Search results

• Pressure detection
  ...pore pressure in low [[permeability]] rocks causes them to stress relieve or “cave” into the borehole ...d sand body enclosed by the shale, whatever fluid it contains (water, oil, or gas), will share the same pressure. The fact that overpressures have been m
  16 KB (2,450 words) - 21:42, 20 January 2022
• Open hole tools
  * '''Geological setting''', which may include structural or stratigraphic [[dip]], facies characteristics, and reservoir heterogeneitie ...b>mf</sub>) to that of the formation water (''R''_w) reaches 1.0 or more. If there is no contrast in the mud filtrate and formation water salin
  23 KB (3,350 words) - 17:26, 18 January 2022
• East Breaks hydrocarbon migration model
  ...th Annual Research conference, p. 139–150.</ref> or the lower [[Tertiary]] or Upper [[Jurassic]] as suggested by Gross et al.<ref name=ch04r40>Gross, O. ...r beds (2). Pathway 3 consists of a fault intersection of either pathway 1 or 2 and the vertical migration along fault-associated [[fracture]] conduits w
  10 KB (1,376 words) - 16:00, 23 March 2022
• Barnett Shale (Mississippian), Fort Worth Basin, Texas
  ...activity, but for the past few years there are usually no more than a rig or two working in the play.
  3 KB (414 words) - 22:15, 2 June 2021
• Seal capacity and two-phase hydrocarbon columns
  ...is possible to trap a thicker two-phase hydrocarbon column than oil alone or gas alone.<ref name=ch10r92>Watts, N., L., 1987, Theoretical aspects of cap
  3 KB (445 words) - 20:56, 31 March 2022
• Pressure prediction: reconstructing burial history
  ...of a play area gives an estimate of vertical displacement by either burial or faulting of at least an order of magnitude of measurement. A pressure-depth
  3 KB (408 words) - 17:56, 17 February 2022
• Tmax
  ...ween maturation indicators and hydrocarbon generation from kerogens.</ref> or kerogen containing high sulfur concentration and is not a reliable indicato
  3 KB (411 words) - 21:19, 9 February 2022
• Economics: global supply and demand
  ...ntermediate good occurs as a result of the demand for another intermediate or final good. Supply is the amount of a product that producers and firms are
  9 KB (1,388 words) - 15:38, 14 March 2019
• Capillary pressure
  * An approximation of the recovery efficiency during primary or secondary recovery. ...|300px|thumb|{{figure_number|2}}The wetting phase rises above the original or free surface in the capillary tube experiment until adhesive and gravitatio
  23 KB (3,315 words) - 16:59, 19 January 2022
• Borehole gravity
  ...solution in the measurement of density over intervals of [[length::10 ft]] or more (less than 0.01 g/cm³), surveys requiring closer vertical r ...and [[depth::6370 ft]] suggests porosity obscured by near-borehole effects or poor volume sampling. However, the broad departure of the BHGM and gamma-ga
  10 KB (1,517 words) - 15:54, 20 January 2022
• Natural hydraulic fracturing example, North Sea
  ...s close to the [[Geostatic and lithostatic pressure|lithostatic pressure]] or overburden pressure.
  3 KB (430 words) - 19:46, 30 March 2022
• Top seal ductility estimation
  ...tory data and log-derived density values that reflect the compaction state or (2) by comparing the strains in tested traps associated with successes and ...sity vs. depth. The figure shows the ductility of each shale at that depth or confining pressure, with ductile samples shown by gray circles and brittle
  7 KB (1,000 words) - 15:22, 30 March 2022
• Isotopic parameter data for oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations
  ...ratios are usually measured on carbon but sometimes are measured on sulfur or hydrogen. ...). Less commonly, carbon isotope ratios are measured on the distillate and/or chromatographic fractions. For oil-[[source rock]] correlations, isotope ra
  6 KB (915 words) - 17:34, 15 February 2022
• Primary migration and compositional changes
  * [[Kerogen types|Type I or 2 kerogen]]
  3 KB (438 words) - 15:17, 14 February 2022
• Fracture threshold in the real world
  ...re equals or exceeds P_f only when the pore pressure is equal to or greater than the lithostatic stress. Fracture occurs when P_f equ
  6 KB (930 words) - 15:49, 30 March 2022
• Biostratigraphy in sequence stratigraphy
  ...or by providing the necessary age constraints on [[magnetostratigraphic]] or [[Stable isotope stratigraphy|isotope stratigraphic]] interpretations. When ...is frequently much more reliable than [[Seismic data|seismic reflectors]] or [[Basic open hole tools|well log]] picks. Correlation across [[growth fault
  16 KB (2,247 words) - 19:23, 24 January 2022
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration
  ..., the CO₂ is captured at the source, which can be a power plant or other industrial facility; the captured CO₂ is then transported, ...ine, although the CO₂ could also be transported by truck, rail, or in the case of a geological storage site located offshore, ocean tanker.
  11 KB (1,644 words) - 21:07, 26 March 2015
• Taxes
  ...paid when the oil and gas are produced regardless of the amount of profit (or loss), and ''income taxes'', which are paid on the amount of profit (called ...e depletion calculation. If the G & G costs do not lead to the acquisition or retention of a property, then these costs can be expensed in the taxable ye
  16 KB (1,909 words) - 15:01, 24 January 2022
• Open- vs closed-system generation modeling
  ...ed 1-D basin [[modeling]] software are typically presented as either open- or closed-system yields. '''Open-system''' models are based on the assumption
  3 KB (398 words) - 15:15, 14 February 2022
• Migration distance: vertical and lateral
  ...etermined. The change in maturity with depth is estimated from measurement or [[modeling]]. Detailed geochemical studies of extracts, including [[Wikiped
  3 KB (413 words) - 15:19, 14 February 2022
• Types of wells
  ...ribed in the following text. A particular [[well type]] may be best suited or most economic in the efforts to drain a specific configuration of hydrocarb ...tion is to sidetrack a well. This is where a well has already been drilled or partly drilled and there is a need to exit out of one side of the well to a
  22 KB (3,567 words) - 17:20, 11 March 2019
• Niobrara & Codell of the Denver-Julesburg Basin
  ...arbon production from the four states was collected and aggregated using R or manual methods (R Core Team, 2020) and visualized with ggplot2 (Wickham, 20 ...ing and end of the year. No rigs ran in Nebraska or Kansas in the Niobrara or Codell (Westwood Global Energy Group). Operators focused on optimizing prod
  9 KB (1,412 words) - 21:46, 3 March 2022
• Magnetotelluric survey case history: volcanic terrain (Columbia River Plateau)
  ...ediments, which in turn overlie resistive [[Metamorphic rock|metamorphic]] or [[Granite|granitic]] [[basement]] rocks.
  3 KB (359 words) - 15:15, 31 January 2022
• Normal hydrostatic pressure gradients
  * Fluid phase—gaseous or liquid
  3 KB (428 words) - 10:24, 17 March 2022
• Geostatic and lithostatic pressure
  To calculate weighted averages, use [[length::1000 ft]] or [[length::300 m]] increments.
  3 KB (402 words) - 14:47, 16 February 2022
• Buoyancy forces in reservoir fluids
  ...arbons migrate into a trap, the buoyancy force exerted by the lighter oil (or gas) will push the water that was previously in the pore space sideways and ...the mercury effectively enters the pore network is termed the displacement or entry pressure.<ref name=Vavra1992 /> Lower entry pressures are found in th
  8 KB (1,182 words) - 20:27, 3 March 2016
• Depositional environments
  ...depositional system, we can know the depositional environments of sediment or sedimentary rock. ...sediments form in lake and glacial sediments form in ice- covered mountain or slope. Each kinds of terrestrial environments will be explaned more below :
  26 KB (3,851 words) - 20:38, 28 February 2019
• Hydrogen Index (HI)
  ...decreases with depth. Inconsistencies due to changes in [[organic facies]] or the chemistry of the [[source rock]] can produce shifts in the HI data whic
  3 KB (409 words) - 15:33, 10 February 2022
• Porosity
  ...ly called pore volume, to bulk volume and is reported either as a fraction or a percentage. Almost all hydrocarbon reservoirs are composed of sedimentary ...includes all void space regardless of whether the pores are interconnected or isolated. There is no practical ''way'' in the laboratory to measure isolat
  24 KB (3,450 words) - 19:09, 20 January 2022
• Quick-look lithology from logs
  ...These three shapes can be subdivided into smooth (relatively homogeneous) or serrate (with interbedded thin shales). * Clay added later due to [[bioturbation]] or mechanical infiltration at the top of a gravel may create a bell shape.
