2016
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
    ...en using a series of electro-optical lens elements. The combination of the source and the lens elements is called the electron column. ...{figure number|4}}SE2 (a) and BSE1 (b) image of a cross section of a shale rock. Note that the contrast between carbonate (ca) and silica (si) grains is mu
    16 KB (2,441 words) - 20:24, 23 January 2019
  • Kingfisher field
    ...land Formation contains coal-bearing and mudstone-rich sediments of source rock quality within the oil and gas windows within the area of the Kingfisher fi ...lds (Tiffany, Toni, and Thelma). These proximal fan-apron systems were the source of sand-rich turbidity currents that fed finer grained clastic material int
    16 KB (2,358 words) - 16:28, 11 January 2024
  • Sill intrusion mechanism, parameters, and temperature effect of sills on a petroleum system
    ...f basins in which embedded magmatic bodies (sills) are present in the host rock has been demonstrated in the Siberian Platform, South America (Amazonas, So ...is not directly related to the subsidence of the sedimentary cover / host rock .
    29 KB (4,365 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
  • Basin-centered gas systems: development
    ...ypical western interior basins in non-marine Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous source rocks and the occurrence of oil and gas in the west central U.S.:Rocky Moun ..., ''in'' J. Woodward, F. F. Meissner, and J. L. Clayton, eds., Hydrocarbon source rocks of the greater Rocky Mountain region: Rocky Mountain Association of G
    34 KB (4,772 words) - 14:44, 12 March 2019
  • Yowlumne field
    ...ed in the area since 1864. Because Stevens oils derive from Monterey Shale source rocks, Yowlumne is part of a Monterey-Stevens petroleum system (Graham and ...Formation, an organic-rich shale that is considered to be the main source rock for most of the oil produced from the basin.
    13 KB (1,896 words) - 19:02, 11 March 2019
  • Morphometric and particle analysis
    ...esults show promise for interpreting paleoenvironments, identifying source rock intervals, estimating thermal maturity of sediments, and refining biostrati
    5 KB (718 words) - 20:59, 31 January 2022
  • Geologic mapping (UGM)
    * Distribution of rock units or formations ...hould be checked in the field. Steps for determination of strike or dip of rock layers through a topographic map are as follows:
    29 KB (4,733 words) - 15:34, 15 January 2024
  • SEM, XRD, CL, and XF methods
    ...antitative evaluation of mineralogy is generated. A fixed wavelength X-ray source such as copper X-ray tubes, which have a 1.54A wavelength, is used to irrad Determination of bulk rock mineralogy is obtained from combined diffraction analysis of bulk powder an
    11 KB (1,477 words) - 15:25, 24 January 2022
  • Petroleum basins of Turkey
    ===Source rocks=== ...f them, oil to source rock correlations have been made, and for one oil to source correlation is not certain yet. Three of them are dated as Middle, Late Cre
    52 KB (7,769 words) - 20:28, 18 January 2017
  • Super basins
    ...ets of the clinoforms can be associated with deep-water shales with source rock potential and associated turbidites that might act as reservoirs. ...ich petroleum source rocks, GeoExPro, v. 6, no. 6, p. 16–22. </ref> Source rock mapping can enhance productive super basins evaluations, potentially identi
    27 KB (3,791 words) - 19:35, 11 October 2022
  • Overview of routine core analysis
    ...ir character. Properly analyzed cores provide data available from no other source; these data should provide direct evidence of the presence, quantity, distr At depth, reservoir rock contains some combination of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons and water. The
    14 KB (2,121 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
  • Israel petroleum systems
    ...|| Reservoir Type || Hydrocarbon Type || Trap Type || Source Rock || Seal Rock || Produced by 2001 (MMBO &/or BCFG) || Recoverable Resources (MMBO &/or BC
    10 KB (1,276 words) - 21:00, 19 July 2016
  • Open hole tools
    ...on || Does not work in barite mud, is a pad device, and uses a radioactive source ...feldspars, and radioactive minerals associated with [[igneous rock]]s and rock fragments. The gamma ray response is used for correlation of formations bet
    23 KB (3,350 words) - 17:26, 18 January 2022
  • In-situ stress characterization and applications
    ...can vary within one rock mass from one location to another due to varying rock properties. It is important to determine the magnitude and direction of in- ...tephanson<ref name=AmadeiStephansson>Amadei, B., and O. Stephansson, 1997, Rock stress and its measurement: Amsterdam, Netherlands, Springer Dordrecht, 490
    28 KB (4,031 words) - 15:49, 28 November 2022
  • Jordan petroleum geology
    ...abia, v. 4, no. 2, p. 157–180.</ref> In Jordan, this mid-Cretaceous source rock level is thermally immature over large areas, except where deeply buried, a ...nic field on the Arabian plate (Jordan): A mixed lithosphere-asthenosphere source activated by lithospheric extension: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, no. 9, p.
