Search results

...ion?|Archie equation]] is the most widely used method of determining S_w. ...th>\text{Hydrocarbon saturation } (\text{S}_\text{h}) = 1 - \text{S}_\text{w}</math>

:<math>\rho_{\rm w} \mbox{gH}_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm h}\mbox{gH}_{\rm h}</math> * ρ_w = water density

...ize distribution]], and [[Reservoir quality|pore geometry]]. Mapping S_w distribution in a reservoir helps us predict trap boundaries. ...}}Hypothetical example of an S_w–depth plot with estimated S_w distribution curves for several flow units for a hydrocarbon-bearing

....</ref> and therefore is a powerful graphic technique for estimating S_w ranges within a reservoir. All that is needed to make a Pickett plot # Plot R_w point on the R_t scale.

...n the formula below can be used to estimate formation water density (ρ_w):<ref name=ch05r4>Collins, A., G., 1987, Properties of produced water :<math>\rho_{\rm w} = 1 + \mbox{TDS} \times 0.695 \times 10^{-6} \mbox{ g/cm}^{3}</math>

==Log response and S_w== ...have the expected effect on log responses and [[water saturation]]s (S_w). The Midale vuggy beds in a cored field well consist of interbeds of

:<math>(\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm h}) \mbox{g} h = \frac{2\gamma \cos \theta}R</math> ...\frac{\left(\displaystyle\frac{2\gamma \cos \theta} R \right)}{(\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm h})\mbox{g}}</math>

#*<math>\text{H}_{\text{w}} = \text{Z} + \left( \frac{\text{P}} {\text{grad P}} \right)</math> ...left(\frac{\rho_{\rm w}}{\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm hc}}\right)\mbox{H}_{\rm w}</math>

...s in calculating [[water saturation]] using the [[Archie equation]]. R_w can be measured from a sample of formation water taken from the zone To calculate R_w from SP, we need the following data:

...complex '''non-Archie porosity'''. In most cases, water saturation (S_w) of rocks with Archie porosity can be predicted from log analysis usi ...\mbox{S}_{\rm w} = \left(\frac{1}{\Phi^{\rm m}} \times \frac{\mbox{R}_{\rm w}}{\mbox{R}_{\rm t}}\right)^{\rm 1/n}</math>

...eservoir system by definition contains water as a single phase (100% S_w). The [[permeability]] of that rock to water is absolute permeability ...ub> of the rock. In other words, as [[buoyancy pressure]] increases, S_w decreases and the effective size of the pore throat for oil or gas fl

...leum Transactions of AIME 146: 54–62.</ref> which is less expensive. S_w can also be estimated using a graphical representation of the Archie

==Making s_w profiles from p_c curves== ...ub> can be approximated using information from the curve. To make an S_w profile of a reservoir using a P_c curve, use the table bel

Hydraulic head (H_w) is the height or elevation above a given subsurface point at which a :<math>\mbox{H}_{\rm w} = \mbox{Z} + \frac{\mbox{P}}{\rho \mbox{g}}</math>

...on to calculate, from well log parameters, the [[water saturation]] (S_w) of the uninvaded zone in a formation next to a borehole. The Archie :<math>\mbox{S}_{\rm w}{}^{\rm n} = \frac{\mbox{R}_{\rm w}}{(\Phi^{\rm m} \times \mbox{R}_{\rm t})}</math>

...before [[drilling a well]] is a matter of predicting pore volume and S_w. Recovery of hydrocarbons depends on the efficiency of the [[Reservoi ...758 \times \text{A} \times \text{h} \times \Phi \times (1 - \text{S}_\text{w})}{\text{B}_\text{oi}}</math>

...Mancini et al.<ref>Mancini, E. A., D. J. Benson, B. S. Hart, R. S. Balch, W. C. Parcell, and B. J. Panetta, 2000, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/b ...s. From Zitello et al.<ref>Zitello, A. G., L. J. Bauer, T. A. Battista, P. W. Mueller, M. S. Kendall and M. E. Monaco, 2009, Shallow-Water Ben­ thic Ha

...ithin a reservoir system. From a capillary pressure curve at a given S_w, we read the capillary pressure and multiply it by a factor that conv | Pore throat size ( ''r'' ) from S_w

...''in'' S. A. Sonnenberg, L. T. Shannon, K. Rader, W. F. von Drehle, and G. W. Martin, eds., Morrow sandstones of Southeast Colorado and Adjacent Areas: ...ation]]s. One convenient way to do this is to plot water saturation (S_w) against structural elevation while differentiating [[Pore and pore t

...il & Gas Journal, vol. 91, no. 11, p. 71–74.</ref><ref name=ch10r47>Leach, W. G., 1993b, Maximum hydrocarbon window determination in south Louisiana: Oi

...ssification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture], in Ham, W. E., ed., Classification of Carbonate Rocks: AAPG Memoir 1, p. 108–121.</

...ples, if available, are invariably contaminated by mud filtrate. ''R''_w is therefore usually calculated, and there are three methods availabl ...ntaining a more saline interstitial water than the drilling mud (''R''_w R_mf).