  25 KB (3,637 words) - 19:39, 18 January 2022
• Seismic facies mapping
  ...different rock types|seal rocks]], [[Reservoir quality|reservoir rocks]], or [[source rock]]s.
  3 KB (414 words) - 17:47, 4 February 2022
• 3-D seismic data: proportional slices and volume visualization
  ...be made to accommodate situations where there is [[growth fault|growth]], or differential deposition, in an interval between two interpreted horizons. F
  3 KB (457 words) - 19:32, 27 January 2022
• Contouring geological data with a computer
  ...ne or more contoured maps form the basis of detailed analysis of potential or actual reservoirs and are used to estimate volumes of fluids contained with ...e to their complexity and the samples are highly biased to geophysical and/or geological anomalies. Therefore, values of a variable across an area of int
  25 KB (3,597 words) - 20:49, 19 January 2022
• Organic compounds: environmental indicators
  ...Biomarkers for geologists: AAPG Methods in Exploration 9, 91 p.</ref> and/or more oxidizing conditions<ref name=ch08r39>Peters, K. E., and J. M. Moldowa ...5</sub> homohopanes are associated with carbonates<ref name=ch08r59 /> and/or more reducing conditions.<ref name=ch08r39 /> Unusually large amounts of th
  22 KB (3,123 words) - 21:39, 15 February 2022
• Basin-centered gas systems: elements and processes
  ...Association of Geologists Guidebook, P. 469-490.</ref> concluded that all, or most, of the gas in low-permeability reservoirs in the Greater Green River ...range from marine to nonmarine. Reservoirs are gas-saturated, with little or no producible water, and are [[downdip]] from water-bearing reservoirs ([[:
  20 KB (2,949 words) - 18:24, 6 April 2016
• Using and improving surface models built by computer
  ...ed surfaces. Few if any algorithms effectively model complex surface forms or surfaces with sparse data. ...by-computer_fig3.png|Figure 3]]). The general steps are (1) build a first- or second-order trend surface through the data, (2) back interpolate from the
  40 KB (6,039 words) - 20:49, 19 January 2022
• Tectonic modeling
  ...rect analysis of various aspects of natural structures is either difficult or impossible. Physical models are constructed from rocks or a variety of materials including clay, sand, and putty.
  16 KB (2,083 words) - 21:28, 2 February 2022
• Eolian reservoirs
  ...lying belts or depressions. These areas may be subjected to either erosion or deposition. In wetter conditions, [[alluvial]] fans may extend outwards fro ...orm compound dunes. The term draa has been used to refer to large compound or complex dunes.<ref name=Kocurek_1996>Kocurek, G., 1996, Desert eolian syste
  19 KB (2,690 words) - 18:42, 1 August 2016
• Facies map
  ...ution of reservoir-system thickness and field location and (2) to identify or predict locations with thick reservoirs and trapping conditions that are un ...=1 shelf]-[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/continental+slope slope] break or structurally controlled bathymetric highs.
  15 KB (2,070 words) - 20:34, 7 July 2016
• Trap leakage
  ...s of [[Seal capacity of breached and hydrocarbon-wet seals|oil-wet seals]] or by capillary pressure of the reservoir exceeding displacement pressure of t
  3 KB (445 words) - 16:58, 1 February 2022
• Intact membrane seal leakage
  * The seal is ruptured or altered.
  3 KB (475 words) - 17:08, 1 February 2022
• Drill stem testing
  ...a temporary completion of a wellbore that provides information on whether or not to complete the well. The zone in question is sealed off from the rest ...flow rate is not obtained (also, the well can flow to the surface but die or be shut-in before steady-state rates are achieved). Analysis of flowing DST
  26 KB (4,009 words) - 15:09, 24 January 2022
• Relationship between porosity and permeability on fractured basement reservoir
  ...feature from pressure exchange on earth crust because of fracture from one or more different ways, depends on pressure direction and type of rock. A frac ...imited. The corelation cannot be used for hydraulic channel identification or fracture on reservoir body.
  29 KB (4,601 words) - 16:09, 12 April 2016
• Full waveform acoustic logging
  ...guide effect. Thus, the refracted P and S wave arrivals along the borehole or formation boundary are not pure P and S waves. However, the first arrivals With some FWAL tools, the slowness (inverse velocity or time needed to travel a fixed distance) is obtained the same way as in conv
  10 KB (1,530 words) - 20:47, 19 January 2022
• Fluvial input through time: Gulf of Mexico example
  ..._fig4-4.png|Figure 1]]). [[Subsidence]] is related to [[basement]] cooling or differential response of basement types to loading ([[:file:sedimentary-bas
  3 KB (406 words) - 17:03, 22 February 2022
• Economics: key parameters
  ''Net present value'' (NPV), or net present worth, is based on the concept of equivalence discussed in the ''Discounted cash flow rate of return'' (DCFROR), or internal rate of return, is calculated by a trial-and-error method. In this
  19 KB (2,745 words) - 21:18, 19 January 2022
• Eagle Ford Group, southwest Texas
  The Eagle Ford Group (or Shale) is a major oil, natural gas, and condensate/natural gas liquids play ...ements in ultimate recovery have been realized through well re-stimulation or the application of secondary recovery techniques (e.g., huff-and-puff; Hill
  10 KB (1,550 words) - 21:50, 3 March 2022
• Reservoir modeling for simulation purposes
  ...well spacing, while at later stages the objectives may be infill drilling or secondary recovery. The role of the geologist is to provide reservoir model ...|| rowspan=2 | [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/outcrop Outcrop] or analog reservoir
  17 KB (2,234 words) - 21:21, 19 January 2022
• Well types
  ..., and these are described below. A particular well type may be best suited or most economic in the efforts to drain a specific configuration of [[hydroca ...is to [[sidetrack]] a well. This is where a well has already been drilled or partly drilled and there is a need to exit out of one side of the well to a
  24 KB (3,753 words) - 19:33, 3 March 2016
• Synthetic seismograms: correlation to other data
  ...g a synthetic seismogram is to match [[stratigraphy]] as seen in well logs or outcrops to [[Seismic data|seismic field data]]. The field data need to hav
  3 KB (486 words) - 19:10, 27 January 2022
• Plate tectonics and basin formation
  * Adriatic or Apulian Plate * Aegean Sea Plate (or Hellenic Plate)
  24 KB (3,689 words) - 17:46, 18 April 2019
• Seismic inversion
  ...the right side, we introduce geological constraints taken from a sonic log or seismic velocity information and produce a forward model. We then combine t ...his type of output, and they are sometimes referred to as ''sparse-spike'' or ''model-based methods''. These methods work by producing a forward model th
  8 KB (1,196 words) - 18:48, 21 January 2022
• Permeability
  ...f a single fluid moves through rock, its relative permeability is 1.0. Two or more fluids generally inhigit flow through rock compared with that of a sin Permeability decreases with increasing confining pressure. Unconsolidated or poorly lithified rock undergoes much greater permeability reduction under c
  19 KB (2,716 words) - 19:02, 20 January 2022
• Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets
  ...radius, initial temperature upon coalescence, [[insolation]], and presence or absence of liquid-phase surface water.<ref name="O'Neill_Lenardic"> O'Neill ...assumption is made that such a planet is [[Terrestrial planet|Earth-like]] or “rocky”. This implies a three-layer stratigraphy of (from center to sur
  19 KB (2,736 words) - 12:59, 14 March 2019
• South Pass 62 field
  ...of water. Dark gray indicates oil fields. Light gray refers to salt domes or tabular salt. ...w exceptions, reservoirs adjacent to or near the salt face were depletion, or partial, water drive. Increased faulting and more variable stratigraphy com
  9 KB (1,290 words) - 21:18, 19 October 2016
• White paper: Hydraulic fracturing
  ...ydrocarbon molecules trapped in the tiny spaces between the grains of sand or tiny clay particles that comprise the rock. By creating artificial cracks i ...fracture programs may inject more than 300,000 pounds of proppant into oil or natural gas bearing rock formation.)