    16 KB (2,310 words) - 15:13, 19 January 2017
  • Critical elements application: Niobrara example
    ...ect to be successful. Since the Niobrara Formation is its own oil [[source rock]], there is no [[Drive mechanisms and recovery#Water drive|bottom water]];
    7 KB (962 words) - 16:03, 18 February 2022
  • The Neuquén Basin: Sequence Stratigraphy of Vaca Muerta Formation
    ...mally adopted the name Vaca Muerta Formation for the most important source rock of the Neuquén Basin. ...carbonate ramp (Vaca Muerta Formation): A misunderstood exceptional source rock in the Southern Mendoza area of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina: Sedimentary
    16 KB (2,490 words) - 15:32, 8 January 2021
  • Petrophysical analysis of Sorrento field wells
    ...d, even though it had the thinnest reservoir. This is because it contained rock with large pore throats ([[Characterizing_rock_quality#What_is_r35.3F|r<sub ...iable and widely applicable in water-wet reservoirs, there is at least one source of potential error: the assumption that there are no lithologic changes tha
    7 KB (956 words) - 17:24, 11 April 2022
  • East Breaks reservoir rock
    * [[East Breaks seal rock]] * [[East Breaks overburden rock]]
    13 KB (1,771 words) - 17:24, 5 December 2023
  • Mudstones
    ...; influence the flow of groundwater and hydrocarbons; serve as hydrocarbon source, reservoir, and seal; and host strata-bound resources. Advancing technology ...heir key attribute of grain size, in direct analogy with other sedimentary rock names such as “sandstone” and “limestone.” The following are the ke
    16 KB (2,352 words) - 18:46, 4 December 2023
  • Eagle Ford Group in southwest Texas (USGS)
    ..., calcareous lower Eagle Ford. The Turonian upper Eagle Ford also contains source potential. It is calcareous in much of the play area, but contains more sil ...s. Notable publications from the USGS include several on Eagle Ford source rock geochemistry and thermal maturity trends<ref name=French />; <ref name=Jubb
    11 KB (1,594 words) - 19:15, 8 February 2024
  • Thelma field
    ...meridge Clay Formation), which act as both [[seal]] and principal [[source rock]] to the Brae Play. The Brae trend itself comprises a series of relatively ...urce rock]]. Middle Jurassic [[coal]]s and organic shales may be secondary source rocks.
    17 KB (2,614 words) - 19:14, 17 January 2022
  • Data: sources
    The mud loggers also collect bags of rock cutting samples at regular intervals while the well is being drilled. These ...e. On occasions, large pieces of full-diameter core are used for measuring rock properties instead of small core plugs. This can be a more meaningful way o
    43 KB (6,686 words) - 13:44, 18 March 2019
  • Quick-look lithology from logs
    ...t logs for lithological purposes are those that are (1) most influenced by rock properties and (2) least influenced by fluid properties. The most useful of ...cant in [[reservoir fluids]], whereas they are important components of the rock system, especially of clay minerals. [[Basic open hole tools#Gamma ray|Gamm
    25 KB (3,637 words) - 19:39, 18 January 2022
  • Bakken and Three Forks Formations, Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana (USGS)
    ...ower shale member, 2) middle Bakken member, and 3) upper shale member. The source rocks of the system are the organic-rich upper and lower shales of the Bakk ...onnenberg>Jin, H., and S. A. Sonnenberg, 2013, Characterization for source rock potential of the Bakken Shales in the Williston Basin, North Dakota and Mon
    11 KB (1,595 words) - 20:20, 2 June 2021
  • Tectonostratigraphic history
    ...d thick, organic-rich shales accumulated in lowoxygen environments (source-rock types 6 and 7).