* Allmendinger, R., W., 1982, Analysis of microstructures in the Meade plate of the Idaho–Wyomi * Friedman, M., Stearns, D., W., 1971, Relations between stresses inferred from calcite twin lamellae and

:<math>\mbox{P}_{\rm b} = (\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm h}) \mbox{gh}</math> :<math>\mbox{P}_{\rm b} = (\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm h}) 0.433 \mbox{ h}</math>

...P}_{\rm G} = [\rho_{\rm m} \times (1 - \phi) \times \mbox{d}] + [\rho_{\rm w} \times \phi \times \mbox{d}]</math> * ρ_w = weighted average of pore-water density (g/cm³)

# Plot measured pressure from the [[aquifer]]s (100% water saturation [S_w] ) in the well. If none is available, go to step 3. ...s potential logs in water resistivity calculation|water resistivity (R_w)]] . For help, see the following sections.

:<math>\mbox{P}_{\rm B} = \mbox{g} \times \mbox{z} \times (\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm hc})</math> * ρ_w = water density

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale ...ref><ref name=ch08r47>Rullkötter, J., P. A. Meyers, R. G. Schaefer, and K. W. Dunham, 1986, Oil generation in the Michigan basin: a biological marker an

...n]] [S_w] = 100%) or [[formation water]] and hydrocarbons (S_w < 100%). Using a valid R_t is fundamental when analyzing w

.... 1–11.</ref> and Kaminski and Kuhnt<ref name=ch17r50>Kaminski, M. A., and W. Kuhnt, 1995, Tubular agglutinated foraminifera as indicators of organic ca

...hodo2/data/a077/a077/0001/0000/0003.htm Introduction], in L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The petroleum system-from source to trap: [http://store.aapg

A Buckles plot is a plot of water saturation (S_w) vs. [[porosity]]. Contours of equal bulk volume water (BVW) are draw

# Calculate water saturation (S_w ) of intervals that … ## Annotate the log intervals with S_w values.

...''in'' S. A. Sonnenberg, L. T. Shannon, K. Rader, W. F. von Drehle, and G.W. Martin, eds., Morrow Sandstones of Southeast Colorado and Adjacent Areas: ...soporous material|mesoporous]] and are at immobile water saturation (S_w = 45%). This is verified by the well testing about 100 bo/d and 300 M

...993>Dutton, S. P., S. J. Clift, D. S. Hamilton, H. S. Hamlin, T. F. Hentz, W. E. Howard, M. S. Akhter, and S. E. Laubach, 1993, Major low-permeability s ...lation in Cretaceous Trinidad Sandstone, Raton basin, Colorado], ''in'' C. W. Spencer and R. F. Mast, eds., Geology of tight gas reservoirs: AAPG Studie

...tudies in Geology No. 27], p. 1–10.</ref><ref name=ch04r79>Posamentier, H. W., and P. R. Vail, 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition II—sequen ...its]: AAPG Bulletin, vol. 73, p. 125–142.</ref><ref name=ch04r35>Galloway, W. E., 1989b, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1988-89/data/pg/00

...sissippian Mission Canyon Formation.<ref name=ch09r9>Chetin, A. K., and W. W. Fitkin, 1959, Geology of the Weyburn field, Saskatchewan: Canadian Mining ...id-flow barriers in carbonate rocks, in J. C. Dolson, M. L. Hendricks, and W. A. Wescott, eds., Unconformity Related Hydrocarbons in Sedimentary Sequenc

...stem. From Pollastro.<ref>Pollastro, R. M., D. M. Jarvie, R. J. Hill, & C. W. Adams, 2007, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2007/04apr/BLTN0 ...S. Ikonnikova, G. Gülen, E. Potter, Q. Fu, S. Horvath, T. Patzek, F. Male, W. Fisher, & F. Roberts, 2013, Barnett shale model-2 (Conclusion): Barnett st

| author = R. D. Fritz, W, A. Morgan, S. Longacre, J. R. Derby, C. A. Sternbach ...he Stonehenge transgression], in J. R. Derby, R. D. Fritz, S. A. Longacre, W. A. Morgan, and C. A. Sternbach, eds., The great American carbonate bank: T

...cal type II kerogens with less than 6 wt. % sulfur;<ref name=Orr_1986>Orr, W. L., 1986, Kerogen/asphaltene/sulfer relationships in sulfur-rich Monterey

| SPOT || 60 × 60 || 20 (color), 10 (b&w) * Insley, M. W., F. X. Murphy, D. Naylor, and M. Critchley, 1996, The use of satellite ima