  27 KB (4,076 words) - 16:33, 19 July 2016
• Carbonate diagenesis
  ...tools|wireline log]] responses and incorporated into geological facies and/or diagenetic models in order to map [[porosity]], [[Interpreting Sw distribut ...bonate|calcium carbonate]] from seawater by organisms to form their shells or skeletal material. The sediments are composed of a spectrum of [[Grain size
  23 KB (3,026 words) - 20:48, 19 January 2022
• Rock physics analysis for reservoir identification
  ...een. As this property is directly affected by the change in compaction and/or diagenetic processes, its sensitivity decreases under specific circumstance ...carbon bearing sandstones as Vp generally drops due to the presence of gas or oil however, the Vs does not affected much and therefore will produce low V
  15 KB (2,356 words) - 18:00, 26 April 2022
• Sorrento field: water saturation
  ...on: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Symposium, p. 149–158.</ref>, or [[Wikipedia:Pyrite|pyrite]] [Kristinick, personal communication]). Formatio ...splayed ''n'' greater than 2, indicating either very tortuous pore systems or incomplete saturation by brine during testing. Saturation exponents were le
  7 KB (1,044 words) - 16:57, 13 April 2022
• Economics: time value of money
  When money is borrowed for a period of time, rent (or interest) for the use of the money must be paid in addition to repayment of This same equation can be rearranged to solve for the equivalence (or present value) of a future sum of money (such as a project net cash flow) r
  12 KB (1,101 words) - 15:13, 14 April 2022
• Dip-leaking fault
  ...ssible controls in some basins include asymmetric [[fracture]] density and/or preferential hydraulic fracturing in the hanging wall.<ref name=ch10r93>Web A fault may dip seal oil and dip leak gas or vice versa. The illustration in [[:file:evaluating-top-and-fault-seal_fig10
  8 KB (1,130 words) - 17:14, 28 March 2022
• Energy: historical sources
  ...water has been used for many centuries but has never provided more than 6 or 7% of the total energy consumed in the world. The contribution of nuclear p
  4 KB (530 words) - 20:35, 6 January 2015
• Mudstones
  ...ained sedimentary rocks (e.g., shale, mudrock, mudstone, claystone, chert, or chalk) are the most common rocks in the stratigraphic column. They preserve ...., total organic carbon [TOC] versus uranium; clay minerals versus thorium or potassium; pyrite and TOC versus bulk density; after Bohacs et al. .<ref na
  16 KB (2,352 words) - 18:46, 4 December 2023
• Wiki write off
  Pages that need to be created, added to, or completed can be found [[Suggested pages|here]].
  3 KB (399 words) - 12:51, 28 September 2015
• Sedimentary basin analysis
  ...ter able to focus on the process of data integration, which can be adapted or modified for other basin types. Aspects of plate tectonics and depositional
  4 KB (512 words) - 16:26, 18 February 2022
• Cash flow model
  ..., [[cross section]]s, and reservoir analysis) of the anticipated new field or well and from geotechnical estimates of area, ultimate recoverable reserves ...ent costs, classified for tax calculations as either tangible expenditures or intangible drilling and development costs (IDCs), and scheduled by the mont
  19 KB (2,272 words) - 19:27, 19 January 2022
• Introduction to biosteering operation
  ...determination, paleoenvironment deposition and presence of unconformities or faults in the drilling section. ...zones that are very helpful for well correlation and recognizing repeating or missing sections.
  20 KB (2,916 words) - 21:04, 21 April 2022
• Core-to-log transformations and porosity-permeability relationships
  ...nglomeratic]] reservoir, where the clast size can exceed [[length::6 in.]] or more. Any attempt to determine an average porosity from conventional core a ...ntly derived log results are more accurate than either core analyses alone or transformations developed through core-to-log relationships.
  14 KB (1,893 words) - 20:15, 2 February 2016
• Geochemical surface expression
  ...the oxidation of migrating [[hydrocarbon]]s. Their activities are directly or indirectly responsible for many of the diverse surface manifestations of pe
  4 KB (493 words) - 22:00, 31 January 2022
• Basin-centered gas systems
  ...pervasive accumulations that are gas saturated, abnormally pressured (high or low), commonly lack a downdip water contact, and have low-permeability rese
  4 KB (469 words) - 19:01, 14 March 2016
• Log analysis: lithology
  ...n composed of two or more [[mineralogy|mineralogies]]. The presence of two or more minerals significantly increases the difficulty of determining both [[ The MID or ''m''atrix ''id''entification crossplot uses the apparent volumetric [[cros
  25 KB (3,189 words) - 17:24, 18 January 2022
• Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS): limitations
  ...ondensates that do contain steranes and triterpanes may have picked up all or most of them during [[migration]] by extraction from the rocks through whic ...30 hopane and homohopanes. The C₂₉ hopane is either unaffected or only slightly reduced in concentration. T_m, T_s, moret
  8 KB (1,111 words) - 22:05, 15 February 2022
• Tuscaloosa Marine Shale, Gulf Coast Basin, Louisiana and Mississippi
  ...ar the base of the unit. The HRZ, when present, has a resistivity of 5 Ω-m or greater and peaks at 11 Ω-m in Pike County, MS (John et al., 1997; Lu et a Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorseme
  7 KB (1,007 words) - 21:15, 3 March 2022
• Fault control on hydrocarbon distribution
  ...oss seal is created by shale-prone gouge with low shale gouge ratios (SGR) or sand and shale juxtaposition.
  4 KB (515 words) - 21:31, 29 March 2022
• Basin modeling: identifying and quantifying significant uncertainties
  ...ld be aware of these issues and consider them in any final recommendations or conclusions. | Depths (or isopachs) || Thickness of each unit controls the relative amount of each r
  38 KB (5,890 words) - 15:16, 23 August 2016
• Amplitude (seismic)
  ...used to identify polarity of onshore seismic data. If target is carbonate or regional geology target has [[coal]] lithology. Polarity prediction can ass ...iqueness is lost. Tuning effects caused reservoir thickness can be at peak or trough depends on the interference that occurs.<ref>Sukmono, S., and A. Agu
  8 KB (1,291 words) - 15:49, 18 January 2017
• Using a tectonic history model for petroleum system analysis
  ...ses can have an impact on different [[petroleum systems]] at the same time or at different times, depending on the events of each tectonostratigraphic ph
  4 KB (518 words) - 16:35, 22 February 2022
• Percent fill: controlling factors
  ...as the SSP. A trap also may be partially filled (PF) due to either charge or top seal capacity. A partially filled trap can have a [[Fluid contacts|hydr
  3 KB (471 words) - 21:50, 28 March 2022
• Third-order sequences
  ...No. 7], 55 p.</ref> Although different basin types, i.e., foreland basins or active margin basins, require adjustments to the model, the Gulf of Mexico ** Incised valleys fill with coarse-grained, low-sinuosity channel or estuarine sandstones in response to sea level rise.