    7 KB (1,044 words) - 16:34, 22 February 2022
  • East Breaks hydrocarbon accumulation model
    ...gher maturity oil, migrating upward from the deeply buried active [[source rock]] that is not yet specifically identified (see Anderson<ref name=ch04r1>And
    8 KB (1,015 words) - 16:59, 23 March 2022
  • Basin-centered gas systems: evaluation and exploration strategies
    .... Mroz, 1999, Natural fracturing in horizontal core near a fault zone: The Rock Island Unit 4-H well, Green River basin, Wyoming: Integrating geoscience an ...ndirect BCGAs have not been formulated, although it is obvious that source rock considerations, level of [[thermal maturation]], and temporal relationships
    34 KB (5,070 words) - 15:11, 23 August 2016
  • Show evaluation
    * Detection of formation [[Natural gas|gas]] or [[Oil as an energy source|oil]] ...included as zero gas. Gas from the formation is due to the crushing of the rock as it is being drilled and typically has a low volume. These gas readings a
    18 KB (2,670 words) - 18:21, 21 January 2022
  • Sequence stratigraphy
    ...trend directions and (2) improved methods for predicting reservoir system, source, and sealing facies away from well control.<ref name=ch21r47>Van Wagoner, J ...et al.<ref name=ch21r47 /> define sequence stratigraphy as “… the study of rock relationships within a chronostratigraphic framework of repetitive, genetic
    8 KB (1,093 words) - 21:21, 3 February 2022
  • Shale-gas resource systems
    ...> and secondary migration into nonsource horizons juxtaposed to the source rock(s).<ref name=W&L1984 /> Certainly additional migration away from the resour
    73 KB (10,728 words) - 18:16, 11 January 2024
  • Structural play geology
    * Missing time and rock section ...t uplift and subsidence || Tectonic activity can cause changes in sediment source [[Wikipedia:Terrane|terranes]], bathymetry, and depositional environment, r
    18 KB (2,422 words) - 14:21, 2 February 2022
  • Hammerfest basin
    ...hat resulted in such faults could also have influenced the overlying [[cap rock]]s. Field evidence of [[fluid]] transport along fault intersections is pres ...case histories], in P. Boult and J. Kaldi, eds., Evaluating fault and cap rock seals: AAPG Hedberg Series 2, p. 237–245.</ref>; Løseth et al., 2009<ref
    23 KB (3,382 words) - 18:40, 10 January 2019
  • Basin-centered gas systems: global distribution
    ...tting], ''in'' L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The petroleum system-from source to trap: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id=1022 AAPG Memoir 60], p. 25- ...in-centered gas accumulations in the Pacific Northwest-a potentially large source of energy (abs.): AAPG Annual Meeting Program, v. 3, p. 194.</ref> Law<ref
    27 KB (3,753 words) - 14:53, 12 March 2019
  • Cuba: Geologic history
    ...m seeps, many of them coming out of [[Wikipedia:Basic_rock|basic]] igneous rock, have attracted much attention. ...rtheastern part originated from the northeast. Structural complexity makes source direction hard to evaluate.
    30 KB (4,263 words) - 22:00, 23 January 2019
  • Ti in zircon geothermometer
    Once a rock has been collected, zircons are extracted using a series of techniques such ...metrically dated zircons with known melt temperatures from the surrounding rock. This Ti-in-zircon measurement can be done several times in zoned zircons,
    16 KB (2,328 words) - 22:11, 3 December 2015
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage
    ...ty), and the timing of availability of depleted fields with respect to the source of CO<sub>2</sub>.<ref name=Bradshawandrigg_2001>Bradshaw, J., and A. J. Ri ...s because the trapping mechanism is by adsorption as opposed to storage in rock pore space. The CO<sub>2</sub> is preferentially adsorbed onto the coal [[W
    37 KB (5,487 words) - 21:14, 11 March 2019
  • Wattenberg field
    ...al source rock thickness in Wattenberg is 200 to 250 ft (>2 wt.% TOC). The source beds are dominantly Type II with some Type III kerogen present. ...nberg also illustrated along with approximate drilling depths. SR = source rock.
    72 KB (10,249 words) - 20:06, 15 January 2024
  • FWhitehurst sandbox
    ...rock http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/cap-rock * controlled source audio magnetotellurics Wikipedia:Magnetotellurics#Controlled_source_electro
    22 KB (3,024 words) - 21:42, 19 December 2014
  • Shale-oil resource systems
    ...and Niobrara formations with juxtaposed organic-lean units to organic-rich source rocks are considered part of the same shale-oil resource system. Thus, thes ...stulated that as much as 70 to 80 mg oil/g TOC is retained by organic-rich source rocks, thereby limiting producibility in the absence of open fractures or e
    97 KB (14,873 words) - 19:53, 11 January 2024
  • Seismic interpretation
    ...h to this surface is a function of the thickness and velocity of overlying rock layers. The second is the shape of the reflection, which includes how stron * Seismic facies maps for reservoir, source, or seal analysis
    10 KB (1,520 words) - 18:48, 21 January 2022
  • Forward modeling of seismic data
    ...model by a lower interval velocity and lower density than the surrounding rock (see [[Porosity]]). ...Virtual explosive sources are placed along all reflecting interfaces, with source strength proportional to the normal incidence reflection coefficient at tha
    10 KB (1,513 words) - 21:16, 19 January 2022
  • Biostratigraphy in sequence stratigraphy
    ...anding the temporal and areal distribution of [[reservoir]], [[Source rock|source]], and [[seal]] rocks.