...the world's important oil and gas producing areas.<ref name=ch18r21>Link, W. K., 1952, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1949-52/data/pg/003 ...n: New York, John Wiley & Sons, 483 pp.</ref><ref name=ch18r19>Klusman, R. W., and M. A. Saeed, 1996, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/memoi

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale ...in Seifert et al.<ref name=ch08r49>Seifert, W. K., J. M. Moldowan, and R. W. Jones, 1979, Application of biological marker chemistry to petroleum explo

...duits subsequently filled by [[mudstone]] plugs<ref name=ch04r36>Galloway, W. E., and T. A. McGilvery, 1995, Facies of a submarine canyon fill reservoir

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale ...es, as well as to [[Source rock|source]] variations.<ref name=ch08r36>Orr, W. L., 1986, Kerogen/asphaltene/sulfur relationships in sulfur-rich Monterey

* Determine water resistivity (''R''_w) ...nalysis. Consequently, some well logging societies have compiled ''R''_w values for different regions.

...reaks 160-161 field have been analyzed by Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29>Dow, W. G., M. A. Yukler, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt II, and J. M. Armentrout, ...al.;<ref name=Antoine1974>Antoine, J. W., R. G. Ray, Jr., T. G. Pyle, and W. R. Bryant, 1974, Continental margins of the Gulf of Mexico, in C. A. Burk

...sed on the modern distribution of organisms.<ref name=ch04r44>Hedgpeth, J. W., 1957, Classification of marine environments: Geological Society of Americ ...l modifications. [See Pflum and Freichs<ref name=ch04r73>Pflum, C. E., and W. E. Freichs, 1976, Gulf of Mexico deep water foraminifers: Cushman Foundati

.... Aubry, 1995, A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy, in W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, M.-P. Aubry, and J. Hardenbol, eds., Geochronolog ...lication 42, p. 71–108.</ref> and Harland et al.<ref name=ch17r44>Harland, W. B., R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith, and D. G. Smith,

...through a new generation of deformation.<ref name=ch04r32>Fiduk, J. C., E. W. Behrens, and R. T. Buffler, 1989, Distribution and movement of salt on the ...ine et al.<ref name=ch04r4>Antoine, J. W., R. G. Ray, Jr., T. G. Pyle, and W. R. Bryant, 1974, Continental margins of the Gulf of Mexico, in C. A. Burk,

...g hydrocarbon accumulations.<ref name=ch10r13>Chong, K. P., P. M. Hoyt, J. W. Smith, and B. Y. Paulsen, 1980, Effects of strain rate on oil shale fractu ...[[length::51 m]].<ref name=ch10r13>Chong, K., P., Hoyt, P., M., Smith, J., W., Paulsen, B., Y., 1980, Effects of strain rate on oil shale fracturing: In

...Warrior basin.<ref name=Bolandetal_1971>Boland, L. F., E. D. Minihan, and W. A. Thomas, 1971, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1971-73/data

...v. 38, p. 1125–1144., 10., 2118/13932-PA</ref> <ref name=pt05r18>Anderson, W. G., 1986f, Wettability literature survey—Part 6, Effects of wettability ...balance was first developed by Young in 1805.<ref name=pt05r2>Adamson, A. W., 1982, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 4th ed.: New York, John Wiley and S

...ltiplied by the oil-water [[viscosity]] ratio (''μ''_o/''μ''_w) as expressed in the following equation: :<math>M = (k_{\rm rw}/k_{\rm ro}) \times (\mu_{\rm o}/\mu_{\rm w})</math>

* Rubey, W., W., Oriel, S., S., Tracey, J., I., Jr., 1975, Geology of the Sage and Kemmere

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale ...gh which they passed (see Waples and Machihara<ref name=ch08r59>Waples, D. W., and T. Machihara, 1991, Biomarkers for geologists: Tulsa, AAPG, 91 p.</re

...Society of London Memoir 10, p. 141–195.</ref><ref name=ch17r13>Berggren, W., A., Kent, D., and J.A. van Couvering, 1985b, Neogene geochronology and ch ...4i004p00353</ref><ref name=ch17r77>Shackleton, N. J., Berger, A., Peltier, W. R., 1990, An alternate astronomical calibration of the lower Pleistocene t

...day|Michael Faraday]] was the first scientist to discover benzene, while [[w:August Kekulé|August Kekulé]] devised the structure. Benzene as form the The most common aromatic compound (benzene) was first discorvered by [[W:Michael Faraday|Michael Faraday]] who extracted the compound from a liquid

...k modern treatments, such as Van Wagoner et al.<ref>Van Wagoner, J. C., H. W. Posamentier, R. M. Mitchum, P. R. Vail, J. F. Sarg, T. S. Loutit, and J. H