  8 KB (1,084 words) - 22:25, 3 February 2022
• Marcellus Shale (Devonian) -- Appalachian Basin
  ...e technology and industry practices, regardless of economic considerations or accessibility conditions, such as areas limited by policy and regulations. ...down from the high of 64 Mcf reported for 2008. There was no reported oil or condensate production. In 2019, most of the productive wells were located i
  19 KB (2,773 words) - 21:36, 4 March 2022
• Sequence stratigraphy
  ...enetically related strata bounded by surfaces of erosion or nondeposition, or their correlative unconformities.” Paleogeographic reconstruction of faci
  8 KB (1,093 words) - 21:21, 3 February 2022
• Phosphatic microfossils
  ...ecovered from the insoluble residues of carbonates dissolved in weak acids or from easily disaggregated [[shale]]s.
  4 KB (496 words) - 18:08, 24 January 2022
• Siliciclastic shorelines and barrier island reservoirs
  ...dal and fluvial channel fills || || Permeability contrast with shore face or barrier island sandstones can result in bypassed oil ...artially enclosed in [[mudstone]] || || Can form discrete hydraulic units or compartments with bypassed oil
  18 KB (2,607 words) - 15:33, 15 January 2024
• Gas chromatography: data obtained
  ...rence in the wax region and a high pristane-phytane ratio typical of coaly or certain nearshore aquatic environments. From Robinson;<ref name=ch08r46>Rob ...d_environmental_analysis_of_clastic_depositional_systems#Deltas|deltaic]]- or [[Lithofacies_and_environmental_analysis_of_clastic_depositional_systems#La
  22 KB (3,123 words) - 21:38, 15 February 2022
• Fault seal analysis for reservoir development
  ...alysis method has key factors that are vertical movement (throw) and shale or clay content (Vshale) in the rocks involved in faulting<ref name=Yieldinget .../>. The representation of a part of the fault surface is often a vertical or planar surface. The lithology of the footwall and hanging-wall fault blocks
  14 KB (2,146 words) - 19:35, 13 September 2022
• Carbonate sedimentary rocks classification
  * The presence or absence of lime mud. ...soft-sediment deformation, the term “disturbed microcrystalline limestone” or “dismicrite” could be assigned.
  16 KB (1,986 words) - 14:09, 19 December 2023
• Traps in a framework of sequence stratigraphy
  ...l margin]] basins. Ramp margins are found in cratonic, continental margin, or [[Lithofacies_and_environmental_analysis_of_clastic_depositional_systems#La
  4 KB (486 words) - 14:57, 4 February 2022
• Cuba: Geology and regional setting
  ...n's official duties. As a Work of the United States Government, this image or media is in the public domain.]] ...s [[carbonate bank]] province. To the south, in part under an upper Eocene or younger cover, is a relatively narrow belt, 45-160 km (28-99 mi) wide, of i
  13 KB (1,851 words) - 20:43, 7 July 2016
• Fault seal breakdown during production
  ...ge. This process occurs when the pressure depletion is sufficiently rapid, or the fault has sufficiently low [[permeability]], to cause a large pressure
  4 KB (530 words) - 15:21, 30 March 2022
• Influence of mechanical stratigraphy on deformation styles
  ...l properties include tensile strength, elastic-plastic response, stiffness or competence, and susceptibility to fractures. Each mechanical stratigraphic The presence of dissimilar lithologies or structural discontinuities within a stratigraphic unit dictates mechanical
  23 KB (3,162 words) - 17:28, 5 December 2023
• Delta plain, lower
  ...an arid climate are often characterized by interdistributary [[evaporite]] or barren [[salt flat]]s, where intricate networks of [[tidal creek]]s occur a ...n the lower delta plain. Crevasse deposits build into shallow bays between or adjacent to major distributaries and extend themselves seaward through a sy
  27 KB (4,229 words) - 16:41, 6 April 2016
• Seismic sequence analysis
  ...se all seismic grid loops by checking the loop ties for each discontinuity or its correlative equivalent.
  5 KB (647 words) - 15:49, 4 February 2022
• Fluid inclusions: analysis and applications
  ...1]]. Hydrocarbon-bearing fluid inclusions (HCFIs) encapsulate accumulating or migrating oil and gas at reservoir conditions, which allows for the origin ...gas industry. Petroleum inclusions generally develop in diagenetic cements or grains. They contain a complex mixture of mainly organic compounds, dependi
  20 KB (2,691 words) - 21:06, 21 April 2022
• Relating traps to paleogeography
  ...lowstand of sea level when the river systems discharge their loads near to or into the heads of the slope valleys.<ref name=ch04r3>Anderson, R., N., Abdu ...ure 1]], producing fields are along the 200-ft (60-m) net sand [[contour]] or beyond rather than in the axial thick. This is because of gravity-flow sand
  11 KB (1,482 words) - 15:47, 21 March 2022
• Hydrocarbon reservoirs associated to layered intrusive bodies
  ...ved fracturing . Other efforts such as those generated by cooling the sill or by the circulation of metasomatic fluids are also responsible for much of t ...ill and parts of the country rock by the circulation of metasomatic fluids or lithostratic decompression.
  10 KB (1,475 words) - 16:29, 4 April 2019
• Sandstone sedimentology and stratigraphy
  ...y deposits ,mouth bars and other sediments formed where river meets a lake or sea); Aeolian(wind-blown dune sands formed in coastal and desert environmen ...in over 60% of the world’s giant fields; composed of mainly [[quartz]] and/or feldspars and typically deposited by relatively high- energy processes, whi
  27 KB (3,802 words) - 19:32, 9 January 2024
• Eagle Ford Group in southwest Texas (USGS)
  The Eagle Ford Group (or Shale) is a major oil, natural gas, and condensate/natural gas liquids play ...ements in ultimate recovery have been realized through well re-stimulation or the application of secondary recovery techniques (e.g., huff-and-puff).
  11 KB (1,594 words) - 19:15, 8 February 2024
• Reservoir engineering
  ...granitic, tuff, and shale. Reservoir filled by hydrocarbon on [[fracture]] or pores. All reservoir hydrocarbon content connate water . some reservoir con Absolute permeability retrieved from conventional core analysis or by the approach through equations based on log analysis. Empirical equation
  14 KB (2,122 words) - 17:33, 7 March 2016
• Fault seal quantitative prediction: shale smear factor, shale gouge ratio, and smear gouge ratio
  The [[shale gouge ratio]] is simply the percentage of shale or [[clay]] in the slipped interval. [[:File:Shale-gouge-ratio-fig3.png|Figure ...y material). The SGR represents, in a general way, the proportion of shale or clay that might be entrained in the fault zone by a variety of mechanisms.
  8 KB (1,307 words) - 16:05, 14 December 2016
• Statistical analysis in oil correlation
  ...cations of such statistical methods fail to emphasize either the chemistry or the geology of the system. Future applications should attempt to integrate
  4 KB (520 words) - 22:06, 14 February 2022
• Petrofabrics
  ...vely limited number of special situations. It requires oriented subsurface or surface samples and is performed only by a relatively limited number of spe
  4 KB (447 words) - 15:17, 3 February 2022
• New Albany Shale, Illinois Basin, southwestern Indiana
  ...lopment are resolved. But whether the New Albany Shale is an emerging play or only a prolific source remains to be seen[12]. ...J., and D.E. Morse, 2010, The New Albany Shale in Illinois: emerging play or prolific source: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 108, no. 33, 72–79.