    16 KB (2,247 words) - 19:23, 24 January 2022
  • Carbonate reservoir
    ...res can create widespread connectivity in an otherwise heterogenous matrix rock || Can form thief zones with rapid water breakthrough ...fying fine-grained sediments || Pervasive cements can significantly reduce rock properties and connected volumes
    38 KB (5,571 words) - 15:31, 16 January 2024
  • Mudstone nomenclature
    ...tcrops, cores, and thin sections. This naming scheme is based on three key rock attributes: texture, bedding, and composition. This scheme has been designe * They link rock properties of economic interest to key economic variables: total organic ca
    58 KB (8,391 words) - 19:46, 20 February 2024
  • Iraq petroleum geology
    ...foredeep, as proven by small fields and large seeps that are located where source rocks are absent or immature for oil or gas generation. ...Precambrian Pan-African [[orogeny]], although no wells reach the basement rock in Iraq. Bouguer gravity values are low in the northeast, presumably due to
    78 KB (7,926 words) - 16:25, 30 January 2017
  • Facies map
    ...ography]], from which we can predict [[reservoir]], [[seal]], and [[source rock]] distribution. Facies maps are made at an [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/i
    15 KB (2,070 words) - 20:34, 7 July 2016
  • Risk: expected value and chance of success
    # ''What is the probability (or confidence) that '''[[reservoir rock]] '''is present, of sufficient [[porosity]] and [[permeability]] to be prod ...e factor deals with such questions as the volumetric adequacy of petroleum source rocks, the generation of oil and/or gas, the migrational pathways to the si
    22 KB (3,173 words) - 19:27, 19 January 2022
  • Biostratigraphic correlation and age determination
    A biostratigraphic zone is a body of rock defined or characterized by its fossil content.<ref name=ch17r65>North Amer ...s and floras) may enhance local correlations and help us identify sediment source. Generally, where in situ fossils are relatively abundant, reworked fossils
    11 KB (1,595 words) - 18:09, 24 January 2022
  • Dolomite and dolomitization: Implications for reservoir characterization
    ...ation (Tucker and Wright, 1990). Dolomite is dominantly a marine mineral / rock but it can also be formed in continental environments e.g., karst and lakes ...cker and Wright, 1990). On a local scale, dolomitized sediments can be the source of magnesium i.e. Mg2+ originally present in or adsorbed by Mg-calcites, bi
    38 KB (4,996 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
  • Australia, Northern TerritoryVelkerri Formation, Beetaloo Sub-basin
    ...esults summarized by Hall et al.<ref name=Hll /> indicate excellent source rock potential for the oil-prone organic-rich intervals of the Velkerri Formatio
    11 KB (1,597 words) - 15:02, 9 January 2024
  • Faults: structural geology
    ...ing wall is the rock volume above the fault plane, and the footwall is the rock volume that lies beneath it ([[:file:M91Ch13FG81.JPG|Figure 3]], [[:file:M9 .... J. Richards, 1997, Restoration and balance of complex folded and faulted rock volumes: Tectonophysics, v. 273, no. 3–4, p. 203–218.</ref> If this can
    63 KB (9,496 words) - 16:51, 15 January 2024
  • Deep-water marine reservoirs
    ...bmarine fans of the UK North Sea with the Kimmeridge Clay Formation source rock for the province, e.g., the Magnus and Claymore fields.<ref>Shepherd, M., C
    20 KB (2,850 words) - 15:33, 15 January 2024
  • Depositional environments
    ...stem, we can know the depositional environments of sediment or sedimentary rock. ...s flow is also associated with landslide, the landslide is commonly as the source of sediments for debris flow. Stream-flow processes are the principal trans
    26 KB (3,851 words) - 20:38, 28 February 2019
  • Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems
    ==Rock description== ...s are controlled, in large part, by the original sedimentary fabric of the rock.