...il & Gas Journal, vol. 91, no. 11, p. 71–74.</ref><ref name=ch10r47>Leach, W. G., 1993b, Maximum hydrocarbon window determination in south Louisiana: Oi ...l relationships are common.<ref name=ch10r39 /><ref name=ch10r55>Matthews, W. R., and J. Kelly, 1967, How to predict formation pressure and fracture gra

...h of the major depositional environments.</ref><ref name=ch09r20>Galloway, W., E., Hobday, D., K., 1983, Terrigenous Clastic Depositional Systems: Appli

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale

...000/0001.htm Seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure], in Bally, A., W., ed., Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.aspx?id ...nto mappable, three-dimensional seismic facies.<ref name=ch21r5>Bally, A., W., ed., 1987, Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.a

...s is an important aspect of foreland basins.<ref name=ch04r60>MacQueen, R. W., and D. A. Leckie, eds., 1992, Foreland Basins and Fold Belts: [http://sto

...depending on the source-receiver separations.<ref name=pt07r37>Minear, J. W., 1986, Full wave sonic logging—a brief perspective: Transactions of the ...pt07r33>Lang, W. W., A. L. Kurkjian, J. H. McClellan, C. F. Morris, and T. W. Parks, 1987, Estimating slowness dispersion from arrays of sonic logging w

...accumulation is inferred to continue to the present<ref name=ch04r29>Dow, W. G., M. A. Yukler, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt, and J. M. Armentrout, 19

* Estimating hydrostatic pressures from fluid density using R_w (formation water resistivity)

:<math>N = 7758Ah\phi(1 - S_{\rm w})/B_{\rm oi}</math> * ''S''_w = connate water saturation (decimal) from log and/or core data

...ta/a077/a077/0001/0000/0003.htm The petroleum system], in L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The Petroleum System—From Source to Trap: [http://store.aa

.../a066/a066/0001/0000/iv.htm Introduction], ''in'' Spencer, C. W., Mast, R. W., eds., Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs: AAPG Studies in Geology Seri ...f Frontier Formation sandstones, southwestern Wyoming], ''in'' Spencer, C. W., Mast, R. F., eds., Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs: [http://archive

* H_w—apparent thickness measured in a well log Use of the well-log thickness (H_w) to project the base on either fault plane profile clearly gives an i

* Narr, W., 1996, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1994-96/data/pg/0080/0 * Jamison, W. R., 1997, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1997/07jul/1110/111

...igher oil saturations of 25–91% may be required.<ref name=ch10r27>England, W., A., Mackenzie, A., S., Mann, D., M., Quickley, T., M., 1987, The movement

...pt06r153>Weber, K. J., 1986, How heterogeneity affects oil recovery, in L. W. Lake, and H. B. J. Carroll, eds., Reservoir Characterization: Orlando, FL, ...ndo, FL, Academy Press, p. 545–560.</ref><ref name=pt06r144>van de Graaff, W. J. E., and P. S. Ealey, 1989, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns

:<math>P = ( N \times R \times W ) - T - C - F - I </math> * ''W'' = Wellhead price

* Telford, W., M., Geldart, L., P., Sheriff, R., E., 1990, Applied Geophysics: Cambridge * Bally, A., W., ed., 1983, Seismic Expression of Structural Styles, A Picture and Work At

...tly calibrated or malfunctioning logging tools (see <ref name=pt04r6>Lang, W. H., Jr., 1980, [[Porosity]] log calibration: The Log Analyst, v. 21, n. 2. | H: GEN-7 S: POR-7 W:3-3

:<math>p = p_{\rm wf} + \frac{q\mu B}{2\pi kh} \ln (r/r_{\rm w})</math> ...= p_{\rm wf} + \frac{141.2q_{\rm o}\mu_{\rm o}B_{\rm o}}{kh} \ln (r/r_{\rm w})</math>

...m Natural-gas hydrates: Resources of the twenty-first century?], ''in'' M. W. Downey et al., eds., Petroleum provinces of the twenty-first century: [htt ...m Natural-gas hydrates: Resources of the twenty-first century?], ''in'' M. W. Downey et al., eds., Petroleum provinces of the twenty-first century: AAPG

* Water saturation (S_w–depth plots) ...''in'' S. A. Sonnenberg, L. T. Shannon, K. Rader, W. F. von Drehle, and G. W. Martin, eds., Morrow Sandstones of Southeast Colorado and Adjacent Areas:

...Special Publication 42, p. 47–69.</ref><ref name=ch04r79>Posamentier, H., W., Vail, P., R., 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition II—sequence ...mary chronostratigraphic surfaces.<ref name=ch04r23>Brown, L., F., Fisher, W., L., 1977, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/seismic1/data/a165