  7 KB (1,107 words) - 21:50, 4 March 2022
• Pore and pore throat sizes
  ...essure]]–mercury injection tests, which can be converted to a distribution or profile of pore throat sizes for a sample. Erlich et al.<ref name=ch09r17>E
  4 KB (516 words) - 14:04, 4 April 2022
• Reservoir fluids
  Where two immiscible liquids, or a liquid and a solid, are in contact with each other, the surface molecules ...r most of the grain surfaces and will also fill the smaller pores. The oil or gas will occupy the remaining, more central volume of the pore system. Conv
  22 KB (3,508 words) - 20:34, 3 March 2016
• Fault plane profile
  .../sub>) of the fault zone, the [[Calculating charge volume|charge volume]], or the top seal—not a JLLP. ...and fault seal: Franklin, Pennsylvania, SEALS International, 600 p.</ref> or from a simple proportion, as illustrated in [[:file:evaluating-top-and-faul
  9 KB (1,461 words) - 21:57, 28 March 2022
• Cross-well electromagnetic tomography monitoring of fluid distribution
  ...vity is determined by the type of fluid present, whether it is water, oil, or gas. Afterward, the water saturation is empirically determined from the mea ...dvantage over the electrode devices is that it is used in an oil-based mud or a relatively low conductive mud, like freshwater-based mud.<ref name=Schon_
  18 KB (2,715 words) - 18:29, 8 February 2024
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
  ...er design, the lenses used in the column can be magnetic or electrostatic (or a combination of the two types). In the case of the GEMINI column, the fina ...gon-ion milling, a sample preparation technique that consists of using one or more beams of argon ions to gently polish the surface of a sample by sputte
  16 KB (2,441 words) - 20:24, 23 January 2019
• Deltaic environments
  ...horeline undergoes landward [[transgression]], and coastal barriers, beach or dune complexes will often be formed. In other places, particularly when sub
  9 KB (1,310 words) - 19:47, 12 January 2016
• Structural restoration
  ...ncing, which is the adjustment of geological interpretation – of a section or an area – so that mass conservation before and after the strain is mainta ...entary basins is often hindered by the existence of complex structures and/or lack of data, leading to highly uncertain models, and thus exploration/oper
  17 KB (2,335 words) - 17:14, 13 October 2022
• Braided fluvial reservoirs
  ...decreasing permeability profiles, but the lack of organized stratification or laterally continuous shales results in braided fluvial reservoirs showing e ...r systems under normal conditions. What mud there is, collects as bar tops or represents fragments of floodplain silts and muds. The shales tend not to b
  13 KB (1,859 words) - 21:29, 12 March 2019
• Mandal-Ekofisk(!) petroleum system
  ...rged by this same pod of active source rock; all are within the geographic or known extent of the system. Most accumulations for the Mandal-Ekofisk(!) ov ...]] occurred from just over 100 Ma to the present day. The critical moment, or peak generation, is at 30 Ma.
  9 KB (1,184 words) - 18:46, 3 March 2016
• Dipmeter
  ...s result by measuring some sensitive formation parameter by means of three or more identical sensors mounted on caliper arms so as to scan in detail diff ...s that found with four-arm and six-arm tools. In these cases, a stochastic or global mapping approach is more effective in that it uses the redundancy to
  14 KB (2,128 words) - 17:25, 18 January 2022
• Condensate banking effect
  ...t. Condensate occurs when either the reservoir pressure of a gas reservoir or the bottom-hole pressure falls below the dew point. Condensate is usually k .... CCE aids in measuring the Z-factors, oil relative volume below dew point or what is known as the liquid dropout curve, and the dew point pressure.<ref
  21 KB (3,040 words) - 15:22, 12 December 2022
• Seismic migration
  The task of migration here is to convert or ''map'' reflections along the diffraction into a single point at the positi ...relate to whether the migrated results are presented as a function of time or depth. Results of both migration categories are most often displayed in tim
  14 KB (2,045 words) - 20:21, 21 January 2022
• 3-D seismic data: immersive visualization
  ...ium may be a better arrangement for reviewing the prospect, drilling plan, or development plan for a larger management group.
  4 KB (601 words) - 19:49, 27 January 2022
• Cuba: Geologic history
  ...n's official duties. As a Work of the United States Government, this image or media is in the public domain.]] ...l margin] or ocean floor, whereas the nappes are the result of sedimentary or volcanic cover sliding away, under the force of [[gravity]], from the area
  30 KB (4,263 words) - 22:00, 23 January 2019
• Identifying depositional sequences in seismic sections
  ...quence boundary forms when the rate of eustatic fall is slightly less than or equal to the rate of basin subsidence at the depositional break. There is n ...ream-mouth [http://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:8:0::::: bar] in a delta or the upper shoreface in a beach environment.<ref name=ch04r70>Mitchum, R. M.
  10 KB (1,394 words) - 21:47, 22 February 2022
• Displacement pressure: theory vs. reality
  ...facies are not thought to be effective seals because they are either thin or lack [[lateral]] continuity.<ref name=ch10r6 /> More empirical studies are
  4 KB (587 words) - 13:36, 1 April 2022
• Update for Fayetteville Shale Gas Play in Arkansas, 2019
  ...re drilled horizontally and have been fracture stimulated using slickwater or cross-linked gel fluids. Fayetteville Shale gas production generally ranges
  5 KB (645 words) - 22:38, 2 June 2021
• Deep-water marine reservoirs
  | Shale drapes or late-stage channel-fill shales common in channel-fill sandstones || || Redu ...the individual channels show extensive sand-sand contacts with each other or not. It is not always easy to assess this with limited well control. This i
  20 KB (2,850 words) - 15:33, 15 January 2024
• Seal capacity of breached and hydrocarbon-wet seals
  ...insufficient hydrocarbons to fill all traps to the maximum seal capacity, or with charge after leakage, would there be a large number of traps greater t
  5 KB (693 words) - 14:23, 1 April 2022
• Recognizing stacked depositional sequences from well data
  ...sections that crosses the entire basin, either along depositional [[dip]] or depositional strike. Use as many wells as practical. Where available, add m ...SEPM Special Publication 42, p. 183–213.</ref> Intervals devoid of fossils or having low abundance values, often associated with sandy [[lithofacies]], c
  14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:16, 9 January 2024
• Fayetteville Shale Gas Play, Arkansas
  ...re drilled horizontally and have been fracture stimulated using slickwater or cross-linked gel fluids. Fayetteville Shale gas production generally ranges
  4 KB (598 words) - 21:52, 3 March 2022
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage
  ...oil extracted by either [[Immiscible gas flooding|immiscible]] (not mixed) or [[Enhanced_oil_recovery#Miscible_gas_flooding|miscible (mixed together) flo ...eologically stored in coalbeds that are considered economically unmineable or can be used to enhance [[coalbed methane]] recovery. Technical challenges f
  37 KB (5,487 words) - 21:14, 11 March 2019
• Coal bed methane (UDip)
  ...en [[fracture]]s in the coal (called the cleats) can also contain free gas or can be saturated with water. The system is then called a “dual-porosity r ...nts the percentage of the total space that is available to fill by liquids or gases. There are two main types of porosity ''absolute porosity'' and ''eff
  10 KB (1,576 words) - 14:42, 2 April 2019
• Structural geology fieldwork
  ...rk can be useful throughout an exploration program. If it is done prior to or in conjunction with the interpretation of seismic data in the area, it can
  4 KB (557 words) - 20:06, 2 February 2022
• In-situ stress characterization and applications
  ...magnitude and direction of in-situ stresses before doing underground work or designing underground structures, see [[:File:GeoWikiWriteOff2021-Tayyib-Ta ...and normal stresses fall inside the Mohr circle and it can be used in two or three dimensions.
  28 KB (4,031 words) - 15:49, 28 November 2022
• Maps of hydrocarbon types: Gulf of Mexico example
  * Calcareous; [[Upper Jurassic]] or Lower Cretaceous?