    38 KB (5,198 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
  • Lithofacies maps
    ...etin, v. 88, no. 8, p. 1123-1147.</ref> The latter is a particularly vivid source of information ([[:file:M91Ch11FG69.JPG|Figure 1]]). Geologists working on A useful source of data comes from modern-day sedimentary analogs where shallow borehole da
    21 KB (3,139 words) - 16:54, 6 April 2016
  • West Texas Super Basin
    ...me=Fairhrst2016a>Fairhurst, B., 2016a, Resource reservoirs and hydrocarbon source rocks defined by depositional time-intervals and tectonic basin type, conti ...aused by the maturation of organic material to hydrocarbons, especially in source rocks but were quickly depleted when pressure was equalized to normal hydro
    157 KB (23,278 words) - 18:36, 16 January 2024
  • Reservoir simulation study
    ...on purposes]]). A simulation study requires description of the reservoir's rock and fluid properties, validation of completion and production history, and ...ith a broad degree of latitude. Development geologists are the most likely source of quality control for the reservoir description developed and modified for
    19 KB (2,711 words) - 17:48, 21 January 2022
  • Deltaic reservoirs
    ...oil or mixed oil and gas where sandstones interfinger with a marine source rock.<ref name=Gallowayandhobday_1996>Galloway, W. E., and D. K. Hobday, 1996, T ...7–158.</ref> For example, Tye et al.<ref name=Tyeetal_1999 /> gave average rock property values for the various [[lithofacies]] associations within the Ivi
    34 KB (4,776 words) - 18:18, 5 January 2024
  • Vaca Muerta play
    ...r saturation 20%), the most adequate geomechanical properties (homogeneous rock with Young’s Modulus <4 Mpsi, low Poisson Ratio ~0.25, and interfaces wit ...tional targets ([[:file:M125-VacaMuerta-Figure1.jpeg|Figure 1]]); (2) four source rocks (Los Molles, Vaca Muerta, Pilmatué, and Agua de la Mula formations;
    77 KB (11,201 words) - 20:07, 15 January 2024
  • Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets
    Another source of insight within our solar system is the history of the planet Earth, whic ...s of strain, representing the mechanical pulverization of coarse grains of rock into finer grains. In such models, damage is balanced by “healing”, or
    19 KB (2,736 words) - 12:59, 14 March 2019
  • Appalachian Basin Marcellus gas play
    ...y, the organic-rich Marcellus Shale, although recognized as a major source rock, was not a significant hydrocarbon producer in the Appalachian Basin. This ...ability, thermal maturity, pore pressure, depth, gas show characteristics, rock mechanics, natural fracturing, and structural complexity. A key component o
    89 KB (13,415 words) - 19:16, 16 January 2024
  • Delta plain, subaqueous
    ...sts of clean, well-sorted sand and thus is obviously a potential reservoir rock for hydrocarbons. The remaining finer grained suspended load carried by the ...ttings, and they must therefore form prominent sand bodies in many ancient-rock deltaic sequences. Major literature associated with these types of features
    60 KB (9,022 words) - 17:17, 21 March 2016
  • South Viking Graben
    ...ne Formation]] in Norway). The KCF-Draupne Formation is the major [[source rock]] and is the most significant [[seal]] for trapped Brae Play hydrocarbons.
    23 KB (3,562 words) - 19:06, 17 January 2022
  • Medical geology
    ...ere is excess concentration of a particular element such as arsenic in the rock/soil, the health of the consumer is equally at risk.<ref name=S&F2011>Selin ...ems in the victims.<ref name=Skinner>Skinner, H. C. W., 2007, The Earth, a source of health and hazards: An introduction to medical geology: Annual Review of
    83 KB (12,860 words) - 14:03, 10 April 2019
  • Subsurface maps
    ...nconformity|unconformities]] are the location of sealing [[shale]]s and/or source rocks above reservoir pay. [[Subcrop map]]s, traces of productive zones, ba ...s coning|water coning]], [[directional permeability]] or channeling, and [[Rock-water reaction: formation damage|formation damage]].
    22 KB (3,076 words) - 13:56, 24 January 2022
  • Great American carbonate bank, biostratigraphy
    ...l for interregional correlation. By expanding the concept to define a time-rock unit representing the total stratigraphic range of any of several character ...afranca, I., R. M. Easton, and D. E. Owen, 2009, Do GSSPs render dual time-rock/time classification and nomenclature redundant?: Stratigraphy, v. 6, p. 135
    58 KB (8,121 words) - 16:35, 1 August 2016
  • Phanerozoic Tethys region
    ...eography]] of oceanic and continental areas, which favored the creation of source rocks, and the geodynamic evolution of Pangea and the Tethys Oceans during ...ch shales (Lower Silurian “hot shales”) which represent the most important source rocks in North Africa and one of the major in the Arabian peninsula.<ref na
    79 KB (11,542 words) - 18:47, 19 July 2016
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