...Morgridge and Smith,<ref name=Morgridgeandsmith_1972>Morgridge, D. L., and W. B. Smith Jr., 1972, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/fieldst4/ ...f> Begg et al.,<ref name=Beggetal_1992>Begg, S. H., E. R. Gustason, and M. W. Deason, 1992, [https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-24698-MS Char

...ea-level change, in C. K. Wilgus, B. S. Hastings, C. G. St. C. Kendall, H. W. Posamentier, C. A. Ross, and J. C. Van Wagoner, eds., Sea-level Change: An ...001.htm Cretaceous carbonate platforms: an overview], in J. A. T. Simo, R. W. Scott, and J.-P. Masse, eds., Cretaceous Carbonate Platforms: [http://stor

...''in'' S. A. Sonnenberg, L. T. Shannon, K. Rader, W. F. von Drehle, and G.W. Martin, eds., Morrow Sandstones of Southeast Colorado and Adjacent Areas: ...og calculations let us extrapolate the P_c curves into low S_w ranges.

...Bulletin, vol. 67, p. 932–952.</ref> Klusman<ref name=ch18r18>Klusman, R., W., 1993, Soil gas and related methods for natural resource exploration: New ...25–39.</ref> Duchscherer (soil carbonate),<ref name=ch18r12>Duchscherer, W., Jr., 1984, Geochemical hydrocarbon prospecting, with case histories: Tuls

...e estimated from pore size using Washburn's<ref name=ch10r90>Washburn, E., W., 1921, Note on a method of determining the distribution of pore sizes in a ...and application to fluid displacement in reservoir rocks, in J. Kleppe, E. W. Berg, A. T. Buller, O. Hjemeland, and O. Torsaeter, eds., North Sea Oil an

...ulation]]s updip along the [[migration pathway]].<ref name=ch11r12>Gussow, W. C., 1954, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1953-56/data/pg/003 ...1r16>Hunt, J. M., 1979, Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology: San Francisco, W. H. Freeman, 617 p.</ref> Methane apparently can be destroyed only by oxida

...ox{h} = \frac{0.670 \times \gamma \cos \theta}{\mbox{R}_{\rm bt}(\rho_{\rm w} - \rho_{\rm h})}</math> * ρ_w = formation water density (g/cc)

...s and uneconomical to be of long-term use.<ref name=Beck_1999p113>Beck, P. W., 1999, [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.1 ...not made; thus, the industry is drifting.<ref name=Beck_1999p114>Beck, P. W., 1999, [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.1

...hor = Edward A. Beaumont, Norman H. Foster, Richard R. Vincelette, Marlan W. Downey, James D. Robertson

...arding sequence stratigraphy<ref name=ch21r49>Weimer, P., Posamentier, H., W., eds., 1993, Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy, Recent Developments and ...ystems tract models, in Wilgus, C., K., Hastings, B., S., Posamentier, H., W., Van Wagoner, J., Ross, C., A., Kendall, G., C., St., C., eds., Sea-Level

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale ...ource rocks—a conceptual and historical perspective], in L. B. Magoon, and W. G. Dow, eds., The Petroleum system—From Source to Trap: [http://store.aa

...in, offshore western New Zealand. From Bally;<ref name=Bally1987>Bally, A. W., ed., 1987, Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.a

| author = P. C. Henshaw, R. L. Kaufman, L. W. Slentz ...>Hunt, J. M., 1979, Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology: San Francisco, CA, W. H. Freeman, 617 p.</ref>).

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale

...loway<ref name=ch09r19 /> and Harrison & Tempel<ref name=ch09r27>Harrison, W. J., and R. N. Tempel, 1993, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/r Galloway<ref name=ch09r19>Galloway, W. E., 1984, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/specpubs/sandsto2/data/a059/

...=ch18r15>Horvitz, L., 1969, Hydrocarbon prospecting after thirty years, in W. B. Heroy, ed., Unconventional Methods in Exploration for Petroleum and Nat ...mentalization and monitor hydrocarbon drainage, in R. J. Kruizenga, and M. W. Downey, eds., Applications of Emerging Technologies: Unconventional Method

* Determine the formation water resistivity (''R''_w). The resistivity of the water (without hydrocarbons) is used to inte * Determine the water saturation (''S''_w). A resistivity model is interpreted for saturation. This model relat

...57, 165 p.</ref> Greater Green River,<ref name=Lawetal_1989>Law, B. E., C. W. Spencer, R. R. Charpentier, R. A. Crovelli, R. F. Mast, G. L. Dolton, and ...nd a methodology developed by Schmoker<ref name=Schmoker_1996>Schmoker, J. W., 1996, Method for assessing continuous-type (unconventional) hydrocarbon a