  5 KB (633 words) - 20:02, 18 February 2022
• Lithofacies and environmental analysis of clastic depositional systems
  ...oduce the geometric arrangement of different [[depositional environments]] or [[Definitions of depositional system elements#Systems tracts|systems tracts ...generally observed to be correlative with lithofacies types to one degree or another (see [[Geological heterogeneities]]). This reflects the fundamental
  38 KB (5,198 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
• AAPG Wiki:Converting content
  ** BeautifulSoup or lxml
  6 KB (826 words) - 18:27, 1 July 2013
• Stratigraphic trap seals
  A trap would not form if the valley fill were composed of porous sand or if the bottom-sealing dolostone were absent (from unpublished data by Ralph
  5 KB (632 words) - 20:26, 3 February 2022
• Basin-centered gas systems: evaluation and exploration strategies
  ...n the Jonah field in the northern part of the Green River basin of Wyoming or the Rulison field in the Piceance basin of Colorado, it is imperative to st ...rom these two examples, the probability of encountering fractures in slant or horizontal wells vs. vertically drilled wells is well documented. The cost
  34 KB (5,070 words) - 15:11, 23 August 2016
• Formation water density
  ...formation pressure. Estimate pressure by multiplying depth by 0.433 psi/ft or other appropriate gradient. Check for T_f errors.
  5 KB (714 words) - 15:19, 13 September 2022
• Fault seal-conduit studies
  ...etermine if faults in a particular tectonic setting have acted as conduits or seals with respect to the migration of subsurface fluids. They use a variet
  5 KB (638 words) - 14:17, 2 February 2022
• Biogeography
  Paleogeographic reconstructions based on geologic or geophysical evidence can be tested using patterns in the distribution of or
  5 KB (668 words) - 18:11, 31 January 2022
• Data: sources
  ...t the information is accessible, either as well-organized paper data files or as data on a computer shared drive. Data files stored on a computer should ...lled faster than shale for instance. Any [[drilling problems]] encountered or changes in the drilling parameters will be reported in the margins of the m
  43 KB (6,686 words) - 13:44, 18 March 2019
• East Breaks critical moment
  ...n-analysis_fig4-53.png|4]]). If a stratigraphically deeper lower Paleocene or upper Jurassic source rock is the origin of the East Breaks oils, an earlie
  5 KB (715 words) - 17:07, 23 March 2022
• Hammerfest basin
  ...structural spillpoint and the hydrocarbon–water contact) and (B) shows to or deeper than the structural spillpoint (presented as the vertical distance b ...butor to the reduced column heights, there has not been a consensus on how or where the leakage actually took place. Explanations that have been put forw
  23 KB (3,382 words) - 18:40, 10 January 2019
• Thelma field
  ...ble pre-[[Jurassic]] rocks in the[[ footwall]] for the [[updip]] [[seal]], or a sealing fault ([[:file:M115CH11FG04.jpg|Figure 4]]; Kerlogue et al., 1994 ...ell 16 /17-7, but there is insufficient data to conclude what the oil type or FWL is (no pre-production RFT data).
  17 KB (2,614 words) - 19:14, 17 January 2022
• Fault plane profile construction
  .../sub>) of the fault zone, the [[Calculating charge volume|charge volume]], or the top seal—not a JLLP.
  6 KB (834 words) - 14:51, 29 March 2022
• Top seal strain estimation
  Once the [[ductility]] or paleoductility of a seal is known, the amount of strain that has affected t
  5 KB (757 words) - 15:43, 30 March 2022
• Displacement pressure estimation from sedimentary facies and well logs
  ...]s that have displacement pressures of [[pressure::500 psi]] (air–mercury) or less. These seal–rock facies can be correlated among wells and used to pr
  5 KB (764 words) - 19:46, 31 March 2022
• Austin Chalk, Tokio, and Eutaw Formations, U.S. Onshore Gulf Coast (USGS)
  ...rthern Louisiana, contains sandstone and lignitic shales rather than chalk or limestone, and the Eutaw, located mostly in Mississippi and Alabama, consis
  6 KB (846 words) - 20:58, 6 April 2021
• EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee 2018-19 Annual Report
  ...shales in the United States (presented in alphabetical order by shale name or region; [[:file:TightOilCommittee_2018-19_Figure1.jpg|Figure 1]], Canada, C
  6 KB (820 words) - 20:57, 6 April 2021
• Seal capacity of different rock types
  * Most good sands can trap only [[length::50 ft]] or less of oil column.
  5 KB (760 words) - 20:55, 31 March 2022
• Morrow lithofacies and pore types: Sorrento field
  ...Areas between dashed lines group points into beds with similar port size, or flow units.
  6 KB (769 words) - 17:23, 11 April 2022
• Well log sequence analysis
  ...shows the well log responses of a lowstand systems tract (labeled as PGC, or prograding complex, on the cross section). Log A is completely basinal with
  6 KB (845 words) - 16:53, 4 February 2022
• Delta plain, upper
  Individual channels split around numerous mid-channel islands or braid bars. During floods erosion occurs on the upstream ends and lateral s ...of braided channel deposits (letters on the vertical section refer to core or outcrop photographs).<ref name=Colemanandprior_1981 />]]
  33 KB (4,905 words) - 16:40, 6 April 2016
• Trap geometry: changes
  ...charged]] during structural growth, and [[accumulation]]s can be partially or completely spilled by later structural [[deformation]].
  6 KB (845 words) - 15:29, 1 February 2022
• Subduction zone
  ...12, Regional geology and tectonics: Elsevier</ref>, states that granulite or pyroxene granulite forms lower continental crust. ...of oceanic trench depends on accumulated materials (terrigenous, pelagic, or carbonate sediments) on ocean floor.
  27 KB (4,033 words) - 20:52, 27 March 2019
• South Viking Graben
  ...nd Spur and Utsira High have pre-Upper Jurassic rocks beneath [[Cenozoic]] or [[Cretaceous]] strata (with very thin, <approximately 2 m [6.6 ft], KCF-Dra
  23 KB (3,562 words) - 19:06, 17 January 2022
• Lithofacies maps
  ...gaps between the wells. This is not easy, as there will be mostly vertical or near vertical well data in the field. The vertical facies profile may be de ...can be investigated by referring to technical papers and outcrop studies, or the examination of aerial photographs.<ref name=Tye_2004>Tye, R. S., 2004,
  21 KB (3,139 words) - 16:54, 6 April 2016
• Tethys region
  ...emoir 106], p. 101-141.</ref> indicating additional potential for Cambrian or older source rocks. The presence and distribution of Paleozoic reservoirs m ...tant for the Tethyan region, there are other regionally correlative proven or potential source rocks of Triassic age.<ref name=Grabowski_2014 /> <ref nam
  23 KB (3,325 words) - 14:52, 1 August 2016
• Carbonate reservoir
  ...erlag, p.137–155.</ref> The coarser material tends not to be widely spread or abraded by waves and currents. Consequently, uniform grain sorting is not a ...olumes and reserves. Carbonates have a tendency to oil-wet characteristics or show mixed wettability. Typical behavior in oil-wet systems includes early
  38 KB (5,571 words) - 15:31, 16 January 2024
• Mudstone nomenclature
  ...” “mudrock,” “mudstone,” “claystone,” “siltstone,” “chert,” “porcelanite,” or “chalk” have been used to describe these fine-grained sedimentary rocks ...55–62.</ref>. Grains can be simple or composite (e.g., floccules, pellets, or intraclasts).
  58 KB (8,391 words) - 19:46, 20 February 2024
• Arecuna field
  ...ial [SP]) shale markers that are interpreted as surfaces of maximum marine or lacustrine flooding. Widespread lignite beds also were used to divide the s Because of its proximity to the craton or, conversely, its considerable distance from the thrust-and-[[fold]] belt, s
  16 KB (2,381 words) - 19:03, 11 March 2019
• Utilization of the industrial revolution 4.0 in oil and gas exploration
  ...pivotal role in characterizing the reservoirs. In practice, geoscientists or engineers are manually interpreting and describing well data, nowadays with ...litate in knowing whether the zone being penetrated is hydrocarbon bearing or not.
  21 KB (3,096 words) - 20:59, 21 April 2022
• Dolomite and dolomitization: Implications for reservoir characterization
  ...-calcites, biogenic silica, clay minerals, chlorophyll, organic matter and or pre-existing detrital dolomites (Lyons et al., 1984; Baker and Burns, 1985) ...ucted to determine microthermometry and salinity. The sub-surface dolomite or dolostone can be studied using conventional petrophysical logs. Now-a-days,
  38 KB (4,996 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
• Barnett shale play
  ...t on production, and hundreds of additional wells were drilled, completed, or waiting on a pipeline. Vertical wells were the primary drilling method unt
  6 KB (909 words) - 19:24, 14 March 2019
• Basin-centered gas systems: development
  ...eneration. In this case, a knowledge of pore fluid composition (mainly gas or mainly water) in the Pliocene sequence would offer considerable insight in ...n the development of an overpressured, gas-saturated reservoir with little or no free water. Examples of BCGA systems exhibiting this overpressured phase
  34 KB (4,772 words) - 14:44, 12 March 2019
• Age model chart
  ...area sequence chart, to the same time scale using the bioevent marker taxa or zonal assemblages. ...ppears under the column Sum of Sequences, three of which occur in only one or two studies and are considered to be local and possibly autocyclic events (
  13 KB (1,871 words) - 20:06, 24 February 2022
• Systems tracts identification
  ...a_level_cycle_phase_and_systems_tracts#Lowstand_systems_tracts|lowstand]], or [[Sea_level_cycle_phase_and_systems_tracts#Transgressive_systems_tracts|tra ...d_systems_tracts#Highstand_systems_tracts|highstand]] prograding complexes or [[Systems_tracts_and_trap_types#Shelf_margin_systems_tract_traps|shelf marg
  15 KB (2,029 words) - 21:21, 23 February 2022
• Stratigraphic predictions from computer simulation
  ...nd beyond data control. Both 2-D and 3-D simulation programs are available or in development. With high-resolution input of chronostratigraphy, lithofaci
  7 KB (895 words) - 16:18, 24 March 2022
• Covenant field
  ...Middle Jurassic Twin Peaks Limestone and Arapien Shale form the cap rocks or seal for the field. From Parry, et. al.<ref name=Parry />]]
  6 KB (897 words) - 19:39, 14 February 2017
• Critical elements application: Niobrara example
  ...lling must be conducted with [[Analysis of mud weights|underbalanced mud]] or air to prevent fracture damage. The Niobrara is an [[Causes of underpressur
  7 KB (962 words) - 16:03, 18 February 2022
• Meandering fluvial reservoirs
  ...description by classifying subsurface fluvial geometries as either sheets or ribbons.<ref name=Friendetal_1979>Friend, P. F., M. J. Slater, and R. C. Wi ...volumes of mud ([[:file:M91FG173.JPG|Figure 2]]). The mud can make up 50% or more of the volume. Channel features, where they survive, tend to be plugge
  32 KB (4,727 words) - 21:03, 15 January 2024
• Petrophysical analysis of Sorrento field wells
  ...hout affecting permeability-porosity relationships. Examples include vuggy or [[fracture]] porosity and variable shale effects. If such changes occur, th
  7 KB (956 words) - 17:24, 11 April 2022
• Oil correlation case history: Zala basin, Hungary
  ...udy to establish which sedimentary units in the basin are oil source rocks or possess source rock potential.
  7 KB (1,092 words) - 13:46, 16 February 2022
• Hydrostatic pressure-depth plot construction
  ...sing [[Formation water density|density measured from the formation water]] or calculated from the [[Spontaneous potential logs in water resistivity calcu
  7 KB (895 words) - 18:57, 16 February 2022
• Making regional structural cross sections
  ...ults and salt walls, through holes in salt canopies, laterally below salt, or within sandstones between salt sheets.
  7 KB (970 words) - 20:33, 18 February 2022
• Seismic data: two- or three-dimensional interpretation
  ...lts, channels, and other features of interest. There will always be faults or channels oriented at angles between 0° and 45° relative to the orientatio
  8 KB (1,280 words) - 17:33, 25 January 2022
• Kingfisher field
  ...eted as being compressional in origin might actually have formed, in whole or in part, as a result of extensional [[tectonic]]s. In this alternate scenar ...stratigraphy|stratigraphically]] subdivided into a number of sub-intervals or zones based on the recognition and correlation of maximum flooding surface
  16 KB (2,358 words) - 16:28, 11 January 2024
• East Breaks trap formation
  ...://structuralgeology.50webs.com/pagef21.htm roll over] into growth faults, or
  7 KB (1,022 words) - 21:54, 22 March 2022
• Faults: structural geology
  ...established a fault framework for a field, it is important to know whether or not fluid flow communication occurs across the faults. Techniques are avail ...(magnitude of the time gradient), [[azimuth]] (direction of maximum dip), or abrupt changes in amplitude.<ref name=Dalleyetal_1989>Dalley, R. M., E. E.
  63 KB (9,496 words) - 16:51, 15 January 2024
• Oil correlation case history: Brazilian offshore basins
  ...then used to classify the oils into five source-distinctive groups. No one or two correlative parameters could establish these groupings—only through t
  8 KB (1,086 words) - 22:16, 15 February 2022
• China Shale Gas & Liquids - Sichuan Basin
  The gas-producing shale interval, or called “high quality shale”, is characterized by high gamma ray (GR), h
  7 KB (985 words) - 18:54, 4 December 2023
• Super basins
  ...super basins (those with less than 5 billion BOE of cumulative production or remaining recoverable oil and gas) are shown in light blue. DwGoM = deep-wa ...n enhance productive super basins evaluations, potentially identify deeper or underappreciated petroleum systems, and help anticipate new plays in emergi
  27 KB (3,791 words) - 19:35, 11 October 2022
• Balanced cross sections
  ...s highlights discrepancies in interpretations, points to the types of data or alternative schemes needed to resolve the discrepancies, and generally resu
  8 KB (1,060 words) - 15:07, 3 February 2022
• Deltaic reservoirs
  ...ent into deltas on top of an unstable substrate containing mobile salt and/or shale. Salt [[deformation]] features and growth faulting are common in delt ...Mackenzie, Nile, and Irrawady deltas, for instance. Deltas can contain oil or mixed oil and gas where sandstones interfinger with a marine source rock.<r
  34 KB (4,776 words) - 18:18, 5 January 2024
• Great American carbonate bank, biostratigraphy
  ...ting the total stratigraphic range of any of several characteristic genera or species in a stratigraphically significant assemblage, which they termed th ...) are less prone to distortion by downhole transport of material by caving or fluid circulation. This distortion is less of a problem in data collected f
  58 KB (8,121 words) - 16:35, 1 August 2016
• Shale-gas resource systems
  ...source and a reservoir rock for the production of petroleum (oil and gas) or may charge and seal petroleum in juxtaposed, continuous organic-lean interv ...22 AAPG Memoir 60], p. 3–24.</ref> regardless of reservoir [[lithofacies]] or quality, because all the components and processes are applicable.