...1>Popov, M. A., V. F. Nuccio, T. S. Dyman, T. A. Gognat, R. C. Johnson, J. W. Schmoker, M. S. Wilson, and C. Bartberger, 2001, Basin-centered gas system ...gic as an exploration tool in a frontier setting], ''in'' L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The petroleum system-from source to trap: [http://store.aapg

...050/0089.htm Oil and gas migration: chemical and physical constraints], in W. Roberts, and R. Cordell, eds., Problems of Petroleum Migration: AAPG Studi

...hic section above the [[source rock]].<ref name=ch04r61>Magoon, L. B., and W. G. Dow, 1994, The Petroleum System--From Source to Trap: [http://store.aap ...speculated middle Miocene source rock of Dow et al.<ref name=ch04r29>Dow, W. G., M. A. Yukler, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt, and J. M. Armentrout, 19

...sing seismic and sonic velocity interpretations, ''in'' D. S. Anderson, J. W. Robinson, J. E. Estes-Jackson, and E. B. Coalson, eds., Gas in the Rockies ...name=Davis_1984 /><ref name=Law_1984 /><ref name=Spencer_1987>Spencer, C. W., 1987, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1986-87/data/pg/0071/0

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale

| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale ...guishing among various types of anoxic environments.<ref name=ch08r36>Orr, W. L., 1986, Kerogen/asphaltene/sulfur relationships in sulfur-rich Monterey

...n of organic facies and palynofacies, in Fermont, W., J., J., Weegink, J., W., eds., International Symposium in Organic Petrology: Mededlingen Rijks Geo

...tests on rocks, in Carter, N. L., Friedman, M., Logan, J. M., Stearns, D. W., eds., Mechanical Behavior of Crustal Rocks: American Geophysical Union Mo ...retical studies, in Carter, N. L., Friedman, M., Logan, J. M., Stearns, D. W., eds., Mechanical Behavior of Crustal Rocks: American Geophysical Union Mo

...reservoir rock because it has larger pore throats and lower immobile S_w. K_a/Φ ratio or r₃₅ accounts for the interrelat

...8/0001/0000/0001.htm Seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure], in A. W. Bally, ed., Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy: [http://store.aapg.org/detail.a

...n, E., B., Kaplan, S., S., Keighin, C., W., Oglesby, L., A., Robinson, J., W., eds., Sandstone Reservoirs: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p.

...erian(!) petroleum system, North Slope, Alaska, USA], in L. B. Magoon, and W. G. Dow, eds., The Petroleum System—From Source to Trap: [http://store.aa ...rt et al.<ref name=Seifertetal_1980>Seifert, W. K., J. M. Moldowan, and R. W. Jones, 1980, Application of biological marker chemistry to petroleum explo

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...a of making an original map of rock distribution was invented in 1684 by [[w:Martin Lister | Martin Lister (1639-1712)]]. Lister stated that the distrib [[w:Luigi Ferdinando Marsili | Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1658-1730)]] created

...Modified from Jorgensen and Bosworth<ref name=ch15r6>Jorgensen, G. J., and W. Bosworth, 1989, Gravity modeling in the Central African Rift system, Sudan ...y was modeled using a Talwani-type 2-D algorithm<ref name=ch15r42>Cady, J. W., 1980, Calculation of gravity and magnetic anomalies of finite-length righ

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| author = W.J. Ebanks, M. H. Scheihing, C. D. Atkinson ...urnal-paper/SPE-12016-PA 10.2118/12016-PA].</ref><ref name=pt06r31>Ebanks, W. J., Jr., 1987, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/browse/aapg-bulletin/19

...Vincelette and Chittum.<ref name=Vincelette&Chittum>Vincelette, R. R., and W. E. Chittum, 1981, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1980-81/dat ...three factors: charge, migration, and entrapment], ''in'' L. B. Magoon and W. G. Dow, eds., The Petroleum System—From Source to Trap: [http://store.aa

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...487 p.</ref> and Weimer and Posamentier.<ref name=ch04r78>Posamentier, H. W., and P. Weimer, 1993, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1992-93 ...tudies in Geology No. 27], p. 1–10.</ref><ref name=ch04r79>Posamentier, H. W., and P. R. Vail, 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition II—sequen

...he trap starts at 0% hydrocarbon saturation (S_o), or 100% S_w, and ends up with a higher S_o. Water refills the reservoir ...rvoir. In this example, the reservoir ends up with approximately 60% S_w, or 40% residual hydrocarbon saturation.