  73 KB (10,728 words) - 18:16, 11 January 2024
• Delta plain, subaqueous
  ...ed sediments settling farther offshore from suspension in the water column or as a result of downslope mass-movement processes. The seawardmost section o ...nts deposited seaward of the river mouth accumulate faster than subsidence or removal of sediments by marine processes occurs, deltaic progradation will
  60 KB (9,022 words) - 17:17, 21 March 2016
• Barmer basin
  ...s are commonly absent in the basin with the main reservoirs being close to or exposed at the surface and have been so since the [[Miocene]]. The post-Mio ...rocks into the Fatehgarh Formation reservoirs is therefore either downward or across [[fault]] juxtapositions and highly efficient. The fan [[delta]] and
  24 KB (3,528 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
• Identifying depositional sequences from biostratigraphic data
  ..., p. 65–86.</ref> Sequence boundaries are associated with intervals of few or no in situ fossils and often abundance peaks of reworked fossils in the ove
  9 KB (1,143 words) - 14:57, 23 February 2022
• Amplitude variations with offset (AVO)
  | II || About the same as the overlying unit || Increase or decrease; may change sign
  9 KB (1,404 words) - 21:39, 27 March 2019
• Iraq petroleum geology
  ...e seeps that are located where source rocks are absent or immature for oil or gas generation. ...owing major structural features. Fields and significant wells with oil and/or gas shows are shown; numbers refer to Tables 1–5. Red lines are approxima
  78 KB (7,926 words) - 16:25, 30 January 2017
• The Neuquén Basin: Sequence Stratigraphy of Vaca Muerta Formation
  ...stration of transgressive facies could be comprised of more than one event or sequence of third order. The thickness distribution of the TST is relativel ...ly to the west. From east to west the high sea sequence comprises proximal or platformfacies in the entire registry. In the location of CVS.x-1 (see [[:F
  16 KB (2,490 words) - 15:32, 8 January 2021
• Main Central Thrust
  None of the above definitions is precise or reliable because the Main Central Thrust developed and changes its style no
  10 KB (1,434 words) - 15:39, 20 January 2016
• Wattenberg field
  ...procedures; (4) improved drilling and completion costs; (5) and secondary or tertiary recovery. Items 1 through 4 occurred at Wattenberg, and item 5 is The Wattenberg area is a “hot spot” or positive temperature anomaly. This is an important reason the area is so pr
  72 KB (10,249 words) - 20:06, 15 January 2024
• EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee 2019-20 Annual Report
  ...for tight shale reservoirs are being more widely implemented. Natural gas or CO2 injection is currently being utilized in the Bakken Formation, Eagle Fo
  9 KB (1,373 words) - 20:57, 6 April 2021
• Shale-oil resource systems
  ...interest in efforts to attempt to produce oil from organic-rich mudstones or juxtaposed lithofacies as reservoir rocks. The economic value of petroleum ...ale itself, but also those systems with juxtaposed (overlying, underlying, or interbedded) organic-lean rocks, such as carbonates. Systems such as the Ba
  97 KB (14,873 words) - 19:53, 11 January 2024
• Appalachian Basin Marcellus gas play
  ...utcrop belt of the unit and to the west by thinning of the Marcellus Shale or its removal by a Middle Devonian unconformity surface. Significant geologic ...will remain an important exploration objective during the next few decades or longer.
  89 KB (13,415 words) - 19:16, 16 January 2024
• Lwandle plate
  ...ts discovery is very recent, so the velocity of the plate isn't well known or understood.<ref name=Saria>Saria, E., 2014, Present-day kinematics of the E
  10 KB (1,574 words) - 16:51, 6 April 2016
• EMD Tight Oil & Gas Committee 2020-21 Annual Report
  ...at showed gas production from the reached a cumulative output of 1.78 Bcm, or nearly 63 Bcf. Sinopec announced that they aim for an annual increase in ga
  9 KB (1,311 words) - 20:32, 20 September 2022
• Basin-centered gas systems: global distribution
  |+ {{table number|1}}Selected areas or basins containing known or suspected basin-centered gas systems
  27 KB (3,753 words) - 14:53, 12 March 2019
• Three-dimensional modeling of clinoforms in shallow-marine reservoirs
  ...inoforms, particularly if they are numerous, below seismic resolution, and/or difficult to correlate between wells. At present, there are no modeling too ...in a volume defined by two bounding surfaces, such as a delta-lobe deposit or shoreface parasequence, is developed. A geometric approach is taken to cons
  113 KB (16,689 words) - 22:11, 15 January 2024
• Prudhoe Bay field
  ...ref name=Lawtonetal_1987 /> Atkinson et al.<ref name=Atkinsonetal_1990 />) or on a large alluvial fan (McGowen and Bloch,<ref name=Mcgowenandbloch_1985>M
  11 KB (1,634 words) - 16:34, 26 April 2016
• Petroleum basins of Turkey
  ...en recognized and described which correspond to either a continental block or a suture zone that is amalgamated as a result of the Neo-Tethyan collision ...e not present in the region because they were either deposited and eroded, or they were not deposited at all. In either case, an erosional topography had
  52 KB (7,769 words) - 20:28, 18 January 2017
• Yowlumne field
  ...th14ch02f01.jpg|Figure 1]]) penetrates shale layers, some of which are two or more meters thick, interbedded with the reservoir sandstones.
  13 KB (1,896 words) - 19:02, 11 March 2019
• Medical geology
  ...ologic materials and processes on humans. Such health effects can be good, or possibly hazardous. Medical geology integrates professionals from medicine, Hazardous effects are caused by the excessiveness or deficiency of essential and non-essential trace elements such as: As, F-, I
  83 KB (12,860 words) - 14:03, 10 April 2019
• Australia, Northern TerritoryVelkerri Formation, Beetaloo Sub-basin
  ...ormation is interpreted as marine below wave base, in a distal outer shelf or slope setting<ref name=Mnsn2016 />.
  11 KB (1,597 words) - 15:02, 9 January 2024
• Iran petroleum systems
  ...7]]). Similar to the Sargelu Formation, Garau source rocks are unconnected or poorly connected to reservoirs, at least in the central part of this depres ...imestone]]s in the Sarvak Formation in the southern part of the depression or the Ilam limestone.<ref name=Bordenaveandsahabi_1971 /> <ref name=Razinetal
  27 KB (3,901 words) - 13:51, 26 January 2017
• Phanerozoic Tethys region
  ...ions exist for some intervals and, as data can be either contradictory and/or scarce, it is frequently a matter of interpretation which of several altern ...lay are discussed, which in some cases led to significant biotic turnovers or even to mass extinctions (e.g., [[Late Ordovician]], Permian-Triassic bound
  79 KB (11,542 words) - 18:47, 19 July 2016
• West Texas Super Basin
  ...bsequent production did not show significant results in either the Midland or Delaware Basins until the middle and second half of the 2010–2019 decade ...ion; after the primary, conventional targets were defined as unsuccessful; or when multiple zones (conventional and unconventional) were comingled. Sever
  157 KB (23,278 words) - 18:36, 16 January 2024
• Jordan petroleum geology
  In nearby Israel and Syria, rifting took place between Permian or Triassic and Early Jurassic, associated with the opening of the Neo-Tethys
  16 KB (2,310 words) - 15:13, 19 January 2017
• Pinedale field
  ...s can be completely fracked with over 20 frack stages per well within four or five days. These efficiencies have given Pinedale operators a cost advantag
  16 KB (2,521 words) - 17:13, 29 January 2016
• Libya hydrocarbon provinces
  ...|| Bahi || || || rowspan=10 | Mainly structural and few stratigraphy or combination || rowspan=10 | 117,000 MMB || rowspan=10 | 36,700 MMG
  17 KB (2,361 words) - 16:19, 30 January 2017
• Sill intrusion mechanism, parameters, and temperature effect of sills on a petroleum system
  A sill is a sheet-like intrusive body deposited in horizontal or slightly dislocated rock strata . The formation of sills occurs when the hy ...s and their feeding faults and dikes were revealed through 2D seismic data or more specifically by using seismic attributes (RMS, tecVA) and picking out
  29 KB (4,365 words) - 21:07, 21 April 2022
• Vaca Muerta play
  ...y increasing production. In 2012, the first multiwell pad (generally three or four wells per pad) dramatically scaled up the drilling technology, minimiz ...ed to be mined in Argentina, instead of being imported from Brazil, China, or the United States.
  77 KB (11,201 words) - 20:07, 15 January 2024
• Llanos basin
  ...atigraphic prospects are either the channel of the [[Carbonera Formation]] or the [[pinch out]] of the sandy series eastward.
  23 KB (3,247 words) - 22:50, 8 January 2019
• Paraná Basin
  ...ani<ref name=Milani_1997 /> divided this record into six large scale units or supersequences,<ref>Vail, P. R., R. M. Mitchum Jr., and S. Thompson III, 19
  22 KB (3,382 words) - 19:52, 4 January 2024

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