...hop, n. 2, 416 p.</ref> and Miall.<ref name=pt05r109>Maness, M., and J. G. W. Price, 1977, Well formation characterization by residual hydrocarbon analy ...for environmental interpretation.<ref name=pt05r166>Weimer, R. J., and R. W. Tillman, 1980, Tectonic influence on deltaic shoreline facies, Fox Hills S

...73, p. 1397-1414.</ref><ref>Fulljames, J. R., L. J. J. Zijerveld, R. C. M. W. Franssen, G. M. Ingram, and P. D. Richard, 1996, Fault seal processes, in

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...8/a038/0001/0050/0062.htm Spectral subdivision of limestone types], ''in'' W. E. Ham, ed., Classification of carbonate Rocks-A Symposium: [https://archi ...assification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture], ''in'' W. E. Ham, ed., Classification of Carbonate Rocks: [https://archives.datapage

8.Zhao, X., L. Zhou, X. Pu, F. Jin, W. Han, D. Xiao, S. Chen, Z. Shi, W. Zhang, and F. Yang, 2018, Geological characteristics of shale rock system 9.Zhang, Y., S. Chen, Q. Meng, J. Yan, X. Pu, and W. Han, 2015, The Discovery of Analcite in Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks of

...al, October 24, p. 68–70.</ref> Potter et al.<ref name=ch18r29>Potter, R., W., IIHarrington, P., A., Silliman, A., H., Viellenave, J., H., 1996, [http:/ ...zation and monitor hydrocarbon drainage, in Kruizenga, R., J., Downey, M., W., eds., [[Applications]] of Emerging Technologies: Unconventional Methods i

:<math>T(t) = R_{0}(t) \times w(t) + n(t)</math> * ''w''(''t'') = wavelet

...hor = Edward A. Beaumont, Norman H. Foster, Richard R. Vincelette, Marlan W. Downey, James D. Robertson

| author = Robert W. Scott ...al time table modified after van Eysinga<ref name=pt05r158>van Eysinga, F. W. B., 1975, Geologic Time Table: Amsterdam, Elsevier (chart).</ref>. Tertiar

...c rocks were sub-divided in six magma types:<ref name=Peate_1992>Peate, D. W., C. J. Hawkeswort, and M. S. M. Mantovani, 1992, Chemical stratigraphy of ...ided in two groups<ref name=Bellieni_1984 /><ref name=Peate_1997>Peate, D. W., 1997, The Parana-Etendeka province, ''in'' J. J. Mahoney, and M. Coffin,

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...or another at a certain time. Schmoker<ref name=Schmoker_2002>Schmoker, J. W., 2002, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/2002/11nov/1993/1993.h

...9></ref> From Snedden and Sarg.<ref name=Sneddedandsarg_2008>Snedden, John W., and J. F. (Rick) Sarg, Seismic Stratigraphy-A Primer on Methodology, Sear ...arch Conference, p. 1–7.</ref><ref name=ch04r101>Vail, P. R., Wornardt, W. W., 1990, Well log seismic stratigraphy: a new tool for exploration in the '9

...he Bakken Formation (Mississippian-Devonian), North Dakota, in Robinson, J.W., LeFever, J.A., and Gaswirth, S.B., eds., The Bakken-Three Forks Petroleum Saputra, W., Kirati, W., and Patzek, T., 2019, Generalized extreme value statistics, physical scal

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...rock. After Ringrose and Corbett.<ref name=ch07r11>Ringrose, S. P., and P. W. M. Corbett, 1994, Controls in two phase fluid flow in heterogeneous sandst

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| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale ...were documented by Phillips Petroleum Co. workers<ref name=ch08r20>Hughes, W. B., A. G. Holba, D. E. Miller, and J. S. Richardson, 1985, Geochemistry of

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* Moffat, D. T., L. F. Henage, R. A. Brash, R. W. Tauer, and B. H. Harahap, 1991, Lengguru, Irian Jaya: prospect selection u ...d structural interpretations in fold and thrust belts, in S. Mitra, and G. W. Fisher, eds., Structural Geology of Fold and Thrust Belts: Johns Hopkins U

| author = Mark W. Alberty ...y]] || Does not work in oil-based mud and ''R''_mf and ''R''_w must contrast

...creases to [[length::51 m]].<ref name=ch10r13>Chong, K. P., P. M. Hoyt, J. W. Smith, and B. Y. Paulsen, 1980, Effects of strain rate on oil shale fractu

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...igraphy and cycles of sea-level change in C. K. Wilgus, B. S. Hastings, H. W. Posamentier, J. Van Wagoner, C. A. Ross, and G. C. St. C. Kendall, eds., S ...m The Mid-Cretaceous Urgonian platform of S. E. France], in J. A. Simo, R. W. Scott, and J. P. Masse, eds., Cretaceous Carbonate Platforms: [http://stor

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:<math>h = \frac{P}{(\rho_{\rm w} \times C)} + (E_{\rm m} - E_{\rm r})</math> * ''ρ''_''w'' = specific [[gravity]] of water

...ways within the East Breaks 160-161 field. Copyright: Dow et al.;<ref>Dow, W. G., M. A. Yukler, J. T. Senftle, M. C. Kennicutt II, and J. M. Armentrout, ...rkshop No. 20, p. 75–93.</ref><ref name=ch04r65>McGee, D. T., Bilinski, P. W., Gary, P. S., Pfeiffer, D. S., Sheiman, J. L., 1994, Geologic models and r

...term organic facies has had an evolving etymology (see Jones<ref>Jones, R. W., 1987, Organic Facies, in J. Brooks and D. H. Welte, eds., Advances in Pet ...sus O/C of coal constituents (macerals), Van Krevelen<ref>Van Krevelen, D. W., 1961, Coal: Amsterdam, Elsevier, 514p.</ref> recognized that each kind of

| author = Diana Morton-Thompson, W. E. Galloway ...n of SP log patterns. (From Galloway and Cheng.<ref name=pt06r35>Galloway, W. E., Cheng, E. S. S., 1985, Reservoir facies architecture in a microtidal b

...N. H. Foster, 1992, Fractured Niobrara of Northwestern Colorado, ''in'' J. W. Schmoker, E. B. Coalson, and C. A. Brown, eds., Geologic Studies Relevant

...ssary to sustain a column of water to the surface.<ref name=pt03r19>Fertl, W. H., 1976, Abnormal formation pressures: New York, Elsevier Scientific Publ ...ard the neritic facies.<ref name=pt03r13>Dickey, P. A., C. R. Shriram, and W. R. Paine, 1968, Abnormal pressures in deep wells of southwestern Louisiana

...pon et al.<ref name=pt04r10>Poupon, A., W. R. Hoyle, and A. W. Schmidt, A. W., 1971, [https://www.onepetro.org/journal-paper/SPE-2925-PA Log analysis in :<math>C_{\rm t} = \frac{C_{\rm w}}{F} S_{\rm w}^{2} + S_{\rm w}V_{\rm sh}C_{\rm sh}</math>

: <math>\text{P}_\text{c} = \text{P}_\text{hc} - \text{P}_\text{w}</math> ...} + \text{S}_\text{g} \text{C}_\text{g} + \text{S}_\text{w} \text{C}_\text{w} + \text{C}_\text{f}</math>

...73, p. 1397-1414.</ref><ref>Fulljames, J. R., L. J. J. Zijerveld, R. C. M. W. Franssen, G. M. Ingram, and P. D. Richard, 1996, Fault seal processes, in ...to those described by Weber et al.<ref name=Weber>Weber, K. J., G. Mandl, W. F. Pilaar, F. Lehner, and R. G. Precious, 1978, The role of faults in hydr

...ef> and Law and Dickinson<ref name=Lawanddickinson_1985>Law, B. E., and W. W. Dickinson, 1985, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1984-85/data ...[Pliocene]] rocks in the Bekes basin<ref name=Spenceretal_1994>Spencer, C. W., A. Szalay, and E. Tatar, 1994, Abnormal pressure and hydrocarbon migratio

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| author = Douglas W. Waples, Joseph A. Curiale

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...M., Rodgers, B., K., Fearn, L., B., Block, R., B., Snedden, J., W., Lyle, W., D., Herrick, D., C., Nwankwo, B., 1997, Application of high resolution bi

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* Dickinson, W. R., and H. Yarborough, 1978, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/alt-brows

...as a result; for example, Tyler and Ambrose<ref name=TA1986>Tyler, N., and W. A. Ambrose, 1986, [http://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/1986-87/dat ...the Rannoch-Etive sand unit in Brent sands reservoirs in the North Sea, in W. Linville, ed., Reservoir characterization III: Tulsa, PennWell Books, 1008

...50, p. 781–786.</ref>; Potter et al.<ref>Potter, P. E., J. B. Maynard, and W. A. Pryor, 1980, Sedimentology of shale: Study guide and reference source: ...em of Pennsylvanian carbonate reservoirs of the Paradox Basin, SE Utah, in W. S. Houston, L. L. Wray, and P. G. Moreland, eds., The Paradox basin revisi

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...°. For example in [[:File:Direction of strike and dip.png|Figure 3]], N40° W mean the direction of strike is 40° from north to west. 45° is amount of

...et al.<ref name=Ratchfordetal>Ratchford, M. Ed, L. C. Bridges, D. Jordan, W. G. Dow, A. Colbert, and D. M. Jarvie, 2006, Organic geochemistry and therm

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...ref> and [[Oxygen]]<ref name="Valley Oxygen Isotopes in Zircon">Valley, J. W., 2003, Oxygen Isotopes in Zircon: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 5 ...name="Corfu et al. Atlas of Zircon Textures">Corfu, F., J. M. Hanchar, P. W. O. Hoskin, & P. Kinny, 2003, Atlas of Zircon Textures". Reviews in Mineral

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| author = Mark W. Alberty

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| [[Shale]] conductivity (W/m.K) || 1.87 || 2.34 || 2.81

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